内蒙古达里诺尔湖水质现状调查

通过应用各种物理及化学仪器分析了达里诺尔湖水温、酸碱度、溶解氧、各种离子、总含盐量等因子,根据以往水质调查结果及这次测定数据比较,达里诺尔湖的pH有不断上升的趋势,这将危及到雅罗鱼及水中生物的生存,而其他各种离子均有小幅度的上升,溶解氧基本能满足鱼类的生存需求.通过水质的调查结果分析,使瓦氏雅罗鱼及其他水生生物更好地发挥在达里诺尔湖中生存的潜力.     

三峡水库小江流域消落区土壤的理化性状

2009年5月、7月和9月对小江流域上游至下游消落区的5个断面的土壤理化性状进行监测。结果表明,土壤容重、孔隙度、pH、有机质、全氮和全磷的总体平均值分别为1.47g/cm3、45%、7.33、16.42g/kg、0.79g/kg和0.59g/kg,变化范围分别为1.15～1.68g/cm3、37.0%～61.0%、4.04～8.72、6.64～35.69g/kg、0.40～1.42g/kg和0.36～0.94g/kg。高程150m处的土壤容重均值在7月下降、9月增加,160m处的土壤容重均值在7月增加较多,9月变化不大;不同高程处的孔隙度均值变化与土壤容重变化呈相反的变化趋势;高程160m处土壤有机质在7月有所下降,9月变化不大;各高程土壤全氮和全磷总体呈7月升高、9月下降趋势。并对消落区土壤理化性状变化的影响因素进行了初步分析。     

二氧化碳麻醉技术在罗非鱼无水保活运输中的应用研究

采用二氧化碳(CO2)对罗非鱼进行麻醉,以麻醉时间、复苏时间为指标,探讨CO2浓度、水温、浸浴时间对罗非鱼麻醉效果的影响.结果显示,水温25℃、浓度0.41～ 1.13 mg/L时,随着浓度的增加,麻醉时间缩短,复苏时间延长;浓度0.58 mg/L时,水温由10℃升高到30℃时,麻醉时间呈先上升后下降的趋势,复苏时间呈下降趋势.罗非鱼血浆生化指标分析表明,麻醉中罗非鱼的乳酸脱氢酶、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活性分别与麻醉前、麻醉后差异显著(P＜0.05);麻醉中罗非鱼的肌酐、尿素氮、乳酸含量显著高于麻醉前和复苏后;与麻醉中罗非鱼的血浆生化指标相比,复苏后的罗非鱼血浆生化指标均下降.研究表明,CO2对罗非鱼有麻醉作用,CO2麻醉可辅助罗非鱼无水保活运输.     

珠母贝糖胺聚糖的纯化及其化学性质

珠母贝糖胺聚糖粗制品经吸附、等电点沉淀、醇沉、溴化十六浣基三甲铵（ＣＴＡＢ）络合等进行分离纯化,得一糖胺聚糖级分。经醋酸纤维素薄膜电泳显示为单一区带。化学组成分析表明：该级分氨基已糖含量较高（７１．３％）,其中以氨基半乳糖为（５９％）,含量少量的乙糖醛酸,含硫酸基、半乳糖、岩藻糖。元素分析表明其碳、氢、氮、硫的含量分别为３７．７％、５．８％、３．０％。对级分的残余氨基酸分析表明,８４．２％氨基酸已     

2015年靖海湾及五垒岛湾海域表层海水化学要素时空分布特征及潜在富营养化评价

于2015年春季、夏季及秋季3个航次对威海南部靖海湾及五垒岛湾海域进行表层海水水质调查并进行了富营养化评价。结果表明:调查海域表层海水水质符合二类水质标准,受磷限制影响;叶绿素-a春季航次(0.660μg/L)含量偏低,夏季航次(0.808mg/L)达到最高值;溶解氧春季航次(10.711mg/L)高于夏季航次(8.940mg/L)及秋季航次(8.678mg/L),近岸区域出现低值区;无机氮秋季航次(0.146mg/L)最高,活性磷酸盐(0.013mg/L)及化学需氧量(1.316mg/L)夏季航次最高,三者受外源河流输入的影响呈现从近岸区域向外海逐渐降低的趋势;活性硅酸盐主要受海洋本底的影响;夏秋航次在靖海湾河流入海口区域出现富营养化状态。     

EXTERNALITIES,INSTITUTIONS AND THE LOCATION CHOICES OF SHELLFISH PRODUCERS: THE CASE OF BLUE MUSSEL FARMING IN THE MONT-SAINT-MICHEL BAY (FRANCE)

ABSTRACT

Most marine aquaculture activities remain strongly dependent on coastal ecosystems. In the case of shellfish farming, this dependency is related mainly to water quality and to the various ecological interactions resulting from the dynamics of coastal food webs. Such ecological constraints have influenced the overall evolution of blue mussel farming in the Mont-Saint-Michel Bay, leading producers to negotiate collective arrangements regarding production capacity and techniques and to develop production strategies at the farm level. This article presents an analysis of the location choices of mussel farmers in the Mont-Saint-Michel Bay based on an empirical investigation conducted in 2002. A typology of farms with respect to their land structure is developed in which some farms choose to concentrate their activity in a single part of the bay while others distribute their activity more widely. Determinants of the location choices of each farm category, including distance to port, natural productivity differentials, and predation of mussel stocks, are analyzed. The role of the institutional arrangements allowing mussel farmers to develop these location strategies is also discussed.     

Apparent digestibility of protein, energy, and amino acids in some selected feed ingredients for pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus

The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of amino acids (AA), protein, and energy in six feed ingredients (Brazilian fish meal, soybean meal, corn gluten meal, alcoholic yeast, corn, and wheat bran) we evaluated for pacu juveniles. In general, all ingredients showed high digestibility values for all AA, and differences among ADCs of individual amino acid were detected ( P  < 0.01). Corn gluten, soybean, and fish meals had the highest ADCs of AA. The ADCs of protein in fish meal, yeast, and corn gluten meal should not be used as AA digestibility indicators, because those showed differences up to 6.7% between the ADCs of protein and AA. All ingredients had lower ADCs of energy than corn gluten meal ( P  < 0.01). Lysine was the first limiting amino acid in fish meal, corn gluten meal, wheat bran, and corn, and the second limiting amino acid in soybean meal, as methionine was the first limiting amino acid in soybean meal and yeast. However, the soybean meal was the best quality protein source, as it had the highest digestible essential amino acid index. This demonstrated that digestible amino acid values can be used to formulate practical diets for pacu, preventing potential deficiencies or excess that might cause environmental and economic losses.     

Seasonal Changes in Quality and Fatty Acid Composition of Black Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis)

The study was designed to assess the seasonal variations in the quality and lipid profile of mussel meat (Mytilus galloprovincialis) harvested along the Bulgarian coast of the Black Sea. The trial period lasted from June to October, and the sampling was carried out in the area of Varna Bay. Technological quality of the mussels was determined by measuring the water holding capacity (WHC) and cooking and roasting losses. Proximate composition, total aerobic plate count, and fatty acid analysis were carried out. Technological parameters and nutritional quality of the mussel meat were strongly affected by the season. During the summer, the mussels had higher mass, meat content, and meat yield (p < 0.001) compared to the early autumn, which corresponds to the lowest protein content during this season. Lipid profile showed seasonal variations in both individual and total fatty acid amounts (p < 0.001). Saturated fatty acids (SFA) had the highest content in summer, while monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) decreased gradually until the autumn. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) reached its peak in October, contributing to the most favorable values of the nutritional indices of lipids in the early autumn.     

三沙湾海域化学需氧量（COD）分布特征及相关性分析

2012年5月和11月对三沙湾海域水质化学需氧量( COD)进行大面积调查研究,结果表明,2012年三沙湾海域COD含量变化范围为0．52~2．13 mg/L,平均含量为0．94 mg/L;水平分布特征呈西北侧向东南水域逐渐递减的趋势,白马港海域COD含量最高;秋季高于春季;平均COD含量能达到一类海水水质标准要求;化学需氧量与活性硅酸盐、无机氮、总氮及悬浮物呈极显著正相关;与pH值、盐度呈极显著负相关。