茶树育种品质早期化学鉴定——Ⅰ.鲜叶的主要生化组分与红茶品质的关系

用直线和曲线模型,模拟分析了38个品种(系)一芽二三叶鲜叶中的主要生化组分与红茶感官品质的关系。结果表明,水浸出物(We)与红茶品质(BQ)的关系可用直线模型(BQ=67.1204+0.4196We)来模拟;茶多酚(Ph)、咖啡碱(Cf)与红茶品质的关系宜用渐近曲线模型(BQ=91.9736-206.0034 Ph~(-1),BQ=89.8686-26.9622 Cf~(-1))来描述;氨基酸(A),酚氨比(P/A)与红茶品质的关系可用二次曲线[BQ=73.84+15.4138A-4.9612A~2,BQ     

桑条高产栽培及其制浆造纸研究

为探究桑条高产栽培方式,以湖桑32号为材料研究了肥料用量、栽植密度、基桩年龄及留条数对桑条生物量的影响,结果表明施有机肥30 000 kg/hm2、栽植密度30 000株/hm2的栽培方式下,桑条生物量相对最高。同时为了分析桑条在造纸工业的利用价值,以桑树、毛白杨、沙兰杨、大官杨、泡桐5种树种进行制浆造纸物理强度试验,发现桑条多数物理强度指标表现优异,通过改良化机浆制浆,桑条机浆的理化性质符合国家标准,桑条漂白浆性能优良,该结果可为桑条高产栽培及造纸资源的开发利用奠定基础。     

不同羽色和性别番鸭屠宰性能及肌肉成分比较研究

研究旨在比较不同羽色及性别番鸭在屠宰性能及肌肉成分上的差别,为选育优良番鸭品种提供依据。试验选取1日龄黑羽番鸭、白羽番鸭及黑白花番鸭公、母共324羽,按羽色、性别分为6个处理,每处理设6个重复,每重复9只鸭,各处理饲喂相同日粮,试验期90d。结果表明：雄性黑羽番鸭屠宰率、全净膛率显著高于雄性白羽及黑白花羽番鸭（P〈0．05）,而雌性黑白花番鸭及白羽番鸭的胸肌率和瘦肉率相近且均显著高于雌性黑羽番鸭（P〈0．05）;各处理番鸭肌肉中汞、镉、砷、铅含量无显著差异（P〉0．05）,且均很微量;各同羽色雄性番鸭肌肉水分、无氮浸出物和粗蛋白质含量均基本略高于其同羽色雌性番鸭,而各处理雌性番鸭肌肉粗脂肪、粗灰分含量则高于其同羽色的雄性番鸭;雄性白羽番鸭和黑白花番鸭肌肉粗蛋白质含量相近且均显著高于雄性黑羽番鸭（P〈0．05）;各同羽色番鸭中基本上肌肉氨基酸含量均以雄性高于雌性,而同性别的番鸭比较,雄性白羽番鸭肌肉中多种氨基酸的含量显著高于雄性黑羽及雄性黑白花羽番鸭（P〉0．05）;同时雌性各羽色番鸭肌肉中多种氨基酸含量呈现出：黑白花番鸭〉黑羽番鸭〉白羽番鸭,但该趋势不显著（P〉0．05）。试验结果表明,雄性黑羽番鸭屠宰性能有一定优势,白羽番鸭肌肉养分和氨基酸含量优势明显。     

Cinosulfuron: chemical and biological degradability, adsorption and dissipation in flooded paddy field sediment

Cinosulfuron is a sulfonylurea herbicide largely used in the extensive cultures of flooded rice in North Italy. The degradation of cinosulfuron has been investigated in sterile aqueous solutions at 30 degrees C at different pH values. It was rapidly degraded at acidic pH (half-lives 3, 9 and 43 days at pH 4, 5 and 6, respectively) while the half-life was > 1 year at pH 7 and 9. Two degradation products formed by cleavage of the sulfonylurea bridge were identified by LC-MS. Degradation by selected mixed microbial cultures tested in aerobic and anaerobic conditions was very slow and attributable to chemical hydrolysis due to the acidic pH of the cultural broths. Degradation took place in freshly collected rice field water treated for two years with cinosulfuron but, in this case also, chemical hydrolysis prevailed over microbial degradation. In contrast, in flooded sediment simulating the paddy field environment, the dissipation rate of cinosulfuron was higher than expected from chemical hydrolysis according to the pH of the system, indicating the involvement of soil microflora. Although the herbicide exhibited a reduced affinity for the sediment surfaces demonstrated by the low value of the K(f) Freundlich coefficient (0.87 on a micromolar basis), the rapid dissipation observed in the simulated paddy field should prevent its leaching to ground water.     

中药凤尾草的研究进展

凤尾草是一种传统的药用植物,具有很高的药用价值,应用前景广阔。本文综述了凤尾草的鉴定、临床应用、药理作用和化学成分的研究概况,为中药凤尾草资源开发与合理利用提供依据。     

陕西省果树黑星病发生现状及药剂防治策略

苹果、梨黑星病的初侵染发生率高低和发病中心的形成与当年5～6月份降雨量密切相关 ,而流行则与7～8月份降雨量密切相关 ,在防治策略上应重点抓住5～6月份的预报工作 ,药剂施用上应选择保护性杀菌剂及内吸性杀菌剂交替使用 ,在发病初期每隔7d喷药1次 ,连续喷3～4次 ,防效可达80%～85%。     

The newest leafminer pest in Israel,Liriomyza huidobrensis

The pea leafminer,Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard), recently introduced into Israel, has proven to be extremely proliferous and difficult to control. It is a much more serious pest of vegetable and flower crops than the previously introducedLiriomyza trifolii (Burgess). Photosynthesis is reduced and cosmetic damage is incurred when adult flies stipple plant leaves with feeding punctures and larvae mine the leaves. This paper will review briefly the history, biology and potential control measures of the pea leafminer.     

Evaluation of cinnamamide as an avian repellent: Determination of a dose—response curve

The dose-response curve was quantified for the avian repellency of cinnamamide, a derivative of the plant secondary compound cinnamic acid, using a three-day, ‘short-term no-choice’ test. This test was designed to resemble more closely the availability of alternative food in the birds' natural environment than in previous no-choice studies. Cinnamamide reduced food consumption by feral pigeons (Columba livia Gmelin) at concentrations as low as 6.17 μmole g^?1 food (0.09% w/w) and this reduction increased with concentration. An R₅₀ index, the concentration at which food consumption was reduced by 50% was interpolated from the dose-response curve as 18.4 (±0.38) μmole g^?1 food 10.26% w/w). This index can now be matched with those of related compounds in future structure-activity studies. The birds' response to cinnamamide changed over the three-day trial with respect to concentration. Repellency declined at concentrations < R₅₀ and increased at concentrations > R₅₀. This suggests that pigeons become habituated to cinnamamide at low concentrations but at high concentrations they may develop a conditioned aversion. This study provides quantitative confirmation of previous laboratory and field demonstrations of cinnamamide's effectiveness as a non-lethal chemical repellent suitable for reducing avian pest damage.     

生长调节剂在暖季型草坪中的研究应用

近年来,植物生长调节剂在草业中的研究应用已经成为草业工作者研究的一大热点.植物生长调节剂被广泛地研究应用于调节暖季型草坪草的营养生长、改善草坪质量、增强暖季型草坪草的抗逆性以及提高其种子的产量等方面,并且取得了一定成果.     

有机无机肥配施对烟叶化学成分和品质的影响

通过饼肥与化肥不同比例配施研究得出,河南烟区中等肥力的褐土上以50%芝麻饼肥氮 50%化肥氮处理与单施化肥相比,提高了下、中、上3个部位烟叶饱和脂肪酸相对含量,降低了不饱和脂肪酸含量,表现为豆蔻酸和月桂酸相对含量增加,而亚麻酸和亚油酸含量降低。中部叶、上部叶石油醚提取物含量也得到提高,烟叶糖碱比适宜,化学成分较协调,烟叶品质得到改善,并缩小了不同部位间质量差异。