一种水下无线传感网络中节能跨层路由协议

为了提高水下无线传感器网络（Underwater Wireless Sensor Network,UWSN）的能量有效性,对节能路由策略进行研究.当给定源宿节点距离,通过多跳中继转发数据时,证明了一定存在能量最优的中继跳距.提出了一种节能的路由协议,节点通过适当的信息交换来获取邻居信息而不必知道全局信息,基于跨层设计的思想,在物理层根据反馈信息和最优跳距分配不同的功率级,在网络层寻找与理想路径临近的节点作为下一跳节点.仿真结果表明,该协议相对于FBR、VBF和DFR路由协议消耗更少的能量.     

月季远缘和品种间杂交亲本的选择

为了培育新奇花色、抗黑斑病的新优品种,对抗逆性强的蔷薇属其他植物与观赏性状优良的月季品种进行了远缘杂交及月季品种间杂交,同时结合花粉生活力、母本自然授粉结实情况,探究蔷薇属其他种或品种与月季品种间的杂交亲和性,筛选合适的杂交亲本。结果表明:在以白玉堂、单瓣黄刺玫、报春刺玫、玫瑰为父本与9个现代月季品种为母本的20个远缘杂交组合中,杂交亲和性较高的组合有‘雪山娇霞’×报春刺玫、‘雪山娇霞’×单瓣黄刺玫、‘橘红潮’×玫瑰、‘花房’×白玉堂,结实率在10.91%~37.5%。结合远缘杂交、品种间杂交以及母本自然授粉结实情况的调查,筛选出适合做母本的月季品种有‘绯扇’、‘电子表’、‘曼哈姆’、‘花房’、‘红帽子’‘橘红潮’和‘雪山娇霞’;结合远缘杂交、品种间杂交以及花粉生活力测定的结果,筛选出适合做父本的月季品种有‘电子表’、‘红法兰西’和‘绯扇’。     

地理探测器与Tobit模型在粤西地区粮食生产效率及影响因子分析中的比较应用

为明晰粤西地区粮食生产效率及其关键影响因子,实现优化资源配置效率和推进粮食生产转型升级,基于1999—2018年粤西地区茂名、阳江、湛江3市粮食生产数据,采用交叉效率DEA模型测算区域粮食生产效率,揭示近20年粮食生产效率的时空变化特征,并利用Tobit模型和地理探测器模型比较分析粮食生产效率的关键影响因子。结果表明：粤西地区粮食生产效率平均值为0.77,其中,茂名市粮食生产效率最高（0.88）,阳江市次之（0.78）,湛江市最低（0.65）。Tobit模型和地理探测器测算粤西地区粮食生产效率影响力（贡献力）最大的投入因子是农业机械总动力,分别为-1.082和0.942。Tobit模型测得的7个投入因子仅化肥施用量（0.015）与粮食生产效率呈显著正相关,有效灌溉面积、粮食播种面积、农药使用量3个因子与粮食生产效率相关性不显著,农用塑料薄膜使用量、从业人口、农业机械总动力3个因子呈显著负相关。而地理探测器测得所有因子均对粮食生产效率产生显著影响。阳江市投入因子贡献力与粤西地区大致相同,但化肥施用量贡献力高出有效灌溉面积0.008。湛江市与茂名市化肥和农药投入的贡献力仅次于农业机械总动力,有效灌溉面积贡献力均最低。但茂名市粮食播种面积的贡献力依次大于从业人口和农用塑料薄膜使用量,湛江市则相反。研究表明,20年来粤西地区粮食生产效率不高,整体呈中等效率水平,粮食生产效率先降后升的变化趋势显著;地理探测器测度结果无不显著因子存在,探测因子影响力比Tobit模型所得结果更稳定且偏误小;农业机械总动力是影响粤西3市粮食生产效率的主导因子,但不同城市粮食生产效率的因子贡献力差异较大,湛江和茂名对化肥、农药等污染较大的生产要素依赖性更强。     

几种蔷薇和‘月月粉’与现代月季杂交亲和性评价

以报春刺玫、单瓣黄刺玫、‘月月粉’和疏花蔷薇等抗性强、早花的蔷薇属资源作为父本,以大田栽培的现代月季作为母本进行杂交育种试验。结合前期育种工作,筛选出杂交亲和的组合有22个：‘Eyeopener’×报春刺玫、‘Berk Shire’×单瓣黄刺玫、‘Sally Holmes’×单瓣黄刺玫、‘Partidge’×单瓣黄刺玫、‘Partidge’×报春刺玫、‘Partidge’ב月月粉’、 ‘Partidge’×疏花蔷薇、‘Cambridgeshire’×单瓣黄刺玫、‘Robin Redbreast’×报春刺玫、‘Summer Sunrise’×报春刺玫、‘Tess of The Durbervilles’×报春刺玫、‘Petal Pushers’×报春刺玫、‘Laura Ford ×单瓣黄刺玫、‘Jill Dando ×单瓣黄刺玫、‘Jill Dando ×报春刺玫、‘Twenty\|fifth ×报春刺玫、‘Phea Sant ×报春刺玫、‘Grouse ×单瓣黄刺玫、‘Grouse ×报春刺玫、‘Summer Sunset’×单瓣黄刺玫、‘Anna Zinkeisen ×单瓣黄刺玫、‘Anna Zinkeisen ×疏花蔷薇。     

浅谈水稻超高产育种的现状与前景

简要回顾了水稻超高产育种的历史进程,指出了提高单产是增加粮食产量的根本。结合我国水稻超高产育种经典理论内容与实践,分析了水稻超高产育种的现状,提出了通过籼粳稻杂交、光敏核不育和广亲和基因等途径实现水稻超高产育种的方法。     

Influence of Abscisic Acid and the Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis Inhibitor, Norflurazon, on Interactions Between Phytophthora sojae and Soybean (Glycine max)

A comparison was made of the effects of abscisic acid (ABA) and the ABA biosynthesis inhibitor, norflurazon on the interaction between soybean leaves and Phytophthora sojae. Inoculation of leaves of cv. Harosoy resulted in a compatible interaction typified by the presence of spreading, water soaked lesions with ill-defined margins while inoculation of cv. Haro 1272 resulted in an incompatible interaction with lesions restricted to the inoculation site. Activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) slowly increased in the compatible interaction but in the incompatible interaction there was a rapid rise in activity within 8h after inoculation. When Haro 1272 plants were treated with ABA the normally incompatible interaction with race 1 was changed to what resembled a compatible interaction and activity of PAL was reduced to control levels. There was no visible effect on the compatible combination. In contrast when plants of cv. Harosoy were treated with norflurazon the normally compatible interaction with race 1 was changed to that which resembled an incompatible interaction and PAL activity increased to high levels rapidly. There was no effect of norflurazon on the incompatible interaction of cv. Haro 1272 with race 1. Stomata on leaves of cv. Harosoy treated with norflurazon closed within 2h of inoculation resembling the response of stomata in normal incompatible interactions but not compatible interactions where stomata remained open. On leaves of cv. Harosoy treated with norflurazon at sites 3 and 20mm from the inoculation point stomata also closed. These results extend and confirm the idea that ABA is a molecule that may regulate the outcome of the interaction between soybeans and P. sojae.     

杂交肉牛不同年龄,营养水平的肥育效果研究

利用利木赞与本地牛杂交一代7～8月龄公犊12头，10～11月龄公牛12头，供给日增重0．9千克，1．2千克和1．5千克营养水平的日粮，经120天肥育，结果表明：7～8月龄和10～11月龄高营养水平组平均日增重分别为1．274±0．06千克和1．340±0．15千克；7～8月龄组对不同营养水平敏感，各组间差异极显著（P＜0．01）；产肉性能以高营养水平组最好，屠宰率62．4％，净肉率52．98％，眼肌面积91平方厘米。     

Serological Evidence for Borrelia burgdorferi Infection Associated with Clinical Signs in Dairy Cattle in Slovakia

In the course of epizootological research on Lyme borreliosis in domestic and farm animals, the serological evidence for the occurrence of this zoonosis in cattle was screened. An ELISA showed that 25.2% of cattle from seven geographical areas in Slovakia were positive for anti-Borrelia IgG antibodies. In particular localities, the seroprevalence ranged from 0.6% to 34.3%. Of 33 cases with clinical signs, 20 ELISA-positive samples were also confirmed in Western blots. The most frequent clinical signs were lameness and swollen joints, but most of the cases were asymptomatic. The occurrence of Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies and suspected clinical signs in cattle of Slovak regions indicates that veterinarians should pay attention to this disease in their clinical practice and include it within the differential diagnosis.     

New developments in insecticide resistance in the glasshouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) and the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) in the UK

A recent survey of insecticide resistance in two of the most problematic pests in UK glasshouses revealed some new developments. At least some individuals in all UK samples of Trialeurodes vaporariorum that were tested resisted the insect growth regulator (IGR) buprofezin. The most strongly resistant strains were unaffected by the field application rate of this compound, and even samples from populations that had never been exposed to buprofezin contained individuals that survived the highest concentration applied (10,000 mg litre-1). The field rate of buprofezin was shown to select for resistance through vapour action alone. The benzophenylurea teflubenzuron, an unrelated IGR, was cross-resisted by buprofezin-resistant individuals. There was no evidence of resistance to imidacloprid, but all T vaporariorum strains tested, regardless of origin, exhibited a high innate tolerance to nicotine, when compared with another whitefly species, Bemisia tabaci. Marked resistance to fenbutatin oxide and tebufenpyrad was found in single glasshouse populations of Tetranychus urticae, but these compounds and abamectin appeared to remain highly effective against all other strains collected.     

贵州黄牛杂交F1代直线育肥技术研究

本试验采用6月龄左右的西门塔尔×关岭牛F1代10头、利木赞×关岭牛F1代10头、安格斯×关岭牛F1代10头进行了360 d的强度育肥饲养试验。结果表明，3种杂交牛平均体重分别为550、590、540 kg，平均日增重依序为1413、1485和1367g；每千克增重消耗饲料干物质分别为6.91、6.42、7.10 kg；每增重1 kg饲料成本分别为5.23、4.86、5.38元；净肉率差异不显著，分别为42.5 %、41.5 %和43.0 %。从而认为，贵州杂交黄牛通过直线育肥可以达到优质肉牛18～24月龄（即屠宰前）450～500 kg以上的生产性能。