在宽泛的稠度范围内估算面粉标准粉质参数的可行性探索

为在宽泛的稠度范围内检测和估算小麦的粉质参数以服务品质育种,本研究通过构建和应用复合粉质参数,并结合梯度加水、目测加水和误差控制技术,明显降低了加水量对测定结果的影响,成功建立了一系列逻辑算式和回归方程,定量描述了宽泛稠度与标准稠度（500 FU）下检测结果之间的转换关系,实现了标准检测结果的非直接测定。目测加水估计结果与对应标准值的相关性显示,形成时间、稳定时间、粉质质量指数和弱化度的估计标准值与标准值间的相关系数r=0.988～0.995;从不同途径推导出标准加水量预测的三个算式,其预测结果与标准值的相关系数r=0.983～0.995,综合预测效果明显优于单纯粉质仪内置软件的预测值。从而,用小而确定的样品量与一次目测加水测定（推荐稠度440～650 FU）估计标准检测结果,且可据此准确地调整加水量,直接测得达标的粉质参数。另外,借用逻辑算式还可将全部参数的达标值矫正为稠度500 FU时的标准值,使传统的粉质检测结果更加精准、更具可比性。     

Preliminary Study on the Activity of Phycobiliproteins against Botrytis cinerea

Phycobiliproteins (PBPs) are proteins of cyanobacteria and some algae such as rhodophytes. They have antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory activity at the human level, but there is a lack of knowledge on their antifungal activity against plant pathogens. We studied the activity of PBPs extracted from Arthrospira platensis and Hydropuntia cornea against Botrytis cinerea, one of the most important worldwide plant-pathogenic fungi. PBPs were characterized by using FT-IR and FT-Raman in order to investigate their structures. Their spectra differed in the relative composition in the amide bands, which were particularly strong in A. platensis. PBP activity was tested on tomato fruits against gray mold disease, fungal growth, and spore germination at different concentrations (0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, and 4.8 mg/mL). Both PBPs reduced fruit gray mold disease. A linear dose–response relationship was observed for both PBPs against disease incidence and H. cornea against disease severity. Pathogen mycelial growth and spore germination were reduced significantly by both PBPs. In conclusion, PBPs have the potential for being also considered as natural compounds for the control of fungal plant pathogens in sustainable agriculture.     

吐鲁番秋延设施黄瓜病虫害绿色防控技术

为确保吐鲁番生态安全、农产品安全生产和重要农产品的有效供给,对秋延晚设施黄瓜病虫害的绿色防控技术进行探索及总结,主要内容包括农业措施（清洁棚室、高温闷棚、品种选择、合理间作、科学灌溉）、物理措施（防虫网、黄板诱杀）、生物措施（合理利用生物药剂）及化学措施（合理用药）,实现了减少化学防治2～8次,667 m2节约成本240元左右,经济、生态、社会效益显著,助力农户节本增收和当地特色农业提质增效。     

金农糖橘的特征特性及配套栽培技术

金农糖橘是柑橘新品种,肉质脆嫩,汁多味浓甜,有香味、口感好、品质极优。该品种果实挂树期长,采摘上市时间弹性大,耐贮藏,市场发展前景好。本文概述了金农糖橘的特征特性,并分别从肥水管理、花果管理、病虫害防治等几个方面总结了该品种的栽培管理措施,以期为金农糖橘的品种推广提供依据。     

氯虫苯甲酰胺水分散粒剂对桃小食心虫的防治效果研究

本试验比较了不同浓度氯虫苯甲酰胺水分散粒剂对桃小食心虫的防治效果。结果表明:试验药剂35%氯虫苯甲酰胺水分散粒剂在水中分散性良好,700倍用药量(有效成分量为41.2 g/hm^2)防治桃小食心虫的速效性和持效性均良好,14 d后防效达到最大值,为99.1%。试验证明,氯虫苯甲酰胺水分散粒剂可用来防治果树桃小食心虫。     

鱼腥草白绢病的发生与防治

鱼腥草属药食两用植物,具有清热解毒、健胃消食、利尿通淋、增强机体免疫力等功效。鱼腥草是桂林市农民增收的重要经济作物之一。近年来,由于连年种植,导致鱼腥草白绢病发生严重,已经成为阻碍鱼腥草生产的一大因素。本文总结了鱼腥草白绢病的发病条件和规律,提出了鱼腥草白绢病的防治方法,即避免连作、科学选地、选种及种茎消毒、合理施肥、加强管理等,以期减少白绢病造成的损失,科学有效地防控白绢病的发生。     

桔小实蝇在云南蒙自地区的发生规律研究

桔小实蝇寄主范围广、繁殖量大、危害重,是世界性的重要检疫害虫。本文通过调查分析,研究了云南蒙自市的海拔、防治措施、果树种类三因素对桔小实蝇种群动态的影响。结果表明,桔小实蝇在1412 m低海拔地区的种群数量大于1608 m和1700 m高海拔地区的,这说明海拔越高,桔小实蝇种群数量越小,危害也越小。根据在相似海拔地区相同果园桔小实蝇种群数量的比较,发现严格按照本课题组探索的防治措施做好桔小实蝇防治能收到良好的效果。蒙自市的水果成熟期不同,随着各种水果的成熟,桔小实蝇种群动态会出现多个峰值,3~5月桔小实蝇种群高峰期主要出现在枇杷园,7~10月主要出现在石榴园、小红枣园和水蜜桃园。对桔小实蝇在蒙自种群动态的调查,能够为下一步防治措施的制定做好准备。     

利用天敌防治葡萄园害虫研究进展

葡萄是一种重要的经济水果,除鲜食外还可用于酿酒、制干、制汁等。在葡萄挂果到收获期间采用化学药剂来防治园内害虫极有可能造成农药残留,危害人体健康。利用天敌防治葡萄园内害虫是确保葡萄及其制品质量安全的重要途径。总结了国内外葡萄园常见害虫的主要捕食性和寄生性天敌,以及利用天敌防治葡萄园重要虫害的策略,并探讨了该领域目前存在的问题及未来的研究方向。     

基于全产业链视角的食用菌产业经济效益分析

依照食用菌产业链关系,有效反映以价值转让和食用菌产品生产为主线的企业联系,并体现企业彼此间在市场供需关系基础上建立的内在关联。发展食用菌产业具备成本低、周期短、市场潜力大以及产生经济效益高等积极效应,利用食用菌产品投入产出比值方法,计算投入产出数值,衡量经济效益水平高低,有效评价食用菌产业经济效益。依据食用菌产业发展趋势,提出增加科研及技术投入,推动产业链发展、以及加强食用菌产业规划两点策略,以促进食用菌产业经济效益提升。     

Application to soil of disinfectants through irrigation reduces Verticillium dahliae in the soil and verticillium wilt of olive

The application of disinfectants through drip irrigation could be a feasible practice against verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae) of olive. OX-VIRIN (activated peroxide) and OX-AGUA AL25 (quaternary ammonium compounds) are two disinfectants that have shown efficacy against V. dahliae in irrigation water and potential for reducing the disease in young olive plants. In this work, various post-planting application strategies incorporating OX-VIRIN (once a month, or twice a month on alternate or successive weeks) or OX-AGUA AL25 (once a month, or twice a month on alternate weeks) were assessed for their effect on V. dahliae in soil, disease in olive trees, and olive yield, in a 2-year pot-experiment under natural environmental conditions. The disinfectants were injected via metering pumps into a drip irrigation system that irrigated olive trees planted in V. dahliae-inoculated soil. All the application strategies significantly reduced the total inoculum density in soil compared to controls with no disinfectants and noninoculated soil. The microsclerotia density was also significantly reduced in disinfested soils by 73.6–86.8%, depending on the strategy. The symptoms and infection incidence were always lower in treatments subjected to disinfestation. The treatment with OX-AGUA AL25 applied twice a month on alternate weeks most reduced the symptoms (by 53.0%) and colonization index (by 70.8%) with respect to untreated water control. This soil disinfestation also significantly strengthened the symptom remission. Tree growth and production were negatively affected by soil inoculation (reduced by 45.6% and 88.7%, respectively), but not so by disinfectants, which even relieved the reduction in inoculated soils, especially when OX-AGUA AL25 was applied.