缢蛏稚贝饵料和底质的研究

给缢蛏稚贝投以三角褐指藻加钙质角毛藻和叉鞭金藻加钙质角毛藻的饵料效果最佳，稚贝不但生长快(日平均增长壳长82微米)，而且存活率也高(90％)。饵料投放密度为：在培养第1-4天，2．5万个-5万个／毫升；第5-8天，每天增加至10万个／毫升左右；第9天后，可增至20万个／毫升。在稚贝培育初期宜在水底投放细砂或泥质砂，随着稚贝的生长发育，逐渐增加底质中泥土的比例，这样可提高育苗成活率。     

海水鱼类室内育苗与室外育苗对比试验

为建立一套海水鱼类人工育苗技术,分别采用室内水泥池、室外对虾高位池以及室内水泥池与室外对虾高位池相结合的育苗方法进行美国红鱼、花尾胡椒鲷等鱼类人工育苗试验。结果表明:室内水泥池育苗成活率为11%～98 8%,室外对虾高位池育苗成活率最高为6%,室内外相结合育苗的成活率为37 5%～73%。采用前期室内人工培育,幼苗体长约10mm移到室外对虾高位池培育,既可提高育苗成活率,又可降低育苗成本,是目前值得推广的育苗方法。     

褐藻酸降解菌的筛选及其生长条件

采用安藤芳明选择性培养基从自然发病明显的海带幼苗上分离出8株褐藻酸降解菌。研究表明，8株菌能够不同程度地降解褐藻酸钠，菌株A1和A2表现出较强的降解能力，接种1d后液体培养基即变清。温度是该菌大量繁殖的决定性因子，其生长的最适温度为20℃，最适pH7.5。褐藻酸钠质量分数为0.5％-0.6％时，不同氮源和碳源对菌体生长的影响不同，其中有机氮和铵态氮有利于菌体生长，尿素和硝酸钠抑制菌体生长；只有在培养基中含有褐藻酸钠时，菌体才能正常生长。     

方格星虫中培苗对温度、盐度和干露的耐受性试验

研究了方格星虫中培苗对盐度突变、温度突变和盐度渐变、温度渐变及干露的耐受性。试验结果表明,方格星虫中培苗耐受盐度的范围比较广泛,为10~45,适宜的盐度为15~40;适宜温度为15~30℃,对低温有较强的耐受力。方格星虫中培苗在低温保湿干露48h未发生死亡,大量死亡集中在72~96h。根据试验结果可知,方格星虫中培苗对环境的适应性较强,耐温、耐盐范围较广,且具有较强的耐干露能力,便于苗种运输。     

Mass Production of Freshwater Rotifer,Brachionus calyciflorus,Under Different Diets and Regimes

ABSTRACT

The production ability of freshwater rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus, cultured with two algal species, Chlorella vulgaris, and Spirulina platensis, and a baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, were studied using semicontinuous culture method. B. calyciflorus was fed with the above three types of food at five different concentrations (125, 250, 500,750, and 1,000 μg/mL). Among the three different types of diet, maximum production of B. calyciflorus (489.20 ±10.91 individuals/mL; P < 0.05) was obtained with C. vulgaris, followed by S. cerevisiae, and S. platensis. Moreover, in each of the three diets, the maximum rotifer production was obtained at a particular concentration (C. vulgaris, 750 μg/mL; S. cerevisiae, 750 μg/mL; and S. platensis, 500 μg/mL) beyond which the rotifer production decreased. The peak production due to C. vulgaris (489 individuals/mL) was better than S. cerevisiae (321 individuals/mL) when the number of rotifers was considered. The present study indicates that the quantity and quality of food have a significant role on the rotifer production and that C. vulgaris at 750 μg/mL appears suitable to feed to rotifers for maximal production.     

大西洋鲑循环水养殖水体异养细菌组成的研究

采集养殖池水样,选取Zobell 2216E琼脂培养基、溶菌肉汤琼脂培养基、硫代硫酸盐柠檬酸盐胆盐蔗糖琼脂培养基、脑心浸液琼脂培养基、胰蛋白胨大豆琼脂培养基、营养琼脂培养基6种常见固体培养基进行细菌分离培养,以平板菌落计数法和菌落外观形态特征辨别及16SrRNA基因测序方法进行异养菌计数和种类组成分析。结果显示:(1)养殖池水体异养菌可分为4大类,分别属于变形菌门(包括α-、γ-变形菌纲)、厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门,其中以γ-变形菌纲为优势菌群。按属分类大多为假交替单胞菌属和弧菌属。(2)不同培养基分离菌落数量2216E培养基溶菌肉汤琼脂培养基胰蛋白胨大豆琼脂培养基脑心浸液琼脂培养基营养琼脂培养基硫代硫酸盐柠檬酸盐胆盐蔗糖琼脂培养基,且2216E培养基菌落数极显著高于其余5种培养基(P0.01);2216E培养基所分离细菌的种类最多,分属于12个属,假交替单胞菌属为优势类群,占比50%,弧菌属仅占3.13%;脑心浸液琼脂培养基、溶菌肉汤琼脂培养基、胰蛋白胨大豆琼脂培养基所分离细菌均以弧菌属为优势菌群,分别占33.33%、60%、25%;硫代硫酸盐柠檬酸盐胆盐蔗糖琼脂培养基所分离细菌仅分属于1个属,即弧菌属;营养琼脂培养基无弧菌,但有假单胞菌分离出。     

光合细菌配合面包酵母与藻粉培养轮虫的实验

以面包酵母与一定量螺旋藻粉培养褶皱臂尾轮虫的过程中，添加光合细菌液进行实验。结果表明：光合细菌作为辅助性饵料，对轮虫的生长具有明显特殊的促进作用。4组实验显示：投喂适宜量光合细菌轮虫增殖明显加快，但与光合细菌添加量的增加不完全呈正比关系；投喂光合细菌新鲜培养液与老培养液轮虫增殖效果相近；投喂光合细菌只能作为辅助性饵料。当配合酵母、藻粉培育轮虫时，3者在饵料上起到了良好的互补作用，培养效果最佳。     

湛江等鞭金藻培养基和培养方法的优化

在室内采用正交试验的方法,对湛江等鞭金藻(Isochrysis zhanjiangensis)氮、磷、铁、碳、维生素B1、维生素B12等主要营养成分进行了优化,获得了以天然海水为基础的优化培养基:NaNO3 60mg/L,KH2PO4 4mg/L,FeC6H5O7 0.5mg/L,NaHCO3 1.0g/L,维生素B1 150μg/L,维生素B12 200 ng/L.试验结果表明,使用优化培养基培养湛江等鞭金藻具有生长速度快、产量高、成本低的优势.应用微生物流加技术培养湛江等鞭金藻可取得较好效果.     

An artificial oyster‐shell reef for the culture and stock enhancement of sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus,in shallow seawater

Because of its high nutritional value and health benefits, aquaculture production of Apostichopus japonicus in China is the largest of any single species. Therefore, the development of new farming methods is of considerable significance. In this study, discarded oyster shells have been used to create an artificial reef for the culture of this species. The results have shown that from 6th March 2009 to 26th November 2009, the wet weight of sea cucumber increased from 49.57 ± 1.16 to 79.87 ± 1.46 g ind^?1. Between 16th July and 18th October, the specific growth rate and daily weight gain of A. japonicus differed significantly from other periods. Population density was higher within the reef compared with outside the reef area, and the difference was significant (P < 0.01). The maximum distance between A. japonicus individuals within the reef area on 3rd March and 16th July was 65.0 ± 3.3 and 62.9 ± 4.4 cm, respectively, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). The diatom species attached to the oyster shells were similar to those found in the stomach content of A. japonicus. In conclusion, the oyster‐shell reef provides a suitable habitat and shelter for the culture of the sea cucumber, A. japonicus.     

菲律宾蛤仔养殖水体中大肠菌群安全限量的研究

在不同大肠菌群含量的养殖水体中,通过菲律宾蛤仔对大肠菌群的富集研究,发现菲律宾蛤仔对大肠菌群的富集量随着大肠菌群在养殖水体中含量的升高而增大,推导出的富集量公式为y=0.9254x2+17.366x-123.77。参照CAC、91/492/EEC和NSSP的标准,通过相关换算及与国内标准对比,建议菲律宾蛤仔养殖水体中大肠菌群的安全限量定为≤70cfu/100ml,生食菲律宾蛤仔养殖水体中大肠菌群的安全限量定为≤14cfu/100ml。