小种红茶茶多酚和咖啡碱近红外定量分析模型的建立

以76份有代表性的小种红茶为研究对象,采用现行国标方法测定的茶多酚和咖啡碱含量作为近红外预测模型的化学值,对应采集样品的近红外光谱值,分别建立小种红茶茶多酚和咖啡碱含量最佳偏最小二乘法（Partial least squares,PLS）模型。结果表明,所构建的茶多酚含量模型校正集决定系数（Coefficient of determination,R²）为97.59%,校正均方差（Root mean square error of calibration,RMSEC）为0.566%,验证集R²为95.06%,预测均方差（Root mean square error of prediction,RMSEP）为0.855%;咖啡碱含量模型校正集R²为96.98%,RESEC为0.110%,验证集R²为95.67%,RESEP为0.148%。茶多酚和咖啡碱含量定量分析模型效果均较好,可实现对小种红茶茶多酚和咖啡碱含量的快速检测。     

树脂法绿色制备茶多酚研究

为了提高中低档茶叶资源利用率,解决目前茶多酚生产工艺使用较多氯仿、乙酸乙酯等有毒有机溶剂、易造成环境污染等问题,以中低档茶叶为原料,采用食用级乙醇和水2种易得、安全的溶剂,比较BYX、HPD200A、HZ103、HZ841、NKA-9、PA、ADS17、XDA5、XDA7、NPS1、NPS2、HP20等12种树脂对茶多酚、咖啡碱、儿茶素的静态吸附和解吸附效果,筛选出较好的绿色制备树脂BYX,并应用BYX树脂对茶多酚进行动态洗脱研究。结果表明,以2 BV/h流速、80%乙醇体积分数、3 BV洗脱体积的BYX树脂洗脱工艺参数进行茶多酚分离制备,茶多酚纯度和得率分别可达到98.36%和19.56%,咖啡碱含量为0.96%,儿茶素含量为80.82%,EGCG含量为46.52%。该茶多酚绿色制备法工艺简单易行,不使用乙酸乙酯、氯仿等有毒有机溶剂,整个工艺过程不产生毒害污染物,安全卫生,产品质量高,可为高质量茶多酚产品的工业化绿色生产制备提供新途径。     

茶树重要功能基因克隆研究进展

根据发表的文章以及对美国生物技术信息中心（NCBI）的检索结果,从茶树儿茶素类代谢相关基因、咖啡碱代谢相关基因、茶香气形成相关基因等方面介绍茶树重要功能基因分离研究进展。     

高效液相色谱法测定碧螺春茶叶中的咖啡因含量

为了建立高效液相色谱(HPLC)法快速测定碧螺春茶叶中的咖啡因的含量,采用Shimpak C18(4.6 mm×150.0 mm)的色谱柱,以甲醇-乙腈-0.1%甲酸(20∶10∶70,体积比)为流动相,流速为1.00 ml/min,柱温为30℃,检测波长274 nm。茶叶样品中咖啡因进样量为0.275～1.650μg时咖啡因进样量(x)与峰面积(Y)呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为Y=1 043.500x+47.063,r2=0.999 6;平均回收率为99.68%,相对标准偏差RSD为0.23%。该方法简单、快速、准确。     

Caffeine clearance in the horse

The pharmacokinetic properties of intravenously administered caffeine were studied in 10 horses using a commercially available automated enzyme immunoassay. The harmonic mean for the distribution half-life was 5.2 min (range 1.4–18.7). The harmonic mean for the elimination half-life was 10.18 h (range 6.82–20.92). The harmonic mean of the volume of distribution was 0.32 L/kg (range 0.22–0.53). There was no correlation between the dose of caffeine/kg body weight and the elimination half-life (Spearman's coefficient of rank correlation =0.19).Abbreviations AUC area under the serum concentration-time curve - AUMC area under the moment curve - BSP sulphobromophthalein - ICG indocyanine green - SD standard deviation - t _1/2 elimination half-life - V _c apparent volume of the central compartment - V _d(ss) apparent volume of distribution at steady state     

Changes on Characteristic Components During Shoots Development in Camellia Sinensis

Fresh leaves of tea cultivar Shuchazao were harvested from five different stages of shoot development including single-bud （SB）,one leaf and one bud （BL1）,two leaves and one bud （BL2）,three leaves and one bud （BL3） and mature leaves （ML,including five leaves）.The contents of tea-specific components,including caffeine,catechins and amino acids,in tea leaves were extracted and analyzed using the HPLC technique.The results showed that the content of caffeine in the buds in BL3 stage was generally the highest,while it did not change much in SB,BL1 and BL2 stages.The content of caffeine in the leaves at the same leaf-age was similar in five different development stages.The total contents of catechins in the first leaf were higher than that in the buds in all five development stages,and it was the highest in the first leaf at BL1 stage,but it decreased with the increase of the leaf-age.As far as the monomeric catechins were concerned,non-ester type catechins and ester type catechins can be detected in the buds or leaves in the five development stages.The majority of catechins were epigallocatechingallate （EGCG）,which showed a similar variation tendency as that of total catechins.However,the contents of non-ester type catechins such as epicatechingallate （EGC）,epicatechin （EC） and gallocatechin （GC） were higher in buds than in leaves,which were opposite to the content variation trends of ester type catechins in the course of shoot development.Theanine was the major amino acids in all development stages of tender shoots,and its content in the stage of single-bud was the highest.The content of theanine in buds was three or four times higher than in leaves,and the older the leaf-age was,the less theanine existed in the leaves.     

基于卷积神经网络的茶鲜叶主要内含物的光谱快速检测方法

儿茶素和咖啡碱是茶叶品质的重要评价指标,为了探索深度卷积神经网络(CNN)结合可见近红外光谱(Vis/NIR)用于茶叶儿茶素和咖啡碱无损快速检测的可行性,本研究通过高效液相色谱来测定茶叶中的儿茶素和咖啡碱含量,并与样本的光谱信息建立对应关系;采用回归分析和CNN建模构建了光谱与茶叶内含物的定量关系;采用竞争自适应重加权采样(CARS)和连续投影算法(SPA)选择特征波长,用于开发基于这些特征波长的简单模型。结果表明:4种儿茶素和咖啡碱含量从第1叶位到第6叶位呈现出逐渐降低的趋势;提取特征波长不仅减少了光谱变量数,还获得了比全谱更优或接近的模型性能;CNN在回归分析和特征提取中均表现出良好的性能,预测儿茶素和咖啡碱最优模型的决定系数(R²)和残余预测偏差(RPD)分别达到了0.93和3.28以上。因此,卷积神经网络结合可见近红外光谱可以对儿茶素和咖啡碱的含量进行快速无损检测。     

添加咖啡因、亚牛磺酸对牛精子功能的影响

为研究获能液中添加咖啡因和亚牛磺酸对牛精子功能的影响,本研究将荷斯坦牛冻精解冻后分别添加在含不同浓度咖啡因（0、2.5、5.0、7.5 mmol/L）或亚牛磺酸（0、5、10、20、40 μmol/L）的获能处理液中,且每个处理组加入约200 μL的精液,在CO₂培养箱里经上游处理45 min,以评估咖啡因和亚牛磺酸对牛精子活力、顶体及质膜完整性的影响,进而探讨在获能液中亚牛磺酸替代咖啡因的效果。结果显示,添加2.5、5.0 mmol/L咖啡因组经上游法获能处理后的牛精子活力和顶体完整率均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,且2.5 mmol/L咖啡因组精子活力最高;添加10、20 μmol/L亚牛磺酸组经上游法获能处理后的牛精子活力、顶体完整率和质膜完整率均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,且20 μmol/L亚牛磺酸组的精子功能参数值最高;将筛选的最佳浓度2.5 mmol/L咖啡因和20 μmol/L亚牛磺酸采用同样的方法处理,发现20 μmol/L亚牛磺酸组的精子顶体完整率和质膜完整率均显著高于2.5 mmol/L咖啡因组和对照组（P<0.05）。因此,20 μmol/L亚牛磺酸可以替代2.5 mmol/L咖啡因用于体外受精体系中的精子获能处理,有助于提高精子功能参数。     

咖啡碱和蛋白质对酯型儿茶素氧化形成TFDG的影响

对咖啡碱（CAF）和牛血清白蛋白（BSA）在双酯型茶黄素形成中的影响进行了研究分析。结果表明,咖啡碱和牛血清白蛋白对TFDG的形成均有明显的抑制作用,而且相同条件下,牛血清白蛋白和咖啡碱表现出相似的抑制作用。当牛血清蛋白与咖啡碱同在一个化学氧化反应体系中时,表现出随浓度不同而呈现复杂的竞争或协同作用。