农业循环经济下稻秸秆综合利用概述

稻秸秆资源是一种重要的可再生资源,我国是一个具有丰富稻秸秆资源的国家。本文通过在农业循环经济模式的发展下,在可持续发展思想的指导下,对稻秸秆资源综合利用的循环发展模式及产生的效益进行阐述,说明其多元利用格局的形成,有利于实现环境保护与经济效益的双赢,有着极其广阔的发展前景。     

Nitric oxide impacts bovine sperm capacitation in a cGMP‐dependent and cGMP‐independent manner

We aimed to elucidate whether NO acts in in vitro sperm capacitation in bovine via cGMP/PKG1 pathway. For this, cryopreserved bovine sperm were capacitated in vitro with 20 µg/ml heparin (Control) plus treatments: 1 mM L‐arginine (L‐arg, NO precursor), 50 µM Rp‐8‐Bromo‐β‐phenyl‐1,N²‐ethenoguanosine‐3′,5′‐cyclic monophosphorothioate (Rp‐8‐Br‐cGMPS, selective inhibitor of the binding site for cGMP in PKG1), 1 mM 2‐Phenyl‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethylimidazoline‐1‐oxyl 3‐oxide (PTIO, NO scavenger), and the combinations of L‐arg + RP‐8‐Br‐cGMPS and L‐arg + PTIO. Sperm motility and vigour were determined by phase‐contrast microscopy, capacitation status by chlortetracycline staining, and the intracellular concentration of cGMP was measured by ELISA. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means compared with SNK test at 5% probability. Motility and vigour were lower in sperm treated with PTIO when compared to Control and other treatments (p < .05). The L‐arg treatment showed the highest percentage of capacitated sperm when compared to the Control and other treatments (Rp‐8‐Br‐cGMPS, L‐arg + Rp‐8‐Br‐cGMPS and PTIO) (69.8 ± 3.4%, 51.2 ± 3.0, 51.1 ± 2.1, 51.2 ± 3.0 and 45.5 ± 2.7, respectively) (p < .05). The capacitation ratio (%) was lower in treatments with Rp‐8‐Br‐cGMPS, L‐arg + Rp‐8‐Br‐cGMPS and PTIO, respectively (p < .05). Lastly, cGMP concentration (pmol/ml) was lower in PTIO and L‐arg + PTIO (1.3 ± 0.3 and 1.6 ± 0.4) and was higher in Rp‐8‐Br‐cGMPS and L‐arg + Rp‐8‐Br‐cGMPS (3.7 ± 0.4 and 4.0 ± 0.5) treatments. We showed that during in vitro capacitation of cattle: (a) NO influences sperm motility and vigour; (b) NO is associated with cGMP synthesis through two independent pathways and (c) the cGMP/PKG1 pathway has a partial role in sperm capacitation and does not involve the L‐arg/NO.     

福建省东山岛西埔湾港养斑鰶的繁殖生物学

本文研究了福建省东山岛西埔湾港养斑鰶性腺周期发育、成熟系数周年变化、个体生殖力以及雌雄同体。港养斑鰶能在半封闭式湾内发育成熟而且自然产卵。其卵细胞发育分为6个时相,精巢发育分为6期。卵膜由透明带、外放射带和内放射带组成,内有孔道结构。第4时相中期卵母细胞的内放射带有7～8层纤维状片层。产卵后鞘膜细胞和颗粒细胞分裂增殖变成游走的吞噬细胞。西埔湾港养斑鰶Ⅰ龄鱼初次性成熟,生殖季节从12月下旬至翌年3月下旬,生殖盛期为2月,雌鱼成熟系数高达17.88％。个体绝对生殖力为7575～72621粒,平均 35310粒,系属于分批产卵类型,第1批生殖力大于第2批。     

Anthelmintic Actions of the Cyclic Depsipeptide PF1022A and its Electrophysiological Effects on Muscle Cells of Ascaris suum

The cyclic depsipeptide PF1022A, given orally to mice, showed very good anthelmintic activity against Heligmosomoides polygyrus and Heterakis spumosa at 50 mg kg⁻¹. In vitro, PF1022A was very active against Trichinella spiralis and had good activity against Nippostrongylus brasiliensis at 1 μg ml⁻¹. An 18-membered enniatin analogue, JES 1798, showed good activity only against N. brasiliensis at 10 μg ml⁻¹. The optical antipode of PF1022A had poor activity even at 100 μg ml⁻¹. The effects of PF1022A on the membrane potential and input conductance of somatic muscle of Ascaris suum were examined using a two-microelectrode current-clamp technique. PF1022A did not antagonize the effects of the selective nicotinic agonist levamisole. PF1022A and an analogue, JES 1798, but not the PF1022A antipode, produced a small time-dependent increase in input conductance associated with no potential change. The increase in input conductance did not occur in the Cl⁻-free bathing solution, suggesting that the increase in input conductance was mediated by Cl⁻ ions. The addition of high concentrations of Ca²⁺ to the preparation after the addition of PF1022A did not lead to production of Ca²⁺-activated Cl⁻ channels, suggesting that its mode of action was not that of a Ca²⁺ ionophore. The mechanism by which the cyclic depsipeptide might increase the Cl⁻ conductance is discussed.     

双硫腙修饰玻碳电极溶出伏安法测定镉

建立了基于双硫腙修饰玻碳电极的电流型传感方法,并对其检测条件和性能进行优化。该法检测镉的回归方程为I_(Cd)=-8.152×10~(-7)-2.841×10~(-5) C(mg/L),R2=0.997 7(P0.0001),SD=1.3066×10~(-7),检测的线性范围为0.02~1.0mg/L,检测限为10μg/L,样品平均回收率超过95%。检测结果可靠,检测时间短,食品中常见的其他金属基本不会产生影响。     

基于酶催化沉积放大的检测芜菁花叶病毒的生物传感技术

提出了一种基于酶催化沉积放大检测芜菁花叶病毒(Turnip mosaic virus, TuMV)的生物传感技术。该方法先通过夹心免疫反应,将碱性磷酸酯酶标记的芜菁花叶病毒抗体固定到电极表面,然后通过碱性磷酸酯酶催化还原银离子在电极表面形成不溶性沉积物,从而放大电化学检测信号。考察了抗体的用量和沉积时间对免疫分析的影响,结果显示传感器信号响应与芜菁花叶病毒原液的浓度在10~1 000倍稀释范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限达到500 000倍芜菁花叶病毒原液稀释浓度。     

EMD在循环谱检测中的应用研究

为解决循环自相关函数对多分量信号解调时出现的交叉项干扰问题,文章提出一种基于经验模式分解(EMD)的方法,可有效消除交叉项干扰.     

Experimental Analysis on Energy Dissipation Mechanism and Seismic Performance of Steel Truss Coupling Beam-Coupled Shear Wall Structure

Pseudo-dynamic tests and low cyclic reversed loading tests on two-floor coupled shear wall planar structures were conducted, and one is arranged with two steel truss coupling beams, the other is arranged with a steel coupling beam and a RC coupling beam. The shear walls’ seismic response under different earthquake intensity was deliberated, Their failure mechanism, bearing capacity, hysteretic ductility, energy dissipation mechanism, and stiffness and strength degradation mechanism were analyzed as well. The results show that the shear wall with two steel truss coupling beams has reasonable stiffness distribution. Its energy dissipation mechanism, stiffness and strength degradation mechanism can fulfill the demands of coupled shear wall’s seismic design: under rare earthquake, it can maintain good bearing capacity and stiffness, and keep restraining the walls. Its seismic performance is superior to RC coupling beams-coupled shear wall system.     

Analysis of plastic flow characteristics based on bridge steel 16Mn ratcheting

Abstract:The analysis of the plastic flow characteristics on the basis of the ratcheting experimental results for the bridge steel 16Mn are carried out by calculatig the plastic modulus H and the angle θ between the backstress rate deviator and the plastic flowdirection. The different mechanisms causing uniaxial andmultiaxial non proportional ratchetting are illustrated, that is, the starting and evolution of uniaxial ratchetting is due to the different values of the plastic modulus H at the symmetric loading points with respect to the mean stress. On the other hand, the staring and evolution of multiaxial non proportional ratcheting is driven by H and θ variations. The influence of loading history on ratchetting is the result of the influence of loading history on the angle θ.     

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: The approach to the mechanism of calcitonin gene‐related peptide‐inducing inhibition of food intake

The aim of this study was to investigate the anorectic mechanism of calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) in rats. Intraperitoneal injection of CGRP (50 μg/kg) resulted in decline (p < 0.05) in the food intake of rats at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 h in comparison with saline control. Compared with saline‐treated group, the levels of hypothalamic 3′,5′‐cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and plasma glucagon were increased (p < 0.05) in CGRP‐treated group, but insulin level was decreased (p < 0.05). No significant changes (p > 0.05) in the plasma leptin were observed between two treatment groups. Calcitonin gene‐related peptide injection down regulated (p < 0.05) both neuropeptide Y (NPY) and melanin‐concentrating hormone (MCH) genes at mRNA levels, but up regulated (p < 0.05) the expression of cholecystokinin (CCK) gene. The correlations analysis showed that food intake was negatively correlated (p < 0.05) with CCK mRNA, cAMP and glucagon levels. Moreover, there existed negative correlations (p < 0.05) between MCH mRNA and glucagon levels, and positive correlations (p < 0.05) between insulin and leptin levels. The results showed that cAMP acting as the second messenger may play a vital role in the anorectic effects of CGRP. Calcitonin gene‐related peptide could stimulate anorexigenic neuropeptides (i.e. CCK) and/or inhibit orexigenic neuropeptides (i.e. NPY and MCH) expression, and ultimately suppressed food intake that was functionally coupled to cAMP/PKA pathway activation.