浙北平原创新发展农业循环经济模式选择和对策

嘉兴地处浙北水网平原,其农耕历史悠久,传统农业发达,农业废弃物资源十分丰富,开发利用潜力巨大。在当前建设现代都市型农业发展中,面对资源环境的制约,如何利用农业废弃物资源和治理农业面源污染任务艰巨。为此,应创新农业废弃物资源化利用方式,构建多种循环农业新模式,建设生态高效农业,形成低能耗、低排放、能循环、高效率的多元化循环农业发展模式,不断开发农业循环经济新产业。本文提出了创新发展农业循环经济的几种主要典型模式,并对如何发展农业循环经济新产业提出了自己的见解。     

邻菲口罗啉化学修饰碳糊电极三元络合物体系测定痕量钴

制备了邻菲口罗啉化学修饰碳糊电极,在含噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮的ＨＡｃ－ＮａＡｃ体系中,Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）离子经化学富集在电极表面上形成三元络合物．采用２．５次微分伏安法测定痕量Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）离子．Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）浓度在８．０×１０－９～７．０×１０－７ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１范围内与阳极溶出峰峰高成良好的线性关系,检出限达１．２×１０－９ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１．电极用于水样中钴的测定,结果令人满意．     

双硫腙修饰玻碳电极溶出伏安法测定镉

建立了基于双硫腙修饰玻碳电极的电流型传感方法,并对其检测条件和性能进行优化。该法检测镉的回归方程为I_(Cd)=-8.152×10~(-7)-2.841×10~(-5) C(mg/L),R2=0.997 7(P0.0001),SD=1.3066×10~(-7),检测的线性范围为0.02~1.0mg/L,检测限为10μg/L,样品平均回收率超过95%。检测结果可靠,检测时间短,食品中常见的其他金属基本不会产生影响。     

聚苯乙烯（EPS）颗粒混合轻量土的动强度参数研究

【目的】探讨水泥用量、聚苯乙烯(Expanded Polystyrene,EPS)颗粒用量和振动次数对EPS颗粒混合轻量土动强度参数的影响,分析EPS颗粒混合轻量土的动强度参数特性,为EPS颗粒混合轻量土的推广使用提供参考。【方法】通过室内动三轴试验,以黄土作为原料土,在EPS颗粒用量为1.4,3.1,5.4,8.6,13.1,20.1 g/kg,水泥用量为100,150,200 g/kg的条件下制备不同原料用量EPS颗粒混合轻量土,设定固结应力为50,100,150和200 kPa,固结应力比K_c=1.0,振动次数为10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90和100,通过莫尔应力圆计算土体的总应力参数,采用5.0%压应变作为破坏标准选取相应的动强度,并分析水泥用量、EPS颗粒用量及振动次数对EPS颗粒混合轻量土动强度参数的影响。【结果】当固结应力比K_c=1.0时,不同原料用量EPS颗粒混合轻量土的动强度包络线均不经过原点,且在剪应力轴存在一定的截距。当水泥用量一定时,随着EPS颗粒用量的增大,EPS颗粒混合轻量土的动黏聚力和动内摩擦角均有所减小,其中当振动次数为20,EPS颗粒含量由1.4 g/kg增大到20.1 g/kg时,动黏聚力减少43.39%,动内摩擦角减少并趋于0。当EPS颗粒用量一定时,随着水泥用量的增大,EPS颗粒混合轻量土的动黏聚力和动内摩擦角均呈增大趋势,其中当振动次数为20,水泥用量由100 g/kg增大到200 g/kg时,动黏聚力增大了54.07%,动内摩擦角增大了140.95%。【结论】水泥用量和EPS颗粒用量对EPS颗粒混合轻量土的动强度参数均有较大的影响,振动次数对动黏聚力影响较大而对动内摩擦角影响甚微,在分析土体稳定性时应充分考虑以上因素的影响。     

Evaluation of valuable nutrients in selected genotypes of marula (Sclerocarya birrea ssp. caffra)

Different marula clones domesticated in the arid Negev desert were evaluated for their horticultural behavior physiological and antioxidant characteristics of their fruits. Two types of abscission pattern were detected, early and late. Fruit yields fluctuated from year to year (6–45 kg/tree) with large differences between clones (few fruits to 45 kg/tree). The clones also differed in fruit weight (34.41 ± 0.91 to 56.74 ± 1.65 g), shape, and juice content. Ascorbic acid content was found to be high in all the clones with significant differences among clones and time post-abscission. Clone no 12 at 1 week post-abscission had the higher ascorbic acid content, 21.177 mg/g dry weight and clone no 4 at the abscission day had the lower ascorbic acid content, 7.142 mg ascorbic acid/g dry weight. The total antioxidant and polyphenol content of the juice varied among clones and with time post-abscission, as did the activity of superoxide dismutase (about 1.40 IU/g dry weight of SOD at week 0 for all clones, to 2.67 IU/g dry weight at the third week post-abscission). Fresh marula juice had, on average, four times more antioxidant than the juice of either orange or pomegranate (marula ascorbic acid equivalent: 8.52 ± 0.76 mM to 23.26 ± 2.20 mM versus 2.72 ± 0.39 mM to 7.38 ± 0.18 mM and 2.56 ± 0.41 mM to 3.92 ± 0.18 mM, respectively), considered to be rich in antioxidants. Marula ice cream and jam manufactured according to industrial protocols were rich in ascorbic acid 45 days post-production. In conclusion, selected genotypes of marula exhibited superior horticultural traits and high antioxidant contents. These data should be of value in selecting marula clones for commercial planting.     

Analysis on mechanical properties evolution ofoutburst coal under cyclic loading

Briquette specimens made of outburst coal are taken as research objects, and both mechanical properties evolution under cyclic loading and law of hysteretic curve evolution under different loading level are studied. The results show that hysteretic loop is composed of load-unload curve when briquette specimens are studied under cyclic loading, and secondary hysteretic loop is produced from the second cycle. The area composed by hysteretic curve becomes smaller with the addition of cycle numbers. The relation between deformation response and loading level is very close. Load-unload curve of hysteretic curve is expressed by conic, and the change law of fitting parameters of conic is very regular with the addition of cycle numbers, but the regularity of the law with loading level isn’t very obvious; the minis sign of fitting parameters of conic is opposite.     

浙北平原创新发展农业循环经济模式选择和对策

发展农业循环经济是实现农业农村可持续发展的必然选择。本文分析了浙北平原创新发展农业循环经济的几种典型模式：如“生猪-沼气-沼液、有机肥-蔬菜、林果”循环农业模式;稻草、谷壳、河泥-种植蘑菇-蘑菇渣泥废弃物-种植大棚芦笋（或西瓜、蔬菜、黄桃等）”循环农业模式;“水稻-桑枝条培养黑木耳-废弃菌棒还田（或桑果园）”循环农业模式等,最后就加快发展新型农业循环经济提出对策与建议。     

直喷式柴油机怠速工况燃烧循环波动分析

测量了怠速工况下直喷柴油机在不同供油提前角时的针阀升程及气缸压力,计算分析了各参数循环波动变化情况.结果表明,在怠速工况下,直喷柴油机平均指示压力的循环波动较大.随着供油提前角的增加,喷油提前,燃烧始点提前,最大燃烧压力增加,最大压力升高率变化不明显,它们对应相位提前,最大燃烧压力和平均指示压力的循环波动增加.通过对怠速工况各参数进行相关分析,讨论了影响最大燃烧压力波动的主要因素.     

采用粉末微电极循环伏安法估测锂离子电池炭负极材料的循环性能

阐明了采用粉末微电极循环伏安法估测锂离子电池(LIB)炭负极材料的循环性能的原理．采用该法研究了经高温热处理后具有良好贮锂结构的石油焦试样在1mol／L LiClO4／EC DEC(1：1)电解液中的循环性能．实验结果表明，该试样是一种循环性能优越的LIB负极材料：充、放电到第500循环时，放电容量仍保持了最大放电容量的85．02％，充、放电效率为94．96％；同时也证明了粉末微电极循环伏安法用于估测LIB炭负极材料的循环性能的可行性．     

外源性环核苷酸对山羊泌乳性能的影响

在山羊乳房基部皮下埋植外源性环核苷酸,可使血液和乳中环核苷酸浓度及其产乳量提高。统计表明,试验组与对照组之间血中的cGMP、乳中的cGMP和cAMP浓度以及产乳量均出现显著或极显著差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。试验组山羊的乳腺腺泡结构和机能均比对照组旺盛。