宝鸡市12区县水资源生态安全基尼系数分析

为了能够统筹安排宝鸡市的水资源,提高水资源的利用率,对未来区域经济发展中如何确保生态安全提出对策提供一定的参考依据,本研究结合宝鸡市12区、县水资源的现状,应用洛伦兹曲线的基本原理及基尼系数计算方法,对2009年宝鸡市的水资源与耕地资源、GDP和人口布局等的匹配程度进行分析。计算得到宝鸡市水资源与耕地资源、GDP、人口匹配的基尼系数分别是0.3527、0.4501、0.5472,可以认为宝鸡市水资源与耕地资源匹配较好,而与GDP和人口分布匹配却极不平衡。     

Sorption of isoxaflutole by five different soils varying in physical and chemical properties

Isoxaflutole is a new pre-emergence corn herbicide which controls both grass and broadleaf weeds. Experiments were performed in the laboratory to study the sorption of isoxaflutole in five different soils (Moorhead, MN; East Monroe, CO; Ellendale, MN; South Deerfield, MA; and Chelsea, MI) using the batch equilibration technique. Total initial isoxaflutole solution concentrations for each soil were 0.05, 0.15, 0.3. 0.8, 1.5, 2.0 and 4.0 mg litre⁻¹. Analysis of [ring-¹⁴C] isoxaflutole was performed using liquid scintillation counting, and sorption data were fitted with the Freundlich model. Isotherms of isoxaflutole in all the soils were non-linear as depicted by the exponent (n < 1.0), indicating differential distribution of sorption site energies in various soils. Since the isotherms were non-linear the data fit Freundlich's isotherm well, as was indicated by high values of the regression coefficient (r²). The Freundlich sorption coefficient ranged from 0.555 to 50.0 (litre ⁿmg ^l−nkg⁻¹). Multiple regression of the sorption constant, K_F against selected soil properties indicated that organic matter content was the best single predictor of isoxaflutole sorption (r² = 0.999) followed by soil pH (r² = 0.954). Clay content of the soils did not have a high correlation with K_F values (r² = 0.453), while the sorption of isoxaflutole was not influenced by the Ca²⁺ concentration in the soil solution. Isoxaflutole sorption increased with an increase in organic matter content of soils. Sorption of isoxaflutole decreased as the soil pH increased from 4.5 to 8.5, which was depicted by the reduction of K_F values. Sorption of isoxaflutole to the soils varied with differences in binding energies. At a particular net energy value (E*), the corresponding site energy distribution [F(E*)] values followed the order, Chelsea, MI > Moorhead, MN > East Monroe, CO > South Deerfield, MA > Ellendale, MN. The negative magnitude of Gibbs free energy of sorption (ΔG ^x) indicates the spontaneity of the given sorption process in the soils from Moorhead, MN; East Monroe, CO and Chelsea, MI. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

基于主成分分析和Copula函数的灌溉水利用系数影响因素研究

以新疆生产建设兵团第十二师中型灌区为研究对象,采用首尾法测算2018年和2019年4个样点灌区的灌溉水利用系数,在采用主成分分析法对指标体系降维处理的基础上,用Copula函数构建PCA-Copula评价分析方法,对灌溉水利用系数各影响因素的影响程度和影响规律进行计算分析。结果表明：两年测算数据表明,4个样点灌区灌溉水利用系数都在0.63以上,且最大值达到0.668,分别高于同期全疆、全国平均水平5.05%、10.15%;主成分分析得出,渠道衬砌率（0.944）、滴灌灌溉面积比（0.746）、作物需水量（0.635）、实际灌溉面积（0.734）等都具有超过60%的正贡献率,而葡萄种植比（-0.586）和灌区毛灌溉用水量（-0.645）等具有超过58%的负贡献率。利用PCA-Copula分析评估方法得出,作物种植比例和节水灌溉工程状况对十二师中型灌区灌溉水有效利用系数影响显著（P<0.05）,其中葡萄净灌溉定额和灌区毛灌溉用水量对灌溉水有效利用系数的影响极其显著（P<0.01）,相关系数分别为0.875、0.742,同时利用Spearman等级相关系数检验法和线型回归来检验PCA-Copula评价法与熵值法的密切程度,检验结果其相关系数分别为 0.87（P＜0.05）和0. 52（P＜0.001）,表明PCA-Copula评价方法适用于研究灌溉水利用系数影响因素。     

烟气扩散与环境绿化的探讨

本文以陕西某一火力发电厂为例,通过高斯公式对SO_2扩散着地最大浓度和最大浓度距离的计算及探讨,为工业卫生防护林带绿化位置设计和环境保护提供一定的理论依据。     

中药防治犬猫急性肾衰竭模型试验

为了研究中药对犬猫急性肾衰竭的防治效果,选择SD雄性大鼠,在用甘油成功复制急性肾衰竭模型的同时,进行了尿量、BUN、CREA、脏器系数的测定,结果说明本药方对于急性肾功能衰竭具有明显改善作用。     

不同灌水量对温室甜瓜生长和生理特性的影响

以"一品天下208" 甜瓜为试验品种,在日光温室内进行了灌溉试验,采用20蒸发皿的日水面蒸发量为灌溉水量控制指标,设置了不同蒸发量系数(K_p=0.45;0.6;0.75;0.9)的供水处理,探求不同灌溉水量对温室甜瓜生理指标、形态指标和光合生理指标的影响.结果表明:温室内外温度的变化趋势基本相似,温室内的温度能够满足甜瓜的正常生长.不同处理的灌溉水量比值始终为T1:T2:T3:T4=0.45:0.6:0.75:0.9;从甜瓜的株高、茎粗、总生物量、根冠比等指标综合分析,采用T2(K_p=0.6)处理均优于其它水分处理,且根冠比也处于一个较高的水平;叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量均以T2处理最高;各处理的细胞液浓度的变化呈单峰曲线,不同处理的叶片细胞液浓度表现为T1>T2>T3>T4处理.结果表明:采用T2处理的灌溉模式有利于甜瓜在获得较高产量的前提下降低灌溉用水量.     

秩相关系数法评价渭南市1985～2003年生态安全变化趋势

用秩相关系数法再分析了前人报道的渭南市1985～2003生态足迹和生态安全变化趋势,发现19年间渭南市生态足迹具有显著上升趋势,生态安全具有显著下降趋势,表明该市生态可持续发展能力受到严重挑战。     

Comparative Evaluation of Inductively Coupled Plasma–Atomic Emission Spectroscopy and Colorimetric Methods for Determining Hot-Water-Extractable Boron in Soils

Frequency of boron (B) deficiency is increasing in rainfed systems, and hence there is a need to diagnose the deficiency. Colorimetric methods are still widely used in soil-testing laboratories in India for measuring B. Little information is available on the comparative evaluation of the colorimetric and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) methods for determining extractable B in soils. We describe results of the comparative evaluation of these methods for measuring extractable B in 57 soil samples with pH values ranging from 5.3 to 9.5. There was a significant correlation between B values determined by the two methods, and the correlation coefficient was greater for soil samples with pH in the neutral to alkaline range. Interaction between soil samples and methods (ICP or colorimetric) was significant except for soil samples in the pH range of 8.0 to 9.5. Precision for B determination was greater with the ICP than with the colorimetric method.     

Residual Nitrogen Effects in Organically Cultivated Beetroot Following a Harvested/Green Manured Grass-Clover Ley

ABSTRACT

The residual nitrogen (N) effect on beetroot following harvested grass-clover (H-ley) or corresponding twice-cut green manure (GM-ley) was compared with a barley control. The residual N at beetroot harvest, calculated as N in beetroot crop and mineral N in the 0–90 cm soil layer, was 83 kg ha^?1 for the GM-ley when barley was set to zero. The effect of GM-ley exceeded that of 3H-ley (3 harvests) by 74 kg N ha^?1 and 2H-ley (2 harvests) by 42 kg N ha^?1. Prediction of residual effects was studied using a model with a humification coefficient (hc) of 0.35 and another with different hc values for different plant materials. The former gave the best fit to observed data in regression analysis. The latter gave the best fit to observed data in absolute values. The residual N effect of GM biomass from summer cuttings corresponded to 40–70% of the potential effect.     

硼在土壤中的吸附-解吸及其对植物吸收硼的影响

本文对湖北省几种主要旱地土壤进行了硼的吸附－解吸实验,同时对这些土壤上油菜幼苗吸收硼进行了试验,并用Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ和Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ等温吸附方程对实验结果进行了拟合。从中发现,一些土壤硼的解吸存在着明显的滞后解吸现象,这种现象可用滞后系数来定性描述。