The Effect of R Factor Transfer on Bacterial Growth Rates an in Vitro Study

It has been studied whether R factor transfer had an inhibitory effect on the growth rate of Escherichia coli in mixed cultivation. A total of 39 antibiotic resistant E. coli strains were grown together with E. coli K12 W 3132 as prospective recipient. Thirteen crosses turned out successfully. When comparing generation times for these crosses with those of negative crosses no difference could be demonstrated. This, however, does not exclude that R factor transfer impairs bacterial growth capacity at a level which can not be detected in a short-term experiment.     

水稻物质生产特性及其与产量的关系研究

以汕优63、Ⅱ优162、Ⅱ优419、K18A/149和65002为材料,在云南省涛源乡、宾川县和杭州市富阳县进行试验,分析了水稻高产的物质生长特性,并比较了不同环境下物质生长特性的差异及原因。结果表明:云南涛源和宾川产量分别比杭州高80%和66%,导致云南产量较高的主要原因是生物产量较高。生物产量差异主要在幼穗分化以后,尤其是灌浆结实期。在云南生态条件下,中后期能容纳较高的叶面积系数(LAI),群体生长速率(CGR)较高,使花后物质生产量大,且花后物质运转量也较高。     

辽宁营口沿海产业基地民兴河盐碱土对3种引进草种耐盐性的影响

为了确定辽宁省营口沿海产业基地民兴河盐碱地特性,筛选适宜草种,进行盐碱地综合开发和利用.分析测定该地区不同季节不同土层各离子含量,配制土壤盐溶液,测定3种引进草种(NHC牧草、RWW麦草、WAFG 硷草)在不同盐浓度处理下的生理指标.结果显示:该地区土壤含盐量随季节和土层变化而变化,0～60 cm土层,春季含盐量1.42%～1.11%,夏季含盐量1.32%～0.62%.土壤Na 、Cl-与盐度相关系数分别为0.984、0.950,该地区土壤为NaCl型盐土.不同盐处理下, NHC牧草发芽率、种子α-淀粉酶活性、可溶性糖含量、鲜重、成活率均显著高于其他2种试材.NHC牧草萌发的临介土壤盐浓度为200 mmol/L,发芽率为75%,30 d成活率为57%.     

土壤脱湿过程中NaCl胁迫对羊草生长和矿质元素吸收的影响

用不同盐分浓度的NaCl中性盐对羊草进行胁迫,探讨在土壤脱湿过程中,NaCl胁迫对羊草生长和矿质元素吸收分配的影响。结果表明,当土壤溶液NaCl浓度小于125mmol/L(土壤总盐小于o．34％)时,盐分胁迫对羊草株高、根长、干物质积累量和相对生长率(RGR)无显著影响,且根系的钾钠吸收选择性和运输选择性随盐度处理水平的增加而增强。但当NaCl浓度超过225mmol/L(土壤总盐大于0．53％)后,其株高、根长、干物质积累量和相对生长率(RGR)随盐度增加而显著降低(P＜0．05),根系的钾钠吸收选择性和运输选择性也随盐度处理水平的增加而逐渐减弱。NaCl胁迫条件下,羊草对K、Ca的比吸收率(SAR)降低,茎叶K、Ca含量随盐度的增加显著减少(P＜0．05),Na、Cl含量则均随盐度的增加而显著提高,植株K／Na降低。羊草茎叶的盐分离子(Na^ 、Cl^-)含量与相对生长率(RGR)之间呈显著的负相关关系。     

Effects of Supplementing a Basal Diet of Chloris gayana Hay with One of Three Protein-rich Legume Hays of Cassia rotundifolia,Lablab purpureus and Macroptilium atropurpureum Forage on Some Nutritional Parameters in Goats

Growth and digestibility experiments were conducted on growing East African type goats offered Chloris gayana hay supplemented with one of three high-protein (119–128 g CP/kg DM) legume hays, Cassia rotundifolia (cassia), Lablab purpureus (lablab) or Macroptilium atropurpureum (siratro), and crushed maize to investigate the feed intake, digestibility, growth and urinary excretion of purine derivatives. Goats in the supplemented groups had higher total dry matter and nitrogen intakes and higher N retention and body mass gains than unsupplemented counterparts. The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and neutral detergent fibre were increased by protein supplementation. Animals on supplemented diets had higher fractional outflow rates of particulate matter from the rumen. The production of protein by ruminal microbes and the efficiency of microbial N production were increased by supplementation. It was concluded that a mixture of low-quality grass hay (61.9 CP/kg DM) and either cassia, lablab or siratro hay, and maize grain can provide a productive balanced diet for growing goats.     

Presence of cervical vertebral malformation in Dobermann puppies and the effects of diet and growth rate

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between diet, growth rate and the presence of caudal cervical malformation in Doberman puppies. DESIGN: A prospective study of 15 Dobermann puppies from three unrelated litters, aged from 0 to 16 weeks. PROCEDURE: The growth rate in terms of body weight gain and increase in ulna length were measured weekly for all puppies. In addition the nutritional quality of the diets was assessed. Radiographs of the cervical spine were taken at 6 and between 12 and 16 weeks of age and examined for the presence of caudal cervical vertebral malformation. A mixed model for repeated measures data was used to investigate the relationship between the growth rate of the puppies and the fixed effects age, dam, diet, gender and presence of caudal cervical malformation. RESULTS: Five of the puppies had changes consistent with caudal cervical malformation. The diets fed were either balanced or transiently deficient in protein, calcium, phosphorus and/or magnesium. There was no significant association between growth rate and the variables dam, gender and the presence of caudal cervical vertebral malformation. There was no significant association between diet and increase in ulna length, but a trend existed between body weight gain and the feeding of a balanced diet (P = 0.0672). CONCLUSION: Caudal cervical vertebral changes can be detected radiographically as early as 6 weeks of age in some Dobermann puppies. A balanced diet and growth rate are not significant factors in its initial development.     

Detection of cigarettes and other tobacco products by giant African pouched rats (Cricetomys gambianus)

If the illicit tobacco trade were eliminated, governments could gain at least $31.3 billion a year, and more than 164,000 premature deaths a year could be avoided after 2030 (Joossens, Merriman, Ross, and Raw, 2009). Dogs have been used successfully in tobacco control programs, and there is a good chance that rats could also play an important role. In the present experiment, giant African pouched rats were trained to respond to filters that had been stored together with cigarettes (i.e., soaked) and to not respond to filters that had been soaked with noncigarette items. Generalization to untrained types of tobacco was then tested. The sensitivity of 4 rats trained on filters soaked with 1 of 7 types of cigarettes ranged from 86% to 100% (mean, 95%). There was very little evidence of generalization when the rats were tested on tobacco leaves and snuff but good evidence of generalization when the rats were tested on cigarettes that had been soaked with strong-smelling additives. These findings suggest that rats may be a valuable asset in the global effort to control illicit cigarette trade.     

容积率对地价的影响及修正系数的确定--以南京市六合区为例

容积率是评价地价的重要指标,它对地区的经济发展有很大的影响。为此,通过对容积率内涵的挖掘,分析了容积率影响地价的几个主要方面;结合南京市六合区本次基准地价更新的调查资料,从样点地价的容积率修正和基准地价的容积率修正两个方面对容积率修正系数进行了分析。     

EFFECT OF OBSERVER VARIABILITY ON GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE MEASUREMENT BY RENAL SCINTIGRAPHY IN DOGS

Observer variation in kidney depth measurement for correction of soft-tissue attenuation and kidney region of interest (ROI) drawing was evaluated using 60 clinical dogs with a wide range of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for their effect on the calculated percentage uptake of 99mTc-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) and individual kidney GFR by scintigraphy. Kidney depth was measured separately on the lateral image using two color tables: a threshold and a continuous red-green-blue. Within-observer variability of the semi-automatic ROI drawing of the estimated total GFR was up to 10% for the right kidney (RK) and 9% for the left kidney (LK). The variability was lower between observers, 6% for RK and 8% for LK. Manual ROI drawing caused more within observer variation than semi-automatic: up to 14% for RK and 11% for LK. Continuous red-green-blue table caused more variation within and between observers than threshold table. Average within-observer variability from both observers of kidney depth measurement on different color tables could vary up to 5.5% and 6.5% variation of the GFR of RK and LK, respectively. Most variation affecting the DTPA percentage uptake came from the ROI drawing technique. Variations of the method because of the effects of both kidney depth and kidney ROI drawing were up to 8% and 10% for RK and LK, respectively. To minimize these variations a threshold scale should be used for the kidney depth measurement and an automatic or semi-automatic ROI should be used whenever possible. In sequential examinations the same person should make all the measurements.