温室番茄干物质分配及果实生长发育规律的研究

以番茄品种辽园多丽为试验材料,在日光温室内对植株生长期各器官干物质分配及单个果实生长发育进行了研究。结果表明:番茄在开花结果后,地上部分配指数保持在0.9以上,地下部分配指数维持在0.1以下,同化物大多供给地上部用于茎、叶、果的生长;番茄果实横径与发育时间呈"S"形曲线变化规律,并利用Logistic方程建立番茄果实生长的模型。     

利用通径分析研究土壤不同形态硫对有机质的影响

用通径分析的方法分析了不同形态硫对土壤有机质的作用。结果表明 :在影响土壤有机质的诸多硫组分中 ,以全硫为主 ,其次是未知态硫和全硫的共同作用 ,再次是碳键硫和全硫的共同作用 ,脂键硫排在第九位。有机硫起主要作用     

桑沟湾沉积物有机质的碳氮稳定同位素分析及其来源解析

本研究分析了桑沟湾表层沉积物的粒度、总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)、碳和氮稳定同位素(δ13C和δ15N)的时空分布特征,估算了贝藻生物沉积对近海沉积物有机质的贡献。结果显示,桑沟湾沉积物成分组成以粉砂为主,且粒径分布与海水养殖和水动力学条件密切相关;TOC、TN的季节变化和平面分布均呈相似性,数值上总体表现为春季最高,秋季最低,季节差异不大,在贝藻、鱼贝和贝类养殖区域出现较高值;而δ13C和δ15N的季节变化和平面分布有较大差异。从相关性分析可以看出,TOC和TN呈极显著正相关(r=0.955, P<0.001),表明桑沟湾表层沉积物的TOC和TN具有同源性。根据对δ13C和C/N的综合分析表明,贝类生物沉积、海带(Saccharina japonica)和土壤有机质是桑沟湾沉积物有机质的主要来源。采用三元混合模型估算得到贝类生物沉积贡献率为67.52%,土壤有机质贡献率为26.47%,海带贡献率为5.97%。研究表明,海洋贝藻生物沉积对近海碳埋藏具有显著影响。     

过瘤胃甜菜碱对奶牛泌乳性能和生产性能的影响

实验选取黑龙江省大庆市某集约化奶牛场年龄、胎次、体况及泌乳量相近的健康奶牛40头,随机分为4组,每组10头,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组日粮中每头每天添加5、10和20 g过瘤胃甜菜碱,Ⅳ组为过瘤胃甜菜碱对照组。试验期从产前14 d至产后42 d,通过对试验奶牛产后乳蛋白（LP）、乳脂率（BF）、乳糖（SL）的分析,研究过瘤胃胆碱和甜...     

不同有机质配方肥对烤烟生长及产质量的影响

为探究水田烤烟施用有机肥的适宜有机质含量及碳氮比,采用自主配方有机肥研究了不同有机质含量及碳氮比对烤烟农艺性状、产量及质量的影响。结果表明:有机肥中有机质含量为50%和65%时,烤烟叶片数、产量和产值总体上高于烟草专用肥处理,且烤后烟叶评吸质量总体上有所提升;有机质含量为35%时,烤烟产量和产值略低于烟草专用肥处理。有机肥中有机质含量提高会促进叶片生长发育和干物质积累,同时上部叶烟碱含量有降低的趋势;有机质含量同一梯度内随着碳氮比的提高,评吸质量提高,且中部叶表现出较高的糖碱比。研究认为,水田烤烟有机肥以有机质含量65%、碳氮比19.54有利于烤烟生长发育及品质提升。     

马来眼子菜和POM稳定同位素对污染物的指示作用

为了探究大型植物马来眼子菜（Potamogeton malaianus）和颗粒有机物质（Particulate organic matter,POM）对湖泊主要污染来源的指示作用,在贡湖湾选取14个样点,采集马来眼子菜和POM样品,分析其碳、氮稳定同位素的变化。结果显示,马来眼子菜和POM有相似的δ15N值趋势,都是随着离入湖口距离越远,其δ15N值逐渐增加,马来眼子菜的δ15N值为10.8‰～14.1‰,POM的δ15N值为6.69‰～14.1‰;而马来眼子菜的δ13C值随着离入湖口距离越远有下降趋势,变化范围为-17.6‰ ~ -14.5‰;POM的δ13C值则有增加趋势,变化范围为-26.9‰ ~ -24.6‰。马来眼子菜较高的δ15N值指示了人类生活污水来源的氮,表明贡湖湾的主要污染源为生活污水。相关分析表明,水中总溶解磷（TDP）与马来眼子菜的δ15N值有明显的负相关关系,水中的总氮（TN）与POM的δ15N、δ13C值则呈很好的正相关关系。而POM的N占比和底泥的δ15N值分别与POM的δ15N值有明显的正相关性。研究表明,马来眼子菜和POM的δ15N、δ13C值能够指示太湖贡湖湾的主要污染来源。     

土地利用方式对土壤基本性质及肥力的影响

[目的]研究不同土地利用方式下土壤基本性质及肥力的差异。[方法]以山西省吕梁市离石区王家沟为试验基地,研究侧柏和碱草混交、欧李、柠条、苜蓿、油松5种土地利用类型对土壤基本性质、有机质含量、有效磷含量及碱解氮含量的影响。[结果]不同土地利用方式土壤基本性质不同;有机质含量由高到低依次为侧柏和碱草混交、柠条、欧李、油松、苜蓿用地;有效磷含量由高到低依次为侧柏和碱草混交、油松、柠条、欧李、苜蓿用地;碱解氮含量由高到低依次为侧柏和碱草混交、苜蓿、欧李、柠条、油松用地。[结论]侧柏和碱草混交最有利于改良土壤、保土保肥。     

The effect of extended grazing time and supplementary forage on the dry matter intake and foraging behaviour of cattle kept under traditional African grazing systems

An experiment was carried out at Alemaya University in Ethiopia to investigate the effect of night kraaling on the dry matter intake (DMI), live weight gain (LWG) and foraging behaviour of Ogaden cattle. Three groups of four animals were given either 7 h access to pasture per day, simulating traditional grazing (TG) practice; extended grazing (EG) access for 11 h per day; or traditional grazing access plus a nocturnal forage supplement (TF). Live weight gain, DMI and foraging behaviour were measured during the late dry season (EP1) and the wet season (EP2). None of the treatments had any significant effect on either DMI or LWG during EP1 or EP2. Extending pasture access time from 7 h to 11 h did not significantly increase the amount time spent grazing, but grazing intensity was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced during the non-common grazing hours. Step rate was significantly lower (p < 0.01) during EP2 than during EP1 and bites per step were significantly higher (p < 0.001) during EP2 than EP1, indicating that animals had to travel a shorter distance before selecting material to eat during the wet season (EP2). Providing supplementary forage (TF) had no significant effect on any measured parameter. In this study neither of the two low-cost methods (EG and TF) of improving access to forage had any beneficial effect on cattle productivity. It is concluded that, under the prevailing conditions, the traditional grazing practices of this part of Ethiopia do provide sufficient pasture access time to achieve daily voluntary food intake.     

Effects of long-term green manure application on the content and structure of dissolved organic matter in red paddy soil

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays important roles in soil biogeochemistry activity and nutrients transportation in soils, but studies regarding the long-term effects of green manures on the content and structure of DOM in red paddy soil have not been reported yet. A long-term green manure experiment established in 1982 was utilized to test the DOM contents in different treatments, and the spectral characteristics of DOM were investigated by using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. The experiment included four cropping systems: rice-rice-milk vetch (RRV), rice-rice-rape (RRP), rice-rice-ryegrass (RRG) and rice-rice-winter fallow (RRF), among them, milk vetch, rape, and ryegrass are popular winter green manure species in southern China. The results showed that the content of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which is widely used to estimate the concentration of DOM, was significantly promoted after the incorporation of green manures compared with the other sampling stages. The contents of aromatic groups and the degree of humification of DOM increased in RRV and RRP, suggesting more complex compositions of the soil DOM after long-term application of milk vetch and rape. The contents of phenol, alcohol and carboxylic acid group at the mature stage of early rice were significantly higher than those at the stage of after green manures turned over, especially for the RRV treatment. The absorption ratio of FTIR indicated that winter plantation of rape increased the aromatic-C/aliphatic-C ratio, and ryegrass increased the aromatic-C/carboxyl-C ratio. In conclusion, long-term planting of milk vetch and rape as green manures increased the degree of aromaticity, humification and average molecular weight of DOM, and made the DOM more stable in red paddy soil.     

栽培措施对乐都紫皮蒜干物质积累与转运的影响

【目的】探讨栽培措施对大蒜干物质积累分配与转运特性的影响。【方法】以青海乐都紫皮蒜为材料,采用栽培方式（覆膜和不覆膜）和播期（春播和秋播）两因素随机区组排列试验设计,研究萌芽期至成熟期大蒜植株鳞茎、假茎、叶片、蒜薹等器官的干物质积累及转运特性。【结果】各处理栽培措施下,全生育期大蒜植株单株总干物质积累量呈先下降后上升的变化趋势,而鳞茎部位干物质积累量自退母后开始上升,单株总干物质及鳞茎干物质积累量均至成熟采收期达最大;秋播覆膜栽培措施下总干物质及鳞茎干物质的最终积累量均最大;春播栽培地上部干物质积累量总体高于秋播栽培。秋播栽培措施下鳞茎干物质的最终分配比例高于春播栽培,但其假茎、叶中干物质的分配比例在生育后期低于春播栽培。在不同栽培措施下,蒜薹中的干物质输出均最多,其移动率相同但转运率表现为秋播栽培低于春播栽培。不覆膜栽培措施下,根中干物质的转运率及移动率均高于覆膜栽培。【结论】不同栽培措施对大蒜全生育期各器官干物质的积累量及分配比例的总体变化趋势没有明显影响,但其具体数值因处理组合不同而有所变化;秋播覆膜栽培措施下大蒜鳞茎干物质积累能力强,具有较充足的“源”,有利于大蒜高产。