马尾松纯林改造成针阔混交林后土壤化学性质的变化

在25 a生的马尾松林下分别套种火力楠、闽粤栲、苦槠、格氏栲、青栲和拉氏栲等阔叶树种的1 a生幼苗,16年后形成郁闭的针阔混交异龄林。土壤化学分析结果显示,在马尾松林下套种阔叶树(除青栲外)明显增加了林下表层土壤(0~20 cm)的有机质含量。各林分下土壤全K、全M g、全C a、全N和全P的平均含量分别为11.41,6.64,4.33,1.45,0.46 g/kg,表明土壤K、M g、C a的含量比较丰富,而N和P则相对缺乏,营造混交林在一定程度上增加了土壤N、P含量。所有混交林深层土壤(20~60 cm)的有效N、P含量均大于马尾松纯林,而有效K的含量则相反。混交林下0~20 cm,20~40 cm和40~60 cm土壤的平均pH值分别为4.40,4.61和4.68,而马尾松纯林下各土层的pH值则依次为4.39,4.41及4.42,说明在马尾松林下套种阔叶树在一定程度上降低了20 cm以下土层的活性酸度。套种阔叶树(除苦槠外)后由于降低了土壤交换性酸度,增加了土壤盐基离子浓度,从而明显提高了土壤盐基饱和度。     

环保型长效化肥聚脲甲醛的合成研究

合成了环保型长效聚脲甲醛化肥 ,并对其合成的全过程进行了研究 ,结果表明反应温度为50℃～ 6 0℃ ,反应的第一阶段 pH值为 8,反应的第二阶段 pH值小于 4时 ,能获得较高产率的制品 ,最后对产物进行了表征     

机械设备等间距大修费的季节周期预测法

根据机械设备等间距大修的特点。研究提出适用于该类机械设备维修费预测的新方法，即季节周期预测法。示例计算表明，运用此法对等间距大修维修费进行预测，具有较高的精度。     

3种果实的超微结构X-射线能谱元素分析

应用X-射线能谱微区分析法测定果实的超微结构元素分析.结果显示:核桃、枣、葡萄不同组织中共发现Mg、Al、Si、P、S、Cl、K、Ca和Fe等9种元素.果实不同组织中各元素分布有差异.但各组织中K元素含量均较高.而核桃子叶组织中S、P元素较丰富.     

西藏林芝地区景观生态格局分析

应用景观生态学原理和方法,利用遥感技术和地理信息系统,结合森林资源二类调查,在ARC/INFO支持下,对西藏林芝地区的景观格局与空间异质性作了定量描述。结果表明:林芝地区共划分为14个景观要素类型,形成以自然景观、半自然景观和管理景观为主的生态空间格局。其中:自然景观保持着较好的原始状态;半自然景观受干扰的程度最重、景观破碎强烈;其次为管理景观。这反映出林芝地区生态环境退化的趋势。     

基于化学成分和DNA分子标记的甘草质量评价研究进展

甘草为多来源药用植物且影响品质的因素很多,需要完善的质量评价标准对甘草的质量进行评价。该研究以化学成分和DNA分子标记2个方面为切入点,从国内外现有法定标准、光谱指纹图谱、色谱指纹图谱、DNA分子标记等方面对近年来甘草质量评价的研究进行了综述,以期为建立完善的甘草质量评价准则提供参考依据。     

Spatial Evolution of Tourism-Oriented Rural Residential Space: A Case Study of Xiaochuanfangyu Village,Dongshuichang Village and Maojiayu Village in Jizhou District,Tianjin

Currently, rural residential space can't continue to meet the growing demand for tourism receptions because of the development of rural tourism, resulting in the evolution and reconstruction of residential space in rural areas. In the past decade, rural tourism has become the main driving force for industrial transformation and economic growth in rural areas of China. Taking three tourism-oriented villages in Jizhou District, Tianjin, namely Xiaochuanfangyu Village, Dongshuichang Village and Maojiayu Village, as the objects of the research, this paper analyzed the influence of rural tourism on the evolution of rural residential space from the perspectives of the spatial pattern and architectural style at the microscopic scale.     

Review on the roles and effects of growing media on plant performance in green roofs in world climates

Growing media (substrate) is a fundamental part of a green roof, providing water, nutrients and support to plants. However, little research has reviewed how it affects plant performances in different climatic regions. This study aims to analyse published research on green roof growing medium across world’s climate zones. Findings are structured according to Köppen–Geiger climate classification, aiming to investigate the prevalence of research conducted in different climate zones. Results from full-scale studies and laboratory or greenhouse experiments were reviewed. The later were included as they provide systematic knowledge on the effect of individual factors on system performances although cannot provide climate specific information. Studies discussed effects of major substrate components and depths on plant survival and establishment using standard test procedures. Results showed that most research in the subject were in temperate (group C climate classification), continental (group D) and dry climates (group B), respectively. Considerable number of investigations was conducted in controlled laboratory or greenhouse environments. Based on the results, future green roof research and guidelines should consider climate specifications of the region in designing growing medium, depths and attribute of green roof substrates in order to ensure enhanced plant performance. Especially, for more fragile but less investigated dry climate, considerations should be made to tackle heat fluctuations and drought stress by enhancing water holding capacity and thermal isolation of the substrate. To move forward, sustainable building solutions as a part of future urban forms, climate-adaptive green roof systems should be included into future research, practice and guidelines.     

The use of entomopathogenic fungi for the control of stored-grain insects

The present contribution discusses the recent advances in the biological control of stored-grain insects with entomopathogenic fungi (EF). Thus, the effect of formulated vs. unformulated strains of EF and the effect of combinations of EF with other components, i.e. diatomaceous earths (DEs), chemical insecticides, natural products and natural enemies against stored-product insects are reviewed. Very few formulations of EF strains have been developed and used, of which invert emulsion formulation (water-in-oil type) is considered the most important. A synergistic effect of EF is produced by combining them with DEs, chemical insecticides and natural products but not with natural enemies belonging to arthropods. Moreover, since the action of EF against insect pests in general, and stored-grain insects in particular, is compatible with the food safety and environmental regulations, a good perspective for these biocontrol agents is expected as alternatives to synthetic insecticides. The potential areas of future research on the effective use of EF as biocontrol agents of stored-grain insects and the constraints that are associated with the registration and commercialization of EF as biopesticides under storage conditions are also discussed. Suggestions for the possible ways for implementation of this technology in storage systems are also provided in the present study.     

松嫩平原不同演替阶段植物群落和土壤特性的关系

探讨了松嫩草原植物群落演替与土壤化学性质与土壤肥力的关系。结果表明：不同演替群落阶段，其土壤的化学性质和肥力存在一定差异，由于土壤化学性质不同，使群落镶嵌分布，组成植被的复合体。随着植被的退化演替，群落的盖度，高度下降，种类组成趋于简单化，生物量减少，土壤盐碱化程度加重，土壤肥力下降，出现次生盐碱植物群落，群落的生物量与土壤值，含盐量，碱化度呈负相关，与土壤腐殖质和全氮含量呈正相关。