GDNF对海仁酸损伤体外培养新生大鼠背根神经节神经元的影响

N1无血清培养基原代分离培养新生大鼠背根神经节（dorsal root ganglion DRG)神经元，用兴奋性毒素海仁酸（kainic acidKA)损伤体外培养细胞后，加入胶质源性神经营养因子（glial-derived neurotrophic factor,GDNF)作用。最后通过MTT法检测，细胞总蛋白测定，胎盘兰染色计数，形态学观察等方法研究分析GDNF对兴奋性毒素海仁酸损伤后大鼠DRG神经元的活性，存活及突起生长的影响，结果表明：GDNF对体外正常生长的DRG神经元的存活，活性及突起生长没有明显的促进作用。而在海仁酸损伤后，GDNF对其存活和活性有明显的促进作用。但对突起生长没有明显的影响。     

The 5‐lipoxygenase inhibitor tepoxalin induces oxidative damage and altered PTEN status prior to apoptosis in canine osteosarcoma cell lines

The 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LOX) inhibitor tepoxalin has been shown to slow canine osteosarcoma (OSA) tumour xenografts growth, yet the mechanisms are poorly elucidated. Further examination of tepoxalin in canine OSA cell lines shows that tepoxalin treated cells undergo apoptosis through caspase‐3 activation and annexin staining. Interestingly, apoptosis is superseded by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), as measured by activation of dihydrorhodamine 123 and mitosox. This increase in ROS appears to be related to the 5‐LOX inhibitor regardless of cellular 5‐LOX status, and was not observed after treatment with the tepoxalin metabolite RWJ20142. Additionally, 5‐LOX inhibition by tepoxalin appears to increase phosphatase and tensin (PTEN) homolog activity by preventing its alkylation or oxidation. PTEN modification or inhibition allows phosphoinositide‐3 (PI3) kinase activity thereby heightening activation of protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation. Our data suggest that off target oxidation and LOX inhibition play roles in the apoptotic response.     

桑树试管苗生根因素研究

提高试管苗生根率是桑树快速繁殖的关键因素。本实验调查桑子叶试管苗在各种不同条件下的生根情况，探索桑树试管苗的最佳生根条件。实验表明，以1／2MS＋IBA1或1／4MS＋IBA1为基本培养基，肌醇浓度为0.15-0.3g/l，在光照强度2000LX，光照时间12小时，培养温度28℃的培养条件下，桑试管苗平均生根率可达98％，驯化后移栽的成活率在96％以上。     

外源NO对盐胁迫下沙打旺种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

本研究以沙打旺(Astragalus adsurgens)种子为材料,硝普钠(sodium nitroprusside,SNP)为外源NO供体,测定不同浓度(30、60、90、120、150、200、300μmol·L~(-1))SNP处理盐胁迫(0.3%)下沙打旺的种子萌发和幼苗生长,以此探讨NaCl胁迫下外源NO在沙打旺种子萌发和幼苗生长过程中的生理调节功能。结果表明,沙打旺种子和幼苗经SNP处理后,除300μmol·L~(-1) SNP处理对盐胁迫下沙打旺种子萌发和幼苗生长起到一定的抑制作用外,其余SNP处理组均能不同程度地减缓盐胁迫造成的损伤;60μmol·L~(-1)SNP能显著降低盐胁迫对沙打旺种子造成的伤害(P0.05),该处理下沙打旺种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、胚根长较单盐对照分别提高了54.5%、22.6%、58.2%、112.0%、43.7%,并且接近或略高于空白对照;120μmol·L~(-1)SNP明显减轻了盐对沙打旺幼苗的胁迫(P0.05),沙打旺幼苗叶片叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性分别较单盐对照提高了208.91%、117.565%、40.24%和89.95%,丙二醛含量降低了32.55%。综上所述,适宜浓度的外源NO能够提高盐胁迫下沙打旺种子的萌发,促进幼苗叶绿素的合成,降低丙二醛含量,减少膜脂过氧化产物,保护叶绿体膜的完整性,提高SOD、CAT和POD活性,抑制过氧化物和自由基的积累,加快幼苗生长,从而缓解盐胁迫对沙打旺幼苗的伤害。     

草地早熟禾新格莱德胚性愈伤组织原生质体培养及植株再生的研究

以草地早熟禾品种——新格莱德成熟种子为供试材料,在含3.0mg/L2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)、0.5mg/L6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)的MB₅培养基中进行胚性愈伤组织诱导的培养。并从生长了7～9个月的胚性愈伤组织中分离出原生质体,将该原生质体置于KM₈P培养基(含3.0mg/L2,4-D、0.5mg/L6-BA、100mg/L水解酪蛋白、100mg/L水解乳蛋白、1%蔗糖、0.4mol/L甘露醇)中进行了液体浅层培养。结果表明,新格莱德原生质体在上述KM₈P培养基中培养3d后出现第1次细胞分裂,2～3周后形成小细胞团,此时添加低渗培养液2～3次,小细胞团持续分裂并形成愈伤组织。当愈伤组织块长至3～5mm时,转入固体培养基MS+3.0mg/L2,4-D+0.5mg/L6-BA和MS+0.5mg/L萘乙酸(NAA)+5.0mg/L6-BA上进行培养,使其细胞增殖和分化,且逐步形成完整的植株。     

响应面法优化徐香猕猴桃开放式增殖培养基

为了降低徐香猕猴桃工厂化生产的成本,提高经济效益,探究徐香猕猴桃开放式培养的最适抑菌剂浓度及培养基配方。以现有的无菌材料,采用单因素试验确定增殖培养基因素的添加范围,并利用响应面法进行优化分析。结果表明,徐香猕猴桃开放式组培增殖培养的最优培养基是：MS+3g/L琼脂+20g/L蔗糖+0.1g/L代森锰锌+0.2mg/LNAA+1.5mg/L6-BA,此时增殖系数为6.539,成活率为93.33%。为徐香猕猴桃开放式培养增殖培养工厂化生产提供参考。     

Purified Culture Systems for Bovine Oviductal Stromal Cells

Isolated stromal cells from the ampullary and isthmic parts of bovine oviductal tissues were cultured in monolayer and spheroid (cell aggregate) systems. Prostaglandin F2α (PGF) plays a crucial role in oviductal contraction and is produced by oviductal epithelial cells in cattle. Since stromal cells of many organs produce PGF, PGF production by bovine oviductal stromal cells was investigated. After PGF synthesis was confirmed, the utility of isolation and culture methods for oviductal stromal cells was evaluated by PGF production in the present study. The homogeneity of the cells was > 99%. PGF production of the cells was increased by tumor necrosis factor-α. The stromal cells aggregated and formed a spheroid by the treatments with several reagents. PGF production was higher in the spheroid culture than in the monolayer culture. The isolation and culture methods described here will facilitate studies of the physiological function of bovine oviductal stromal cells.     

无血清培养基IVD101和G1/G2在牛体细胞核移植中的应用研究

通过考察牛体细胞核移植重构胚在无血清培养基（IVD101、G1／G2）条件下培养的囊胚发育率及其质量,从而评估无血清培养基支持牛体细胞核移植重构胚体外发育的能力。采用IVD101和G1／G2对牛体细胞核移植胚胎进行体外培养,并以CR1aa＋5％FBS作为对照组。无血清培养基IVD101和G1／G2的囊胚发育率与对照组无显著性差异（41．2％±9．1％、42．2％±10．8％,48．0％±9．2％,P〉0．05）。通过囊胚差异染色和冷冻／解冻胚胎存活率分析胚胎质量,发现无血清培养基ICM／Total略低于对照组（31．8％±10．5％、29．5％±11．9％vs ．33．0％±14．8％）,但无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;3个组别的囊胚经程序化冷冻／解冻后无血清培养基的存活率（IVD101、G1／G2）略高于对照组,但差异不显著（84．8％、80．4％＇US．77．3％,P〉0．05）。结果证明无血清培养基（IVD101、G1／G2）可以支持体细胞核移植重构胚的体外发育,且其对程序化冷冻的耐受性与添加血清组（CR1aa＋5％FBS）相似。     

Vernalization of immature embryos of winter wheat genotypes

Summary The effect of direct vernalization of immature embryos on flowering was studied in six winter wheat genotypes. Fourteen-, 17-, and 20-day-old embryos were excised and vernalized for 0–6 weeks on synthetic medium during a conditioning period. Percent germination of embryos was high (overall 96.1%), and free from genotypic effects. Genotypes differed for flowering in response to cold treatment of excised embryos. Embryo vernalization was as effective as or more than conventional vernalization (control, seedling vernalization for 6 weeks). Seventeen-day-old embryos were the most responsive to vernalization. With a 5-week vernalization of 17-day-old embryos, the percentage of plants anthesed was higher than those from 14-and 20-day-old embryos. For 17-day-old embryos vernalized for 5 weeks, the mean number of days from culture to anthesis was less than that of 6 week vernalization, less than that of 14- and 20-day-old embryos, and less than controls.Purdue Univ., Agronomy Dept., W. Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.     

臭马比木茎段培养中污染控制和防褐化研究

研究了臭马比木（Nothapodytes nimmonian）组织培养过程中的防污染和防褐化问题。结果表明：在3~4月份取1 年生嫩茎进行诱导,外植体的污染率最低、为17.5%,褐化枯死率为39.2%,诱导率为43.3%,诱导效果最佳;在4个茎段部位中,半木质化茎段的诱导效果最好,诱导率为51.7%;低温预处理外植体对污染的控制效果不明显;0.1% HgCl2 8 min+50 mg/L 噻孢霉素30min 的消毒效果最好;在培养基中添加活性炭1.2 g/L+聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）2.0 g/L对外植体的防褐化效果最好,褐化率由对照的48.3%下降到25.0%。