Mid-storage and pre-sowing seed treatments for lettuce and carrot

Mid-storage hydration-dehydration treatments with medium-vigour lettuce seed very effectively reduced physiological deterioration in storage and ultimately showed better field emergence and final yield. Soaking-drying treatment of high-vigour lettuce seed was not effective. Pre-sowing treatment of medium-vigour lettuce seed, though less effective than mid-storage treatment, gave better field performance, but high-vigour seed did not benefit from the treatment. For carrot, both mid-storage and pre-sowing seed treatments proved beneficial, with the former showing better performance than the latter. Unlike lettuce, well-preserved carrot seed responded positively to the pre-sowing treatment.     

Effects of Partial and Complete Replacement of Synthetic Cryoprotectant with Carrot (Daucus carota) Concentrated Protein on Stability of Frozen Surimi

ABSTRACT

The study aimed to evaluate the effects of carrot concentrated protein (CCP) as additive on the functional and textural properties of surimi from striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) during six months of frozen storage (?20°C). The CCP (82.22% crude protein) was used as an additive either a lone or with a synthetic cryoprotectant (sucrose-sorbitol-sodium tri-polyphosphate). Control was made with synthetic cryoprotectant only. Molecular weight of CCP was found to be 36 kDa. After six months, the results revealed that up to 50% of synthetic cryoprotectants could be replaced by CCP during frozen storage of surimi. Biochemical parameters such as protein solubility, Ca²⁺ATPase activity, and gel strength decreased significantly (p < .05) during storage. Treatment T-3 (CCP 0.5% + 50% of synthetic cryoprotectant) maintained quality of protein significantly superior (p < .05) in respect to denaturation and other functional and sensory attributes compared to all the treatments. The microstructure images of surimi confirmed that addition of CCP modified the ice crystal growth during frozen storage. This study suggests that CCP can be a potential additive to protect protein from denaturation along with partial replacement of chemical cryoprotectants.     

植物细胞生长周期中内外源细胞激动素的变化

应用细胞同步培养技术、高压液相色谱分析（ＨＰＬＣ）和酶偶联免疫法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）分析了胡萝卜细胞在悬浮培养时生长分裂周期的变化并对内源激动素类物质（玉米素Ｚ－Ｚｅａｔｉｎ、核糖基玉米素ＺＲ－ｚｅａｔｉｎｒｉｂｏｓｉｄｅ、二氢玉米素ＤＨＺ－ｄｉｈｙｄｒｏｚｅａｔｉｎ、核糖二氢玉米素ＤＨＺＲ－ｄｉｈｙｄｒｏｚｅａｔｉｎｒｉｂｏｓｉｄｅ、异戊烯基核糖基腺嘌呤ＩＰ－ｉｓｏｐｅｎｔｅｎｙｌａｄｅｎｉｎｅ和核糖基异戊烯基腺苷ＩＰＲ－ｉｓｏｐｅｎｔｅｎｙｌａｄｅｎｉｎｅｒｉｂｏｓｉｄｅ）含量进行定量分析．从用荧光显微技术分析ＤＮＡ含量变化结果看出，附加有激动素０．１×１０－６·Ｌ－１的悬浮液中，胡萝卜细胞的分裂周期为８．５ｈ，比不加外源激素的处理短１ｈ．在无外源激素存在的情况下，细胞分裂期中内源细胞分裂素类物质除ＺＲ之外，其余的Ｚ、ＤＨＺ、ＤＨＺＲ、ＩＰ和ＩＰＲ的含量在分裂的第６．５ｈ均有一个峰值出现，ＺＲ在第４．５和８．５ｈ有峰值出现．外加细胞分裂素的处理中．Ｚ、ｉＰ和ｉＰＲ整个周期无明显含量变化，ＤＨＺ和ＤＨＺＲ在第６．５ｈ出现峰值．ＺＲ在第８．５ｈ时也出现峰值．说明附加细胞激动素可协调Ｚ．ｉＰ和ｉＰＲ的积累，加速利用?     

不同反应条件对酶改性胡萝卜纤维的影响

以胡萝卜渣中提取的胡萝卜纤维(carrot fiber, CF)为原材料进行酶改性,研究纤维素酶浓度和反应时间对CF的平均长度、平均宽度、长宽比、还原糖浓度和可及度的影响,以及纤维素酶改性前后CF平均长度和平均宽度的分布情况。结果表明,随着纤维素酶浓度和反应时间的增加,CF的平均长度、平均宽度和长宽比减小;还原糖浓度和可及度增加。从节约纤维酶用量和时间的角度考虑,当纤维素酶浓度为0.4 mg/mL和反应时间为2 h时,平均长度、平均宽度、长宽比、还原糖浓度、可及度最佳。     

不同钾肥对马铃薯和胡萝卜产量及商品率的影响

采用大田试验方法,研究了不同品种钾肥(氯化钾和硫酸钾)对马铃薯和胡萝卜产量及商品率的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,施用氯化钾处理的马铃薯和胡萝卜每公顷产量分别增加了52.4%和46.4%,商品率分别增加了25.7%和42.9%;施用硫酸钾处理的马铃薯和胡萝卜每公顷产量分别增加了28.6%和17.9%,商品率分别增加了14.3%和31.0%。与不施钾肥处理相比,施用氯化钾与硫酸钾均能明显提高马铃薯和胡萝卜的产量及商品率,其中,施用氯化钾对于这2种作物的产量及商品率的提高效果较好。     

Study of Resistance to Orobanche ramosa in Host (Oilseed Rape and Carrot) and Non-host (Maize) Plants

Orobanche ramosa is a parasitic Angiosperm responsible for severe yield losses in several economical crops. It is a serious threat in oilseed rape in France and Morocco and is appearing in carrot crops in Morocco. In this study, several varieties of oilseed rape and carrot were screened in order to identify resistant cultivars and to characterize the resistance mechanisms involved. All the 15 oilseed rape varieties tested were susceptible. In carrot, the varieties 'Colmar à coeur rouge' and 'Nantaise demi-longue' were susceptible, whereas 'Palaiseau' and 'Buror' were resistant. In the susceptible 'Colmar à coeur rouge' carrot no defence reactions were found and the development of the parasite inhibited carrot tap root formation. In the resistant carrot varieties, the parasite germinated, became attached to the host root but became necrotic before emergence. In 'Buror' carrot, formation of a mechanical barrier was associated with the restriction to the cortex of the parasite. In maize cv. 'Vigni', a non-host of O. ramosa, thickening of xylem vessels, cell divisions in the central cylinder and formation of an encapsulation layer were observed in association with restricted development of Orobanche haustoria.     

胡萝卜片微波-热风滚动床干燥物料特性研究

为了改善微波干燥果蔬的物料特性,通过搭建的微波-热风滚动床干燥(Microwave-hot-airflow rolling drying,MARD)试验台,研究了胡萝卜片在MARD不同干燥阶段的热像变化,通过低场核磁共振分析与成像(Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance analysis and imaging,NMR/MRI)研究了胡萝卜片在MARD不同干燥阶段水分状态和水分分布,试验还测得在对应干燥阶段胡萝卜片介电常数ε'和介电损耗因子ε″的变化规律。通过分析物料的脱水过程和干燥品质发现,MARD过程干燥速度逐渐降低,物料温度分布均匀,随着干燥进行温度稳定在设定范围; NMR波谱下的水分信号量逐渐降低且主峰向左移,水分的活跃程度降低; MRI信号显示,MARD干燥过程中水分分布均匀;随着MARD进行,物料介电常数ε'和介电损耗因子ε″显著降低,边缘部位介电损耗比心部低,随着干燥的进行,这种差别逐渐减小,说明由介电特性差异导致的微波干燥不均的影响在MARD过程中减弱。     

胡萝卜联合收获机单圆盘对顶切割装置设计与试验

针对胡萝卜联合收获过程中对顶切割装置作业后胡萝卜损伤率高、切净率低等问题,设计了一种单圆盘对顶切割装置,并阐述了其主要结构及工作原理。在统计分析胡萝卜基本物理特性的基础上,通过理论计算确定了斜拉式导向齐平对顶机构的两对齐基板间距、拉齐区长度和对齐基板斜边角度等主要结构参数,达到胡萝卜茎叶精准拉齐的目的。以螳螂前肢胫节曲线为原型,将拟合优化后的曲线形状应用至圆盘动割刀和直割刀刃口上,构建切割机构-胡萝卜茎叶力学模型,分析其满足胡萝卜被高效切断的条件。对圆盘割刀进行运动学分析,建立圆盘割刀前进方向的运动学模型,确定影响装置工作性能的因素为胡萝卜输送速度和圆盘割刀转速。以胡萝卜收获机夹持输送皮带轮转速(胡萝卜输送速度)和圆盘割刀转速为试验因素,以胡萝卜根茎损伤率、茎叶切净率、切割平整度为试验指标,进行了二因素五水平二次正交旋转组合试验,通过对试验结果进行分析优化,确定最佳参数组合。结果表明,当胡萝卜收获机夹持输送皮带轮转速为113 r/min、圆盘割刀转速为156 r/min时,对顶切割装置性能最优,此时胡萝卜损伤率均值为0.53%、切净率均值为95.41%、平整度均值为94.10%。对优化结果进行田间试验验证,验证结果与优化结果基本一致,作业过程中装置工作平稳。     

混料设计法优化萝卜糕配方的研究

萝卜糕是闽南地区一种传统小吃,其质地柔软,味道鲜美,营养丰富,是一种适宜大众的美食。本文以黏米粉、玉米粉、马铃薯粉为粉料,采用混料设计试验方法优化萝卜糕的原料配比,研究了不同种类及不同配比的淀粉形成的面团的质构特性,比较不同配比的原料对萝卜糕感官品质的影响,确定各原料的最佳添加量。通过质构分析和感官评分法对萝卜糕的配方进行比较。结果表明:当黏米粉、玉米粉和马铃薯粉的混合比例为0.65∶0.10∶0.25时,面团TPA质构特性为硬度较低,黏着性、弹性和内聚性均达到最高值,分别为1 220.834 Pa·s、0.97和0.534,且黏米粉、玉米粉和马铃薯粉比例为0.598、0.176、0.226时,制备的萝卜糕风味最佳,感官品质得分最高。