Narbon Vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.): A Potential Feed Legume Crop for Dry Areas in West Asia

Provision of feed supplies for the rapidly growing livestock population is essential in West Asia. Shortages can be alleviated by growing forage crops in the existing fallow lands.
Narbon vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.) is a leguminous species with high yield potential, drought tolerance and cold resistance. It could be used for grain and straw production as source for animal feed in dry areas. It is good source of protein with seeds contain 28 % protein yielding 364 kg per hectare protein, whilst straw contains 9 % protein and yields a similar amounts of digestible protein per hectare.
Nine promising lines of Narbon vetch developed at ICARDA were tested at two sites over four years under rainfed conditions. Since climatic conditions were considered to be of considerable importance, each site in each year was treated as a separate environment to give eight environments with annual rainfall varied from 195 to 504 mm.
Narbon vetch possessed high seedling vigour with rapid winter growth and negligible cold damage. Grain yield varied form 0.47 to 1.90 t/ha, with a harvest index varying from 30 to 40 %. The data indicated that below 300 mm rainfall the grain yield varied from 0.47 t/ha when rain fall was 195 mm to 1.4 t/ha when rainfall was 245 mm. Most of the lines had wide adaptation to dry areas in terms of both grain yield and stability. Climate, except early spring rains had little effect on biological and grain yields.     

Stoffbildung, CO2-Gaswechsel, Kohlenhydrat- und Stickstoffgehalt von Winterweizen bei erhöhter CO2-Konzentration und Trocken-streß

Dry Matter Production, CO₂ Exchange, Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Content of Winter Wheat at Elevated CO₂ Concentration and Drought Stress
Methods of mathematical modelling and simulation are being used to an increasing degree in estimating the effects of rising atmospheric CO₂ concentration and changing climatic conditions on agricultural ecosystems. In this context, detailed knowledge is required about the possible effects on crop growth and physiological processes. To this aim, the influence of an elevated CO₂ concentration and of drought stress on dry matter production, CO₂ exchange, and on carbohydrate and nitrogen content was studied in two winter wheat varieties from shooting to milk ripeness. Elevated CO₂ concentration leads to a compensation of drought stress and at optimal water supply to an increase of vegetative dry matter and of yield to the fourfold value. This effects were caused by enhanced growth of secondary tillers which were reduced in plants cultivated at atmospheric CO₂ concentration. Analogous effects in the development of ear organs were influenced additionally by competitive interactions between the developing organs. The content and the mass of ethanol soluble carbohydrates in leaves and stems were increased after the CO₂ treatment and exhausted more completely during the grain filling period after drought stress. Plants cultivated from shooting to milk ripeness at elevated CO₂ concentration showed a reduced response of net photosynthesis rate to increasing CO₂ concentration by comparison with untreated plants. The rate of dark respiration was increased in this plants.     

镉胁迫下富铁有机肥对芒草生长及镉富集的影响

为了探究镉胁迫下富铁有机肥对芒草生长及镉富集的影响,通过盆栽试验,设置CK（不施肥）、ZCK（施加普通有机肥）和Z2、Z3（施加不同浓度富铁有机肥）处理。结果表明：与CK相比,所有施肥处理均促进了芒草生长,改善了土壤理化性质,抑制了芒草富集重金属,且其中Z2、Z3比ZCK对芒草生长的效果更好。相对于ZCK,Z3的芒草干质量显著增加了131.80%,Z2的芒草根长显著增加了54.22%。此外,Z2地上部的镉含量相比于ZCK显著降低了49.86%,Z3地下部的镉含量相比于CK显著降低了58.94%。研究表明,施加富铁有机肥相对于普通有机肥更能有效促进芒草生长并抑制芒草对镉的富集,该肥料具有对轻度镉污染土壤进行边修复边生产的应用潜力。     

生物炭对盐碱条件下海滨锦葵根系与土壤特性的影响

为探索生物炭对盐碱条件下植物根系与土壤特性的影响,以海滨锦葵为材料,在盐碱土壤中添加不同含量的生物炭,测定植株根系活力、根系生长、土壤pH值、土壤电导率、土壤容重、土壤孔隙度等指标。结果显示:在盐碱胁迫下,添加生物炭提高了海滨锦葵根系活力,中高浓度生物炭明显促进植株根系生长,土壤pH值与电导率均降低,土壤容重呈上升趋势,而土壤孔隙度呈现下降趋势。经比较,5.0%和7.5%生物炭对盐碱条件下海滨锦葵根系发育与土壤特性的调控效果相对较好。     

灌浆初期高温胁迫对水稻籽粒活性氧积累及产量形成的影响

【目的】研究灌浆初期高温胁迫对水稻籽粒活性氧积累及产量形成的影响,为耐热水稻种质资源的筛选和鉴定提供理论依据。【方法】以长江中下游地区普遍推广种植的8个水稻品种为材料,在灌浆初期进行高温胁迫（38 ℃/32 ℃,昼/夜）,研究各水稻品种在灌浆初期高温胁迫下的ROS含量、抗氧化酶活性、淀粉合成相关酶活性、产量及其构成要素以及稻米品质的差异。【结果】与对照相比,灌浆初期高温胁迫导致水稻籽粒O^-₂·和H₂O₂含量及抗氧化酶活性显著增加。在不同水稻品种中,淀粉合成相关酶活性对灌浆初期高温胁迫的响应具有差异性。高温胁迫下,产量损失较大水稻品种的O^-₂·和H₂O₂含量增幅较大,淀粉合成酶活性受高温胁迫影响也较大。灌浆初期高温胁迫导致水稻结实率、千粒质量、收获指数和产量显著下降,其中黄华占和湘两优900的产量损失较小,在灌浆初期的耐热性较强;粤王丝苗、泰优390和湘两优2号的产量损失较大,在灌浆初期的耐热性弱。灌浆初期高温胁迫导致糙米率、精米率和淀粉含量显著下降,垩白粒率和垩白度增加。高温胁迫下,产量损失较大水稻品种的淀粉含量下降幅度较大,稻米品质受高温胁迫影响也较大。在高温胁迫下,水稻产量与ROS含量显著负相关,而与抗氧化酶活性显著正相关。产量、籽粒加工指标、淀粉含量和淀粉合成酶活性的抗逆系数与ROS含量的抗逆系数显著负相关,而与抗氧化酶活性的抗逆系数显著正相关。【结论】灌浆初期高温胁迫导致水稻籽粒ROS过量积累是降低淀粉合成酶活性和淀粉含量,进而导致产量和稻米外观加工品质下降的重要因素。ROS的增加量可作为灌浆初期水稻耐热性评价的参考指标。     

桂花OfWRKY120基因鉴定及盐胁迫响应功能研究

【目的】根据前期基因家族鉴定分析得到OfWRKY120,对该基因盐胁迫响应的功能进行分析,为桂花盐胁迫下的调控机制研究奠定基础。【方法】利用生物信息学方法对OfWRKY120保守结构域、系统进化进行分析,并采用qRT-PCR技术研究盐胁迫下OfWRKY120在桂花叶片中的相对表达量。构建OfWRKY120超表达载体,使用亚细胞定位、酵母自激活检测等探究其特性,将该基因瞬时转化本氏烟草后,对烟草进行盐处理,利用DAB、NBT染色和相关生理指标的测定,解析瞬时转化OfWRKY120对本氏烟草耐盐性的影响。【结果】OfWRKY120基因全长为1 422 bp,编码474个氨基酸,存在WRKY superfamily保守结构域。盐胁迫能够激活桂花叶片中OfWRKY120的表达,在72 h时相对表达量最高,与对照有显著差异。亚细胞定位结果表明,OfWRKY120定位于细胞核。酵母自激活结果显示OfWRKY120无自激活活性。盐胁迫后,OfWRKY120瞬时过表达植株的超氧阴离子(O^-₂·)和脯氨酸含量显著高于空载对照,且DAB和NBT染色表现出更深的颜色。本氏烟草中的qRT-PCR结果显示,OfWRKY120显著降低了NbCAT的表达,而显著提高了NbP5CS1、NbP5CS2和NbP5CR的表达。【结论】OfWRKY120过表达增加了盐胁迫下本氏烟草中活性氧（ROS）的含量,导致植物对盐胁迫的敏感性提高。     

农产品冷链物流高质量发展水平评价及障碍度分析

推动冷链物流高质量发展,对减少农产品产后损失、扩大消费品优质供给、保障食品安全有重要作用。基于我国2012-2021年统计数据,构建了包括经济基础、物流发展、冷链运营、开放创新、绿色协调5个一级指标及21个二级指标的农产品冷链物流高质量发展评价指标体系,利用熵值法确定各指标的权重,综合评价指数确定得分水平,借助障碍度模型分析发展障碍因子。结果显示：我国农产品冷链物流高质量发展水平总体呈上升趋势且增速较快,到2021年水平值达到0.85,是初始状态的近13倍,其中开放创新水平的贡献度最高;阻碍高质量发展的障碍因素在2017年之前为开放创新水平,之后则是绿色协调水平。为进一步提高我国农产品冷链物流高质量发展水平,需要充分利用国内外两个市场、促进产业协同、发展绿色低碳物流。     

草莓对干旱胁迫生理及分子响应研究进展

干旱胁迫不仅会引起草莓大面积减产,还会直接影响果实的品质,已成为我国栽培品种草莓减产的主要非生物因子之一。本文主要综述干旱胁迫对草莓产量和品质、生理生化特性及部分基因表达的影响;此外,详细介绍了国内外在提高草莓干旱耐受性方面取得的研究进展和成果,以期为研究草莓耐旱机制和选育耐旱性优良的草莓新品种提供一定的参考依据和理论支持。     

Effects of astragaloside on the levels of sex hormone and oxidative stress injury in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome

AIM To investigate the effects of astragaloside on the levels of sex hormone and oxidative stress in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS）. METHODS Female SD rats （n=60） were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, Diane-35 （0.339 2 mg/kg） group, low dose astragaloside （12.5 mg/kg） group and high dose astragaloside （50 mg/kg） group, with 12 rats in each group. The PCOS model was induced by letrozole （1 mg/kg）, which was administered by gavage once a day for 3 weeks. After administration, the estrus cycle of the rats was observed by vaginal smear, and the ovarian index was calculated. HE staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of the ovaries. Serum levels of the sex hormones testosterone （T）, estradiol （E₂）, luteinizing hormone （LH） and follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH） were measured by ELISA. The levels of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, malondialdehyde （MDA） and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） in serum and ovarian tissue were detected by colorimetry, and the protein levels of steroidogenetic acute regulatory protein （StAR） and apoptosis-related proteins cleaved caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 in ovarian tissue were detected by Western blot. RESULT Compared with control group, the oestrous cycle of the rats in model group was disorder, and the ovarian index was increased, ovary was polycystic. The serum levels of T, LH and MDAwere significantly increased （P<0.05）, while the contents of E2, FSH and the activities of GSH-Px and SOD were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. The levels of MDA, StAR, cleaved caspase-3 and Bax proteins in ovarian tissue were significantly up-regulated （P<0.05）. GSH-Px and SOD activities and Bcl-2 protein levels were significantly down-regulated （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION Astragalosideeffectively balances the levels of sex hormone in PCOS rats and relieves the oxidative stress injury, the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of StAR expression.