Preparation and Study of a Novel,Environmentally Friendly Seed-Coating Agent for Wheat

Traditional seed-coating agents are widespread and used in crop protection. However, the coatings can pose an environmental and health hazard. In this study, a novel wheat seed-coating agent was prepared by using natural polysaccharide as the main raw material, which produces bacteriostatic activity and enhances the germination and quality of seeds. The optimum formula of this seed-coating agent was ultimately determined through a series of laboratory experiments and field trials. The results showed that the yield of wheat seeds treated with this novel seed-coating agent was increased by 10% and its material cost was decreased by 15% compared with the conventional toxic seed-coating agent. The toxicity of the novel seed-coating agent was also less than that of the traditional one. Therefore, this wheat seed-coating agent had obvious economic and environmental benefits.     

不同产田土壤速效磷对夏玉米的肥效分析

采用田间试验法,研究了磷肥对不同产田夏玉米性状、产量及产量构成因素的影响,旨为夏玉米合理施用磷肥提供科学依据。结果表明：高、中、低产夏玉米田最佳经济施磷量分别为50 kg/hm2、52 kg/hm2和47 kg/hm2。     

Effects of AI protocol and time interval from onset of estrus to AI on conception rate in Japanese Black cows

Two different artificial insemination (AI) protocols were investigated to determine the effect of the time interval from the onset of estrus (as detected by a pedometer) to the AI on the conception rate in Japanese Black cows. Seventy‐three cows were divided into two groups that received AI either after the induction of synchronized ovulation (synchronized AI group; n = 26) or at the time of observed estrus (control AI group; n = 47). Each group was further divided into two subgroups, which were artificially inseminated either 0–12 h (early AI group; n = 21) or 12–24 h (late AI group; n = 52) after the onset of estrus. There was no significant difference in the conception rate between the synchronized AI and control AI groups. The AI protocol and the detection of estrus using a threshold of counted steps (as measured by a pedometer) in this study could be effective for planned reproduction management without the observation of standing estrus in Japanese Black cows.     

旱地矮化苹果园当季氮肥在土壤剖面的累积与淋溶效应

为研究旱地矮化苹果树当季肥料氮在土壤中的累积与淋溶效应,采用土钻采样法与¹⁵N同位素示踪技术,测定了6 a生晚熟矮化‘延长红’苹果园土壤剖面（0~300 cm）的氮素累积分布特征与当季氮肥残留。结果表明：土壤含水率与硝态氮含量变化表现出较强的一致性,不施肥CK、减氮施肥N400与常规施肥N800处理硝态氮在80~140 cm土层存在明显富集现象,其含量峰值分别为174.9、194.8 mg·kg^-1与211.1 mg·kg^-1。CK、N400与N800处理0~300 cm土壤剖面中,全氮累积量分别为10 927.3、13 734.8 kg·hm^-2与15 645.4 kg·hm^-2,硝态氮累积量分别为1 873.5、2 353.9 kg·hm^-2与2 892.7 kg·hm^-2,铵态氮累积量分别为12.2、42.6 kg·hm^-2与44.4 kg·hm^-2。N400和N800处理下果园土壤中各土层（0~300 cm）氮素来自当季氮肥的比例分别为0.10%~1.50%和0.18%~2.03%。当季氮肥在0~300 cm深度各土层均有残留且主要集中在0~140 cm土层;80~100 cm土层的全氮来自当季氮肥的比例（减氮施肥N400和常规施肥N800分别为1.50%与2.03%）显著高于其他土层。N400处理下TN-¹⁵N、NO^-₃-¹⁵N、NH⁺₄-¹⁵N的残留率分别为21.6%、19.2%、0.2%,N800处理分别为48.8%、39.3%、0.3%,土壤中氮的残留率随着施氮量的增加显著增加,且以硝态氮为主。100~300 cm土层中减氮施肥N400与常规施肥N800处理NO^-₃-¹⁵N残留率分别为8.5%与25.0%,当季氮肥淋溶出根区（0~80 cm）现象明显。最佳施肥量及施肥量对产量的影响在N400的基础上仍有待进一步研究确定。     

Effect of relationships among clinical mastitis incidence,reproductive performance,and culling rate on the lifetime of dairy cows at Hiroshima University Farm

Farm managers' decision to cull dairy cows is based on the cows' milk production, history of disorder(s), and reproductive performance, each of which affects dairy cows' lifetime (herd life and productive lifespan). We investigated the relationships among the incidence of clinical mastitis (CM), the reproductive performance, and the culling rate. We also assessed the effects of these relationships on the lifetimes of dairy cows, using the records made before and after the introduction of an automatic milking system (AMS) at Hiroshima University Farm. Milk yield, CM incidence density, and culling rate of dairy cows increased after the AMS introduction. The CM incidence was associated with an elongation of the calving interval in cows with the same parity. CM in the 1st parity might have caused the reductions of the cows' lifetime and their parity at culling. A higher age at first calving (AFC) was associated with an increase in culling rate but did not lead to a significant decrease in lifetime. Investigations of the factors mediating CM in the 1st parity or AFC with CM incidence or culling rate in the later stages might contribute to the control of lifetime of dairy cows.     

The Comet assay for detection of DNA damage in canine sperm

Sperm DNA integrity is a fundamental prerequisite in fertilization and embryo development. Among DNA integrity tests, the Comet assay is an accurate and sensitive test for the detection of sperm oxidative damage. The aim of this work was to evaluate sperm oxidative damage using the Comet assay and to study the correlation between Comet and routine assays for the evaluation of semen quality. Dogs were divided in two groups: group A (n = 6), comprising dogs with abnormal spermiogram, that is astheno‐, terato‐ or oligoasthenoteratozoospermic (OAT); and group B (n = 8), comprising normospermic dogs. The distribution of sperm oxidative damage was significantly different between the two groups (p = .001): group A—median: 31.55%, interquartile range (IQR): 30.18–38.01; group B—median: 0.90%, IQR: 0.65–1.96. The correlation between oxidative damage and abnormal morphology was high (r = .846; p < .001). There was a negative correlation between progressive motility and oxidative damage (r = ?.792; p = .001). Basal and oxidative DNA damage of spermatozoa are increased in dogs with non‐normospermic semen. In conclusion, and considering the elevated correlation with classical tests of sperm quality, the Comet assay has ample potential for clinical and research purposes in dogs.     

工厂化猪场不同猪群死亡率与季节的关系初探

通过对哺乳仔猪群、保育群、育成群各月死亡率的统计分析发现,冬季低温对哺乳仔猪群、保育群死亡率的影响远远大于夏季高温的影响。冬季低温对保育群的死亡率影响最大,而对育成群几乎没有影响。夏季高温对不同猪群的死亡率有不同程度的影响力。不同猪群对温度反应的快慢、强度及持续期各不相同。     

混料设计在辣椒不同类型氮肥配比试验研究中的应用

采用田间试验,研究了混料设计中的单形重心设计在辣椒控释尿素、普通尿素配肥上的应用,测定了辣椒的产量及其构成,配置了各因子的产量回归方程,解析寻优,对肥料效应及经济效益进行了分析.结果表明,三种氮肥比例为普通尿素U=0.20～0.30,控释尿素D60(控释期60天)=0.40～0.60,控释尿素D30(控释期30天)=0.20～0.40(换算为纯氮实际用量U=150.0～225.0 kg/hm2,D60=300.0～450.0 kg/hm2,D30=150.0～300.0 kg/hm2)的方案,预测最高产量可达85.0 t/hm2.控释尿素D30-D60两者配合施用、普通尿素与控释尿素D30-D60三者配合施用均能显著提高辣椒产量,比普通尿素分别增产24.40、28.26 t/hm2,增产率分别为42.0%和49.0%,产量差异均达极显著水平.施肥效应以D30-D60混合最高,为20.88 t/hm2,达极显著水平.经济效益分析表明,U-D30-D60处理施肥利润为2.440万元/hm2,氮素利用率最高,为60.1%.普通尿素与两种控释尿素按一定比例混合施用有利于提高辣椒产量和增加农民的经济收入.     

简阳大耳羊繁殖性能研究

利用简阳大耳羊新品种世代选育过程中的系统资料,对简阳大耳羊繁殖性能进行了系统研究。结果表明：简阳大耳羊发情周期平均20.66 d,发情持续期平均48.52 h,妊娠期平均148.76 d;母羊全年均可繁殖配种、产羔,全年产羔仍然遵循＂春配秋产、秋配春产＂的规律;四世代初产母羊平均产羔率153.51%,经产母羊242.41%;年均产羔1.75只;四世代公羔平均初生重3.10 kg,母羔平均初生重2.95 kg。表明简阳大耳羊具有多胎、多羔,常年发情产羔,羔羊初生重较大,繁殖性能好的优良特性。     

几种大量元素对银杏愈伤组织细胞生长及黄酮醇糖苷含量的影响

以MS＋NAA1mg/L KT2mg/L为基本培养基,研究了不同浓度的5种大量元素对银杏愈伤组织的细胞生长及其黄酮醇糖苷含量的基本培养基,研究了不同浓度的5种大量元素与细胞生长率呈负相关;KNO3浓度对细胞生长率影响不大,但对黄酮醇糖苷含量影响明显;随着MgSO4浓度的增加,细胞生长率和黄酮醇糖苷的含量呈现同步变化;随CaCl2浓度的变化,细胞生长率和黄酮醇糖苷含量呈负相关。