运动发酵单胞耐酸菌株的诱变筛选及发酵条件的优化

通过对运动发酵单胞菌原始菌株(ZM6)的耐酸驯化、紫外诱变、小型初筛和复筛,获得一株耐酸突变菌株ZM6-3-2.通过突变菌株与出发菌株以及酵母发酵性能的比较表明,ZM6-3-2的发酵蔗汁性能显著优于ZM6菌株和工业生产乙醇的酵母,其最终乙醇质量浓度为56.64 g.L-1,比ZM6菌株的52.18 g.L-1提高了4.46 g.L-1,而且最终乙醇质量浓度、总糖出酒率、总糖利用率均比酵母高出约10%.通过正交试验对该耐酸菌株的发酵培养基进行优化并进行验证,发现含250 g.L-1总糖、10 g.L-1酵母膏、2 g.L-1KH2PO4、0.5 g.L-1(NH4)2SO4、1 g.L-1MgSO4.7H2O,pH 5.5的培养基最有利于ZM6-3-2的发酵,发酵时间短,产乙醇多.     

石楠褐斑病菌的生物学特性研究

为给石楠褐斑病的有效防治提供理论依据,采用菌丝生长速率法和悬滴法,对影响石楠褐斑病菌菌株CE08菌丝生长和病原菌分生孢子萌发的条件进行了研究.结果表明:最适合CE08菌丝生长的培养基为PSA,最适温度为25℃,最适宜pH值7～8;菌丝对葡萄糖和硝酸钾利用效果最好;最适合病菌分生孢子萌发的温度为30℃,最适pH值6～7,...     

悬浮培养红豆杉细胞分裂同步化诱导

分别采用低温和咖啡因对红豆杉（Ｔａｘｕｓ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）细胞进行处理,诱导细胞分裂同步化。结果显示,４℃处理２４ｈ效果最好,分裂指数提高１１５．７％,χ＾２＝１６．８２０,显著性极高。８℃处理一定时间分裂指数也可显著提高。而１５℃处理效果最差。用高浓度的咖啡因处理较短时间也可有效诱导同步化。     

凡纳滨对虾低盐度养殖池浮游藻类群落研究

在44口凡纳滨对虾低盐度养殖池中共鉴定藻类7门62属113种,蓝藻26种,绿藻54种,硅藻14种,裸藻11种,隐藻3种,甲藻4种,金藻1种。绿藻门种类最多,占藻类种类数的47·8%,其次为蓝藻门占23·0%,硅藻占12·4%,裸藻占9·7%。优势种主要为蓝藻,典型优势种有螺旋藻(Spirulinasp.),假鱼腥藻(Pseudoanabaenasp.),弯形尖头藻(Raphidiopsis curvata),针状蓝纤维藻(Dactylococcopsis acicularis)等,其中螺旋藻的优势度平均达到50%,为主要优势种。常见的绿藻有栅藻(Scenedesmusp.),衣藻(Chlamydomonassp.),小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)等;常见的硅藻为梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghinian),卵形隐藻(Cryptomonas ovata)、啮蚀隐藻(C.erosa)和绿裸藻(Euglenavirdis)在虾池中比较常见。养殖池中浮游藻类的种类数平均为43±9种,多样性指数平均为2·19±0·56,个体数量平均为1·45±0·87×108个/L;藻类的种类、数量及生物量表现为养殖前期低后期高的特征,而多样性表现相反,藻类的组成直接影响对虾的生长。     

小麦组织培养体细胞胚胎的次生胚状体发生研究

本研究首次通过幼胚和成熟胚培养，对小麦体细胞胚胎的次生胚状体发生潜力进行了探讨。结果表明，幼胚培养效益显著优于成熟胚，主要体现为成熟胚外植体存在严重的难以克服的微生物污染难题，其平均污染率达50％以上，而幼胚仅为0．97％。同时．叶状体化愈伤组织发生率和植株再生率．幼胚极显著高于成熟胚（P〈0．001）。对愈伤组织再分化培养物的组织学切片观察发现，成熟胚愈伤组织的细胞大、多呈长形或不规则形、胞质稀薄或空囊状、胞间排列松散，没有明显的分生组织区；而幼胚愈伤组织的细胞小、多圆形、胞质浓密、染色深、胞间排列紧密、具有明显的分生组织区，能分化形成体细胞胚胎，并且还发现材料“Fan-33”具有体细胞胚胎的次生体细胞胚胎发生潜力。这种优异的体细胞无性克隆特性，对优化小麦遗传转化系统，提高转基因工程效率具有重要意义。     

Outdoor phytoplankton continuous culture in a marine fish–phytoplankton–bivalve integrated system: combined effects of dilution rate and ambient conditions on growth rate, biomass and nutrient cycling

Natural phytoplankton populations were cultured in outdoor continuous cultures using fish-farm effluents as the source of nutrients. The dilution rate was assumed to be the integrating factor of phytoplankton growth and biomass development (flux and stock). In this context, the combined effects of (i) dilution rates of the outdoor culture and (ii) ambient conditions were tested on phytoplankton growth, biomass and cycling of the major nutrient elements (C, N and P). Experiments were carried out in outdoor polyester tanks (0.7 m deep), homogenised by gentle aeration. Si/P ratio was balanced at around 5 in the inflow in order to induce diatom domination while maintaining high N and P assimilation by phytoplankton. Nutrient cycling was assessed through analyses of the different forms of particulate and dissolved nutrients in the inflow and the outflow. Culture dilution rates determined the longevity of the culture and the assimilation efficiency of nutrients. Dissolved phosphorus was the most limiting nutrient. The optimal dilution rate was approximately 0.5 day⁻¹ at 10 °C and 1.5 day⁻¹ at 20 °C with a mean diatom biomass of 9 μM P. Under these conditions, 80% of the dissolved nutrients provided to the tanks were transformed, a production of 8 g C m⁻² day⁻¹ and an assimilation rate of 0.3 g P m⁻² day⁻¹ were recorded. Assimilation by diatoms was the major pathway of nutrient cycling. During the experiment, a bottom sediment developed progressively and this also played an important role in denitrifying the excess dissolved nitrogen in the fish-farm effluent. However, the results showed that diatom biomass can collapse and we hypothesize that this was the consequence of an increase in cellular sinking rates due to cell aggregation under nutrient or light stress. Modelling approaches are needed in future research in order to determine optimal dilution rates taking into account phytoplankton growth rates, nutrient inputs and ambient conditions (e.g. light and temperature).     

鱼类精原干细胞的研究进展

鱼类精原干细胞是鱼类精子发生的起始细胞,是一群具有自我更新和分化潜能的细胞.其独具的生物学特性,使其在干细胞生物学、遗传资源保存和转基因动物等研究领域具有重要价值.就鱼类精原干细胞的生物学特性、培养鉴定、分化潜能、移植和冷冻保存方面做一简要综述,以期为精原干细胞的研究提供借鉴.     

库拉索芦荟的组织培养和快速繁殖

以库拉索芦荟（Aloe veraL)茎段为外植体，MS培养基配以不同浓度的IBA，NAA和6-BA进行离体组织培养，结果表明，以MS 6-BA4mg/L NAA0.2mg/L培养基对芽的诱导效果最佳，芽的诱导分化率最高，且试管苗健壮，整齐；增殖培养基以MS 6-BA3mg/L NAA0.2mg/L效果最佳，既有利于芽苗增殖，又有利于芽苗长高；生根培养基用1/2MS NAA0.5mg/L效果最好，可在2周内长根。     

外源一氧化氮对盐胁迫下辣椒种子萌发和幼苗生理的影响

研究了0.1～2 mmol/L外源一氧化氮供体硝普钠(SNP)处理对100 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下辣椒种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响.结果表明:0.1～0.3 mmol/L SNP处理对缓解NaCl胁迫伤害的效果较好,可明显提高盐胁迫下辣椒种子发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数,其中0.3 mmol/L SNP处理可显著降低种子MDA含量,促进脯氨酸积累;0.1 mmol/L SNP处理可明显减缓NaCl胁迫下辣椒幼苗叶片质膜相对透性的增加,提高幼苗根系活力.     

甘蓝型黄籽油菜子叶离体培养初报

以甘蓝型油菜黄籽双单倍体品系04K91为供试材料,以无菌苗子叶为离体培养外植体,考察了苗龄（7d、10d、13d）与外植体部位及大小（带柄子叶、1/4子叶片、1/8子叶片和子叶柄切段）对芽再生频率的影响。方差分析结果表明,苗龄对芽再生频率有显著影响,外植体对芽再生频率有极显著影响,而苗龄×外植体对芽再生频率影响不显著。多重比较结果表明,以7d苗龄无菌苗的带柄子叶或1/4子叶片为外植体较好,出芽率较高,达90%以上。