The role of neurokinin A and its receptor in the regulation of prolactin secretion by the anterior pituitary of cyclic pigs

In pigs, plasma prolactin concentration markedly changes during the oestrous cycle and the regulation of its secretion is very complex. The contribution of neurokinins in this process has not been sufficiently delineated. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of neurokinin A (NKA) on prolactin synthesis and secretion in cyclic gilts. The expression of NKA precursor (Ppta) and receptor (Tacr2) genes as well as NKA and TACR proteins content in the porcine pituitaries (days 2–3, 9–10, 12–13, 15–16 and 19–20 of the cycle) was determined. Furthermore, the in vitro influence of NKA on the expression of prolactin (Prl), dopamine receptor (D2r), TRH receptor (Trhr) genes and prolactin secretion by the porcine pituitary cells (days 9–10, 15–16 and 19–20 of the cycle) was assessed. The expression of Ppta and Tacr2 as well as NKA and TACR proteins in the pituitary tissue has been changing throughout the oestrous cycle. NKA affected in vitro the expression of studied genes and prolactin secretion depending on the stage of the cycle, dose of NKA and/or duration of the cell incubation. Altogether, the study indicates that NKA is engaged in the modulation of prolactin secretion in the pig during the oestrous cycle.     

肉仔鸡体内锌和维生素A互作效应初探

本研究以艾维因肉仔鸡为模型 ,采用2×3(VA×Zn)实验设计来探讨肉仔鸡体内锌对维生素A代谢的影响。锌的添加量为0 ,40mg/kg和160mg/kg;维生素A的添加量为1500IU/kg 和8800IU/kg。结果证明在肉仔鸡体内锌对动员肝脏维生素A入血有重要作用 ;日粮锌和维生素A水平对血清维生素A浓度有互补作用。锌、维生素A及其交互作用对各脏器的锌沉积有不同程度的影响     

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza A virus infection associated with respiratory signs in sloth bears (Melursus ursinus)

In 2009, a pandemic influenza A virus (pH1N1) spread globally in humans and infected a broad range of captive animals with close human contact. In February 2014, a pH1N1 virus was isolated from a sloth bear with respiratory signs at a US zoo, demonstrating that recurring epidemics present an ongoing threat to animals, including threatened species. This is the first report of pH1N1 infection in sloth bears. To understand the sloth bear virus within the global context of pH1N1, phylogenetic trees were inferred including full‐length sequences from available non‐human, non‐swine hosts, representing four families in the order Carnivora and one order of birds. A combination of phylogenetic and epidemiological evidence strongly suggests the sloth bear was infected with a human‐origin pH1N1 virus, supporting the implementation of biosecurity measures to protect human and animal health.     

藏野驴与家驴血清同工酶的比较研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对藏野驴与家驴４种血清同工酶进行比较研究。结果发现，除ＬＤＨ同工酶以外，藏野驴与家驴的酯酶、淀粉酶和碱性磷酸酶酶谱都有颇大的差异。     

不同猪种5-羟色胺受体基因的表达及其与肉质的相关性分析

为研究5-羟色胺（5-HT）受体基因在不同猪种的表达及其与肉质的关系,试验选取淳安花猪与杜长大三元猪各12头,同时饲喂,达上市体重时分别屠宰,测定胴体、肉质性状及肌肉、脂肪中的5-HT受体基因表达量。结果表明：淳安花猪、杜长大三元猪的平均屠宰体重分别为88.1、102.4kg;淳安花猪的板油率、背膘厚、肌内脂肪等指标均显著高于杜长大三元猪（P〈0.05）;屠宰率、眼肌面积杜长大三元猪显著高于淳安花猪（P〈0.05）。5-HT2A、5-HT7受体基因在2个猪种脂肪组织中的表达量均显著高于肌肉组织（P〈0.05）,杜长大三元猪的肌肉中5-HT2A、5-HT7表达量显著低于淳安花猪（P〈0.05）,而脂肪中表达量两猪种间差异不显著。5-HT2A、5-HT7受体基因表达量与屠宰肉质指标之间基本呈负相关,尤其是肌肉中的5-HT2A表达量,呈较强负相关（杜长大三元猪）或显著负相关（淳安花猪）。研究初步认为,5-HT受体基因在中外猪种之间存在表达差异,并与屠宰肉质性状具有相关性。     

不同刺激剂PHA和ConA对绒山羊淋巴细胞有丝分裂中期化的影响

试验旨在探索使较高比例的淋巴细胞富集在有丝分裂G2/M期的最佳条件。运用植物血凝素(PHA)和刀豆蛋白A(ConA)对淋巴细胞进行刺激使其增殖,培养一定时间后加秋水仙素对淋巴细胞进行同步化处理,用流式细胞仪检测G2/M期的细胞数量进行比对,观察试剂的最佳作用浓度和加秋水仙素的最佳时间。结果表明,采用PHA和ConA刺激淋巴细胞增殖的最佳作用浓度是60和5 μg/mL,且淋巴细胞经ConA刺激培养45 h再加秋水仙素处理5 h G2期的比例最高为58.38%。结果提示,就绒山羊的淋巴细胞来说,ConA刺激绒山羊淋巴细胞增殖的效果比PHA好,且摸索出细胞G2/M期的时间点至关重要。     

重组牛皮蝇素A蛋白的免疫试验

用由毕赤酵母表达的皮蝇素A（Hypdermin A，HA）蛋白分别免疫新西兰大白兔和牦牛，了解该蛋白免疫效果。用两种不同分子量的重组HA蛋白分别免疫新西兰大白兔1次和2次，ELISA测其抗体消长规律。结果表明，3周后抗体水平达到峰值，后缓慢下降。50KD蛋白免疫效果较30KD蛋白好，差异非常显著（P〈0．01）。用其中50KD的重组HA蛋白分别在7月和9月免疫自然感染牛皮蝇蛆病牦牛，观察感染率和感染强度，ELISA测其抗体消长规律。结果表明，7月免疫组与9月免疫组感染率分别为83．3％和36．3％（对照组为55．5％）；平均感染强度分别为6．5和4．2（对照组为13．0），差异不显著（P〉0．05）。免疫后，抗体水平上升，3个月后缓慢下降。9月免疫组免疫效果较7月免疫组好，三组抗体水平差异非常显著（P〈0．01）。上述研究结果为防治牛皮蝇蛆病疫苗的深入研究和实践运用提供了参考依据。     

转基因冰草植株耐盐性研究

以转P5CSF129A基因的冰草属(Agropyron Gaertn)阳性植株(97#、19#、66#)和阴性植株为材料,测定叶片脯氨酸含量、相对含水量、质膜透性和K⁺/Na⁺比值4项耐盐指标。结果表明:转基因植株的脯氨酸含量明显高于阴性植株,说明P5CSF129A基因已经在冰草转化植株体内表达,提高了转基因植株的耐盐性;其它耐盐指标的结果也证明转基因冰草植株的耐盐性高于对照植株。对转基因植株和阴性植株的耐盐能力综合评定结果是97#>19#>66#>阴性植株。     

泰乐菌素组份转化机制的研究

泰乐菌素发酵过程中,ＰＨ值的控制及豆油的补加量对组份的转化存在显著影响。研究结果表明,在转化阶段当ＰＨ值控制在适当范围内,对不菌素效价影响不大,但可大大提高泰乐菌素Ａ的含量;同时在发酵中期及转化前这一阶段补加适量豆油,不仅可使效价逐步提高,还中明显促进大菌Ｃ向泰乐菌素Ａ的转化。