圆草捆打捆机的设计及优化

设计了一款圆草捆打捆机,通过牵引机械输入动力,采用凸轮滑道型捡拾系统技术和成型室钢辊预压缩技术,实现了打捆、缠网、密度调节、报警等自动化控制,整机自动化水平高。通过试验对捡拾系统进行了优化,提高了整机性能,该圆捆机广泛应用于牧草、秸秆作物的打捆。     

土壤微生物生物地理学：国内进展与国际前沿

土壤微生物生物地理学是研究土壤中微生物空间分布格局及其随时间变化的一门科学,是土壤微生物学和微生物生态学等领域的研究前沿。近年来,尽管土壤微生物生物地理学研究取得了巨大进展,目前仍面临诸多难题与挑战。本文简要回顾了土壤微生物生物地理学的发展历程,重点介绍近年来我国在森林、草地和农田生态系统中土壤微生物生物地理学研究的主要进展。同时进一步阐述了目前土壤微生物生物地理学研究的国际前沿方向,包括微生物群落空间分布及其驱动机制、群落构建过程与共存网络、微生物地理分布与生态系统功能的关联以及预测微生物群落对全球变化的响应。最后,对土壤微生物生物地理学未来的研究方向进行了展望,强调了清晰的微生物物种定义、微生物群落的时间动态、多组学与合成生物学技术以及高精度的预测模型在土壤微生物生物地理学研究中的重要性。     

Influence of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (Imuthiol) on lymphocyte function and growth in weanling pigs

Mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions, interleukin-2 (IL-2) production, and growth performance were evaluated in 3-week-old pigs treated with imuthiol. Lymphocyte proliferative responses to Con A and PWM were reduced (P < 0.05) in pigs treated with imuthiol at 25 mg/kg; PHA proliferative responses were not influenced by imuthiol treatment. Imuthiol at 2.5 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg lowered IL-2 production when compared to saline-treated controls. Delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to PHA were higher in 25 mg/kg imuthiol-treated pigs; however, 2.5 mg/kg imuthiol-treated pigs had lower DHT reactions. Imuthiol at 2.5 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg reduced (P < 0.05) average daily feed intake. These data suggest that in vivo imuthiol treatment in pigs lowers lymphocyte proliferative responses, IL-2 production, and growth performance.     

西北印度洋丝尾红钻鱼耳石生长形态学的初步研究

根据2005年10月至2006年1月在印度洋公海撒雅德玛哈浅滩(Saya de Malha Bank)进行底层渔业资源调查期间,随机采集的208尾丝尾红钻鱼Etelis coruscans(叉长383~866 mm)样本,进行了耳石质量(WO)及其耳石长(长轴,OTL)、耳石宽(短轴,OW)、背长(ODL)、背高(DH)、背喙长(DRL)和腹喙长(VRL)等形态指标参数的测定,初步研究了该种群耳石形态指标的生长特征。结果表明:丝尾红钻鱼左右矢耳石的长度和质量均无显著性差异或一致性偏差(P0.05),耳石呈缺刻卵圆形,凸面有沟裂,凹面核心区表面平坦;背部和腹部边缘有不规则的齿轮缺刻;腹喙比背喙长且粗壮;耳石长轴(OTL)为9.85~20.76 mm,短轴(OW)为5.03~10.88 mm;叉长540 mm时,耳石形态长度指标(OTL、ODL、VRL)相对尺寸变化较大,而宽度指标(OW、DH)相对尺寸变化较小;叉长540 mm时,耳石形态长度指标(OTL、ODL)相对尺寸变化趋势不稳定,而宽度指标相对尺寸变化趋势平缓;整个生长过程中,耳石短轴生长比其长轴生长稳定,短轴与耳石质量的回归关系最高,并且与鱼体叉长的关系基本符合正相关关系。因此,丝尾红钻鱼的耳石短轴更适合用于耳石形态生长与耳石质量及鱼体生长关系的研究。     

海南农民稻田生物多样性保护认知评价 及农药使用情况分析

长期以来农药的不合理利用已经引发了环境污染、食品安全等一系列问题、探索减少农药投入的生产 模式、构建稻田生物多样性生态控制病虫害的水稻生产模式已经成为稻田可持续发展的重要手段之一。 为了更好 地开展海南稻田生物多样性保护、发挥稻田生态系统服务功能、有必要系统全面地了解农民对稻田生物多样性保护 认知及农药使用情况、我们在海南北部和南部分别开展了调查。 结果显示、调查区大部分稻农对稻田生物多样性概 念不了解、相关知识掌握较少、且仅有极少数农民接受过相关的多样性种植培训或者指导。 在农药使用上、存在过 量使用、盲目使用和跟风使用等一系列不科学问题、直接导致海南稻田生态系统遭到破坏、种植成本骤增、稻农净收 益降低。 通过分析、就海南水稻生产中的农药使用问题提出了意见和建议。     

采谱方式对竹材气干密度近红外预测模型精度的影响

该文对近红外光谱技术结合化学计量学分析方法快速预测毛竹材气干密度的可行性进行了研究,重点探讨不同采谱方式对所建模型预测精度的影响.为了便于对比,建模过程中光谱数据未经过任何预处理.结果表明,采谱方式影响着模型的预测精度.从竹材横切面采谱所建模型的预测精度最高,内表面（靠近竹黄面）居中,外表面（靠近竹青面）最差.但如果对竹材内外表面的光谱求平均后建模,则可以显著提高模型的预测精度.随后选择最优模型对随机抽取、未参与建模的30个未知样品的密度进行了预测,预测值与测量值的 相关性高,表明近红外光谱技术可以快速、准确地预测竹材的气干密度.      

落叶松体细胞胚胎发生过程中DNA甲基化模式变化分析

通过MSAP技术检测落叶松体细胞胚胎发生过程中的DNA甲基化模式变化发现,体细胞胚胎发生的14个时期中,5'-CCGG-3'序列的胞嘧啶上发生重新甲基化事件最多在ABA诱导后的0.5～6h,最少在5～7d的早期单胚阶段;而去甲基化事件发生最多的是5～7d的早期单胚阶段,最少在14～21d的中期单胚到晚期单胚阶段.与原胚...     

Replacement of de‐oiled rice bran by soaked and fermented sweet potato leaf meal: Effect on growth performance,body composition and expression of insulin‐like growth factor 1 in Labeo rohita (Hamilton), fingerlings

A 60‐day feeding trial was conducted to determine the growth performance and expression of insulin‐like growth factor 1 gene (IGF‐I gene) in Labeo rohita fingerlings fed with either raw, soaked or fermented sweet potato leaf meal (SPLM) by completely replacing de‐oiled rice bran (DORB), following a completely randomized design. Seven isonitrogenous (30%) and isocaloric (1.8 MJ/100 g) diets were prepared by replacing DORB with 50% and 100% raw, soaked and fermented sweet potato leaf meal, maintaining DORB‐containing diets as a control. Weight gain %, SGR (specific growth rate) and PER (protein efficiency ratio) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher when 100% DORB was replaced by fermented SPLM in comparison to other treatment groups. The fermented and soaked SPLM‐fed groups had registered with lower FCR value. The expression of growth regulating gene IGF‐I mRNA and RNA/DNA ratio was found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) in soaked and fermented SPLM‐fed groups. In this study, the body protein and lipid composition did not vary significantly (p > 0.05). Hence, the study concludes that the fermented sweet potato leaf meal using Chaetomium globosum can replace 100% DORB in the diet of Labeo rohita without any detrimental effect on growth performance.     

Cloning, nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analyses, and tissue-specific expression of the transferrin gene in Cirrhinus mrigala infected with Aeromonas hydrophila

Transferrin partial complementary DNAs were cloned from the livers of five species in four genera of Indian carps (Indian major carp species: Labeo rohita, Catla catla and Cirrhinus mrigala; medium carp: Puntius sarana; minor carp: Labeo bata) subsequent to polymerase chain reaction amplification with published heterologous primers or self-designed primers derived from conserved regions of transferrin cDNA sequences. The partial transferrin cDNAs of the five species of carps had sizes from 624 to 633 bp (487 bp for L. rohita) and encoded an open reading frame consisting of 206–211 (162 for L. rohita) amino acids. The alignments of carp cDNA sequences showed 85–97% homology and 71–93% homology in deduced amino acid sequences. A phylogenetic tree of amino acid sequences of transferrin cDNAs from carps showed that the relationship among the four genera of Indian carps is well correlated with that derived from classic morphologic analyses. The hypothesized cleavage site and interdomain bridge of transferrin molecule were predicted for the above carp species and interestingly the cleavage site amino acid sequence was found to be conserved among all the carps. To study the tissue-specific expression of the transferrin gene, various tissues (liver, kidney, spleen, brain, muscle, testis, heart, intestine, gill and fin) from apparently healthy (control), moribund and survived C. mrigala experimentally infected with Aeromonas hydrophila infection were analyzed. Transferrin mRNA was detected only in liver RNA and to lesser extent in brain tissue out of the 10 tissues analyzed irrespective of bacterial infection.     

法国三大现代公园对勒·诺特尔式园林的传承

勒·诺特尔式的园林融合了法国传统园林和意大利园林的造园精髓,一直影响着法国现代公园的设计。巴黎的拉·维莱特、雪铁龙和贝西三大公园的设计,深受勒·诺特尔式园林的影响,以新的元素营造出了具有勒·诺特尔风格的布局和空间,并形成各自的特色,对当代城市公园的营造有着重要的借鉴意义。