硝态氮对去叶多花黑麦草再生性的影响及其调控机制

本试验研究了多次去叶后根系吸收硝态氮(NO-3)对多花黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum)持续再生的影响。结果表明,无外源NO-3供应时,多次去叶明显降低了黑麦草根系伤流量、新生叶NO-3含量、新生叶细胞分裂素含量以及新生叶生物量;无论是第1次还是第3次去叶后供应外源NO-3,根系对硝态氮的吸收易引起黑麦草根系伤流量、根系NO-3含量、伤流液NO-3积累量、新生叶NO-3含量、新生叶细胞分裂素含量及其生物量的增加。黑麦草新生叶中高的细胞分裂素含量易促进叶片的持续再生,但这种促进作用并不依赖于根系向叶片运输细胞分裂素的多少,而是由根系向新生叶运输的NO-3对叶片细胞分裂素合成的诱导作用决定的。     

山葡萄雄株花蕾性别转换的形态观察及其内源激素的变化

以山葡萄雄株为试材,花前20d用100mg/L的KT-30S处理雄株花序,以蒸馏水处理为对照,观察处理后的形态变化和坐果情况,并在不同处理时期取样测定内源激素含量,探讨外源细胞分裂素KT-30S对山葡萄雄株花蕾性别转换的效果及其对内源激素的影响。结果表明:KT-30S对山葡萄雄株的性反转效果显著,雄花花蕾在处理6d子房显著膨大。经KT-30S处理,4种内源激素含量和平衡关系表现出不同的变化趋势,由此推断,KT-30S诱导山葡萄雄株性反转可能是通过调节内源激素在不同时期的水平及其之间的平衡关系来实现的。     

In vitro shoot regeneration ofSolanum tuberosum cultivars: interactions of medium composition and leaf, leaflet, and explant position

Summary Shoot regeneration was investigated on explants from different leaves and leaflets of three potato cultivars Posmo, Folva and Oleva. Explants were excised from glasshouse grown plants and grown for 6 days on callus induction medium with indole-3-acetic acid or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Explants were then transferred to auxin free shoot regeneration medium with gibberellic acid and 6-benzyladenine or zeatin. By using the optimum combinations and concentrations of plant growth regulators and by excision of explants from particular regions of proximal leaflets from newly unfolded leaves, shoot regeneration frequencies of 97.0% were obtained for cv. Posmo and 32.1% for cv. Folva. Shoot regeneration frequency of cv. Oleva was very low and could not be improved by the different treatments.     

离体小麦叶片衰老过程中细胞分裂素对活性氧的作用

细胞分裂素延缓离体小麦叶片衰老过程中活性氧的产生，维持保护酶ＣＡＴ、ＰＯＤ和ＳＯＤ活性，保持清除剂还原型谷胱甘肽、抗坏血酸含量，从而保护组织抵抗氧化伤害。     

Chemical Defoliation of Machine-Harvested Cotton was Accompanied by Intense Ethylene and Cytokinin Signal Responses

[Objective] Chemical defoliation is a necessary technical measure for machine-harvested cotton, and the effect of chemical defoliation directly affects the efficiency of mechanical-picking and fiber quality. Study on the molecular mechanism of defoliant in regulating defoliation could effectively guide the screening and improvement of defoliant-sensitive cotton germplasms. [Method] In this study, 200 cotton accessions were collected and planted in greenhouse, and treated with defoliant at the early flowering stage. Different varieties with high or low sensitivity to defoliant were selected according to the defoliation rate on the 4th day after treatment. The selected cotton varieties were also treated with defoliant at the boll opening stage in the field, and the defoliation rate on the 7th day after treatment was calculated. Meanwhile, samples from the abscission zone of the selected varieties were collected on the first and third day after treatment. And the expression of ethylene-, cytokinin- and hydrolase- related genes were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). [Result] Six defoliant sensitive and 6 insensitive varieties were selected from greenhouse and field tests. According to the qRT-PCR results, cytokinin-related genes, ethylene-related genes and hydrolase-related genes showed different expression patterns following defoliant treatment in different varieties, and most of these genes showed significant different expression in the defoliant sensitive and insensitive varieties. [Conclusion] This study indicates that different cotton germplasms respond to differently to defoliant, which might be the result of differential expression of cytokinin- and ethylene-related genes.     

Seed set of ulluco (Ullucus tuberosus Loz.). Variation between clones and enhancement of seed production through the application of plant growth regulators

Summary Ulluco, Ullucus tuberosus, is a tuber crop plant with a reduced ability to produce botanical seed. This paper discusses problems related to the botanical seed set of ulluco. Ten clones of this species were studied, and the number of seeds per plant was recorded. Enhancement of seed production was attempted by the application of three growth regulators; gibberellic acid, CCC, and a synthetic cytokinin, 6-benzylamine purine. Seed set ability was shown to vary between the clones, and the application of plant growth regulators did not enhance seed production. Variation in fruit weight was observed. Because of genetic variation between clones in their ability to set seed, it is proposed that there is a possibility of breeding ulluco using botanical seeds. However, methods for improving the yield of botanical seed need to be developed.     

外源6-BA对不同生育时期淹水花生根系生长和荚果产量的影响

【目的】土柱栽培条件下,研究外源细胞分裂素(6-BA)对花生不同生育时期淹水胁迫下根系呼吸酶活性、内源激素含量及荚果产量的影响,为提高淹水胁迫下花生抗性及采用外源激素调控花生生长提供理论依据。【方法】选用山花108为试验材料,以全生育时期正常水分管理(CK)为对照,设置苗期(V3)、花针期(R3)、结荚期(R5)、饱果期(R7)4个淹水时期,于淹水10 d后喷施15 mg·L^-1的6-苄基腺嘌呤(6-BA),共9个喷施组合处理,即全生育时期正常水分管理(CK)、苗期淹水(V3-W)、苗期淹水后喷施外源细胞分裂素(V3-S)、花针期淹水(R3-W)、花针期淹水后喷施外源细胞分裂素(R3-S)、结荚期淹水(R5-W)、结荚淹水后喷施外源细胞分裂素(R5-S)、饱果期淹水(R7-W)、饱果期淹水后喷施外源细胞分裂素(R7-S)。处理后每隔5 d,取样测定根系无氧呼吸酶、有氧呼吸酶活性,内源激素含量,根系干重及根长密度等指标。【结果】淹水显著降低了20—60 cm土层的根系干重及根长密度。淹水结束后,V3-W处理20—40 cm土层无根系。2018与2019生长季,R3-...     

木薯内源细胞分裂素含量对块根淀粉积累的影响

[目的]探讨木薯内源细胞分裂素(CTK)含量与块根淀粉积累的关系,为高淀粉木薯品种选育及栽培提供理论依据.[方法]以低淀粉木薯品种华南124和高淀粉木薯品种辐选01为试材,测定不同生育时期木薯叶片、茎秆和块根中的CTK含量与淀粉积累量,并分析两者间的相关性.[结果]华南124叶片CTK含量呈先下降后缓慢上升的变化趋势,辐选01则与之相反,呈先上升后缓慢下降的变化趋势.两个品种茎秆、块根CTK含量及块根淀粉积累速率均呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,淀粉含量从苗期至成熟期逐渐上升.在淀粉积累的关键时期即块根膨大中期(9月15日),辐选01叶片、茎秆和块根的CTK含量及淀粉积累速率均大于华南124,且除茎秆CTK含量外其他指标均达差异显著水平(P<0.05),说明该时期是形成高、低淀粉木薯品种淀粉含量差异的主要时期.相关性分析结果表明,华南124和辐选01块根CTK含量与淀粉积累量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01,下同),相关系数分别为0.58和0.60;华南124茎秆CTK含量和辐选01叶片CTK含量与其块根淀粉积累量呈极显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.66和-0.75.[结论]木薯块根CTK含量对淀粉的积累起促进作用,而茎秆CTK和叶片CTK含量分别对低淀粉和高淀粉木薯品种的淀粉积累呈极显著的负向调节作用.     

拟南芥细胞分裂素受体AHK3亚细胞定位信号的研究

【目的】研究细胞分裂素受体在细胞内定位分布的具体信号及其机制。【方法】构建拟南芥细胞分裂素受体蛋白——组氨酸蛋白激酶3(Arabidopsis histidine kinase 3,AHK3)的一系列亚细胞定位相关表达载体,转化到拟南芥原生质体细胞中进行瞬时表达后,采用激光共聚焦显微镜观察研究AHK3的亚细胞定位信号。【结果】AHK3定位于内质网(Endoplasmic reticulum,ER);AHK3的N端和C端均含有ER定位序列。【结论】AHK3在ER中实现对细胞分裂素的感知及受体蛋白之间的相互应答,并进行下游的信号转导;AHK3含有多段ER驻留信号。