牛白血病的诊断与预防

对牛白血病的病原、流行特点、病理变化、临床症状、诊断、防治措施等方面进行了介绍,旨在为该病的防治提供参考。     

慢性前列腺炎伴抑郁症的中医证候特征研究

目的 探讨慢性前列腺炎伴抑郁症的中医证候分布特点。方法 选取符合病例诊断标准的110例患者进行临床证候调查,根据其临床表现,结合中医证候诊断标准,辨证分析确定其证型;将数据进行统计学处理,分析研究对象各中医证型、证候要素分布的特点。结果 110例患者共计12种证候,包含病位类证素6个,病性类证素11个。实性证候要素中以肝郁、气滞为基本要素,虚性证候要素中以肾虚、脾虚为主,各证候要素按出现频率高低依次为:肝郁 >气滞 >湿热 >肾虚 >痰湿 >脾虚 >血瘀 >心虚 >气虚 >阴虚 >阳虚。结论 慢性前列腺炎伴抑郁症患者中医证候分布具有一定特征性,早期多以实证为主,后期为虚实夹杂证,肾虚肝郁、痰湿瘀阻是其基本病机,为指导临床辨证论治提供了一定的理论依据。     

从“久卧伤气”探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并坠积性肺炎发病机制

长期卧床的慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD）患者,痰液等分泌物易阻塞于呼吸道,甚则肺部形成瘀血,极易引发坠积性肺炎。中医认为“久卧伤气”,气伤则虚、气伤痰阻、气伤血瘀,终致痰瘀互结。COPD患者肺、脾、肾虚,痰瘀交阻,久卧于床则加重三脏之虚,痰瘀益甚而合并坠积性肺炎。故从COPD并发坠积性肺炎的中医病机出发,深入剖析“久卧伤气”与COPD并发坠积性肺炎的关系,以期为临床诊疗提供理论基础。     

参附养心汤对老年阳虚水泛型慢性心力衰竭患者心功能及血清IL-6、TNF-α、hs-CRP水平的影响

目的 观察参附养心汤治疗老年阳虚水泛型慢性心力衰竭的临床效果。方法 将老年阳虚水泛型慢性心力衰竭患者92例随机分为观察组和对照组,每组46例。对照组采用西医常规治疗,观察组在对照组治疗方法基础上给予参附养心汤治疗。治疗4周后,对两组患者临床疗效、脑钠肽（BNP）、6 min步行距离、心功能指标[左心室舒张末期容积（LVEDV）、收缩末期容积（LVESV）、左心室射血分数（LVEF）]及细胞炎性因子[白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）、超敏C-反应蛋白（hs-CRP）]进行比较。结果 治疗4周后,观察组总有效率为89.1%,显著高于对照组71.7%,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组的BNP水平显著低于对照组,而6 min步行距离显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组的LVEDV、LVESV均显著低于对照组,而LVEF高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组的血清hs-CRP、IL-6及TNF-α水平均显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 参附养心汤能显著改善老年阳虚水泛型慢性心力衰竭患者的心功能指标,降低BNP水平,减轻炎症反应,提高运动耐量,疗效显著。     

国医大师孙光荣论“中医优势病种”

系统介绍孙光荣教授有关“中医优势病种”的论述。“中医优势病种”是指中医治疗疗效确切、药物毒副作用相对较小的病种;或西医治疗尚未有好方法、好疗效,但中医却能明显改善某个症状的病种;以及艾滋病、非典等传染性疾病。“中医优势病种”主要包含病毒感染性疾病、功能失调性疾病、疾病缓解期或慢性期、原因不明的各类疾病、病情复杂的疑难杂症以及疾病的综合调理等方面。     

不同剂量大黄附子细辛汤对慢性肾功能衰竭脾肾阳虚证患者肾功能、CRP、IL-6及TNF-a的影响

目的 探讨不同剂量大黄附子细辛汤对慢性肾衰竭脾肾阳虚证患者炎症因子及临床疗效的观察。方法 120例确诊的慢性肾功能衰竭脾肾阳虚证患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各60例,两组在常规治疗基础之上,对照组给予小剂量大黄附子细辛汤,治疗组给予大剂量大黄附子细辛汤,观察两组患者治疗前后尿素氮（BUN）、血肌酐（Scr）、血清胱抑素C（CysC）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-a （TNF-a）水平、药物不良反应及临床疗效。结果 两组患者血清BUN、Scr、CysC、IL-6、TNF-a较治疗前均明显降低,治疗组下降幅度更为显著（P<0.05）,治疗组治疗后中医证候积分及综合疗效均优于对照组（P<0.05）,治疗后2组安全性比较无显著差异（P>0.05）。结论 大剂量大黄附子细辛汤对慢性肾功能衰竭脾肾阳虚证患者中有助于改善肾功能,降低炎症因子水平,可能与降低血清炎性因子IL-6、TNF-a值,发挥抗炎及促进肾代谢作用有关。     

Learning performances of honeybees (Apis mellifera L) are differentially affected by imidacloprid according to the season

To establish the sublethal concentrations domain, acute and chronic oral tests were conducted on caged honeybee workers (Apis mellifera L) using imidacloprid and a metabolite, 5-OH-imidacloprid, under laboratory conditions. The latter showed a 48-h oral LD50 value (153 ng per bee) five times higher than that of imidacloprid (30 ng per bee). Chronic feeding tests indicated that the lowest observed effect concentrations (LOEC) of imidacloprid and of 5-OH-imidacloprid on mortality of winter bees were 24 and 120 microg kg(-1) respectively. Behavioural effects of imidacloprid and 5-OH-imidacloprid were studied using the olfactory conditioning of proboscis extension response at two periods of the year. Winter bees surviving chronic treatment with imidacloprid and 5-OH-imidacloprid had reduced learning performances. The LOEC of imidacloprid was lower in summer bees (12 microg kg(-1)) than in winter bees (48 microg kg(-1)), which points to a greater sensitivity of honeybees behaviour in summer bees, compared to winter bees.     

Normal haematopoiesis,cellular components and stainable iron content in the bone marrow of camels (Camelus dromedarius)

Bone marrow samples were collected from the ribs of 20 healthy adult male Iranian camels (Camelus dromedarius). The bone marrow smears were stained using Wright's stain. Blood samples were collected at the same time for routine haematological examination. The development and morphology of the blood cells in the bone marrow of the camels were similar to those of other domestic species. The mean myeloid/erythroid ratio was 1.21, the mean erythroid percentage was 42.7% and the mean myeloid percentage was 52.0%. The mean percentage of other cells was 5.3%. The mean percentage of eosinophils in the myeloid series was higher than in other domestic species. Iron stores, estimated from Perl's stain, ranged from scant (1+) to moderate (3+) but most samples had 2+ iron content. All peripheral blood results were within reference ranges.     

Chronic progressive lymphoedema in draught horses

The objective of this review was to summarise and evaluate the current state of knowledge about chronic progressive lymphoedema in draught horses. Clinical signs of this multifactorial disorder are mainly restricted to the lower limbs, comprising progressively deteriorating skin, swelling and deformation. Although typical lesions were first reported at the beginning of the 20th century, chronic progressive lymphoedema was recognised as a specific syndrome only in 2003, and since then research has driven forward. Despite the high prevalence in some breeds and the serious economic impact, the pathogenesis is not fully understood, and the available treatment options remain symptomatic and noncurative. There is a need to improve diagnostic techniques and to develop selection tools.