Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequences and conditions affecting the type of conidial germination of Bipolaris oryzae

One taxonomic characteristic of Bipolaris species is the bipolar germination of conidia, but conidia of Bipolaris oryzae , the causal pathogen of brown spot in rice, are regularly observed to show intercalary germination, a characteristic of Drechslera species. The effect of selection, culture media and culture age on type of conidial germination was determined for three brown spot isolates from Cavinti, San Pablo and Palawan in the Philippines, obtained from infected leaves showing typical disease symptoms. Based on the analyses of their ITS1, ITS2 and 5·8S rDNA nucleotide sequences, the local isolates were clearly identified as B. oryzae . Selection for colonies of the three isolates derived from single conidia with either bipolar or intercalary germination had no effect on the number of spores showing bipolar germination in subsequent cultures. Germination on seven different culture media was tested; of these, rabbit food agar and water agar increased the percentage of bipolar germination of conidia, although this varied between isolates. Incubation of the cultures of all three isolates for longer periods prior to harvesting conidia increased the percentage of bipolar-germinating conidia from c . 40 to c . 90% with 5-day-old and 30-day-old cultures, respectively.     

陆生固氮蓝藻对土壤环境的影响

我们于１９８８－１９９０－年通过野外调查和室外试验,探讨了陆生固氮蓝藻对土壤环境的影响。试验证明,陆生固氮蓝藻可以利用空气中的分子态氮合成氮素化合物,不断地加富土壤中的氮化物。同时,由于它们大量的繁殖和死亡腐解也增加了土壤中的有机物质使土肿微生物的生长和活动更加旺盛,土     

褐飞虱不同为害状损失率测定研究

本研究旨在为褐飞虱为害损失的调查提供直观、准确的参考依据。研究表明,褐飞虱各种田间受害状都有产量损失,各症状的产量损失率为２５．８％～９４．０％。以百穗实粒干重为统计标准,Ｆ＝１８８．７０４＊＊,达极显著差异水平。ＳＳＲ多重比较,不同水稻被害状之间损失梯度明显。产量因素剖析表明,褐飞虱的为害主要是导致结实率和千粒重显著降低。文中举例说明了研究结果的应用方法。     

Pre-stocking acclimatisation of brown trout Salmo trutta: effects on growth and capture in a fast-flowing river

Abstract  A field experiment was carried out over two consecutive years in a fast-flowing river to evaluate the effects of a 5-day acclimation period on the subsequent growth and capture of stocked juvenile brown trout, Salmo trutta L. Post-stocking growth of both acclimated and non-acclimated fish remained very poor for at least 44 to 50 days. After this slow start, all fish grew significantly but acclimated trout performed 40.1% better than non-acclimated individuals. However, the better growth did not lead to higher capture rates. Capture success post-stocking was low, regardless of acclimation. Flooding, combined with low fitness of the stocked fish in the first weeks was considered the main reason for the unsatisfactory stocking success. It was concluded that in-stream acclimation aids rapid adaptation of stocked trout and thus imparts some growth advantages, although this does not necessarily result in higher yields.     

Development and Identification of Introgression Lines from Cross of Oryza sativa and Oryza minuta

Introgression line population is effectively used in mapping quantitative trait loci(QTLs),identifying favorable genes,discovering hidden genetic variation,evaluating the action or interaction of QTLs in multiple conditions and providing the favorable experimental materials for plant breeding and genetic research.In this study,an advanced backcross and consecutive selfing strategy was used to develop introgression lines(ILs),which derived from an accession of Oryza minuta(accession No.101133) with BBCC genome,as the donor,and an elite indica cultivar IR24(O.sativa),as the recipient.Introgression segments from O.minuta were screened using 164 polymorphic simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers in the genome of each IL.Introgressed segments carried by 131 ILs covered the whole O.sativa genome.The average number of homozygous O.minuta segments per introgression line was about 9.99.The average length of introgressed segments was approximate 14.78 cM,and about 79.64% of these segments had sizes less than 20 cM.In the genome of each introgression line,the O.minuta chromosomal segments harbored chromosomal fragments of O.sativa ranging from 1.15% to 27.6%,with an overall average of 8.57%.At each locus,the ratio of substitution of O.minuta alleles had a range of 1.5% 25.2%,with an average of 8.3%.Based on the evaluation of the phenotype of these ILs,a wide range of alterations in morphological and yield-related traits were found.After inoculation,ILs 41,11 and 7 showed high resistance to bacterial blight,brown planthopper and whitebacked planthopper,respectively.These O.minuta-O.sativa ILs will serve as genetic materials for identifying and using favorable genes from O.minuta.     

新色型突变棕色貉毛色遗传初探

2006年首次发现新色型突变棕色貉，近3年内累计扩繁89只。依据孟德尔遗传定律，对不同选配组合后代毛色分离数据的统计分析和x^2适合性检验证明，其突变棕色毛色基因为显性，基因型为杂合体。建议其基因符号用“G”表示，基因型为“Gg”。     

Benefits of repeated stocking with adult,hatchery‐reared brown trout,Salmo trutta,to recreational fisheries?

Abstract  Recaptures of adult, hatchery-reared, brown trout, Salmo trutta L., and fishing time from anglers were used to evaluate the benefits of stocking programmes with repeated releases of adult brown trout. The recapture rate varied between 17% and 29%. The time between stocking and capture (referred to as residence time) varied between 1 and 160 days (median 3–49 days). Between 67% and 84% of trout caught in the river were recently released fish. Fishing effort increased after stocking, thereby increasing the impact of angling on wild stocks. Stocking with adult brown trout decreases the impact of angling on wild trout only if the time spent fishing by all anglers is kept stable. Furthermore, because of the short residence time of stocked trout, long-term impacts through competition for space and food, or genetic impact through introgression, are limited.     

Polar light regime and piscivory govern diel vertical migrations of planktivorous fish and zooplankton in a subarctic lake

Abstract –  Seasonal variation in light intensity has strong impacts on invertebrate and vertebrate habitat selection creating trade-offs between foraging gain and risk of death. Diel vertical migration (DVM) has received a particularly interest, but multitrophic level studies in lakes under polar light regime have not been conducted. Here, we examined habitat selection of pelagic zooplankton, planktivores and piscivores in subarctic Lake Muddusjärvi with polymorphic whitefish ( Coregonus lavaretus (L.)). Seasonal change in light was hypothesized to be the most important abiotic factor inducing DVM, whereas predation was considered as an ultimate biotic factor. During period of mid-night sun in June, no DVM was observed at any trophic level, whereas during normal day and night light in September planktivores and zooplankton migrated. DVM was top-down controlled, where piscivorous brown trout ( Salmo trutta L.) used pelagic habitat continuously inducing DVM of its main prey, pelagic whitefish morph, which cascaded to reverse DVM of zooplankton. Top-down control of lower trophic level DVMs by piscivores might be more general pattern in lakes than previously considered.     

松针褐斑病初步研究

松针褐斑病的病原菌为Ｉｅｃａｎｏｓｔｉｃｔａ ａｃｉｃｏｌａ，在病叶上或叶上的病了实体和病组织中的菌丝体是初侵染源。侵染期主要在５月上旬至６月中旬。病原菌通过雨水的溅散主风力而传播。在发病初期采用百菌清可湿性粉剂和托布津农药喷液及人工摘病叶的进行防治，均能收到一定效果。     

Tagging effects on three non-native fish species in England (Lepomis gibbosus, Pseudorasbora parva, Sander lucioperca) and of native Salmo trutta

Abstract –  To address the dearth of information on tagging effects and long-term survivorship of tagged fish in native and introduced species, laboratory and field investigations were undertaken on three non-native fish species (pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus ; topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva ; pikeperch Sander lucioperca ) tagged with coded-wire (CW), passive integrated transponder (PIT), radio (RT) telemetry and/or acoustic tags (AT), with survivorship of native brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) examined in the field. Laboratory results revealed high survivorship following tag attachment/insertion and resumption of feeding within 24–48 h of tagging (all mortalities could be attributed to an unrelated outbreak of fungal infection), with retention rates being high in both pumpkinseed and pikeperch but low in topmouth gudgeon (excluded from field studies). In the field, short-term post-operation survival was high in pikeperch, pumpkinseed and brown trout. In pumpkinseed and trout, 100% of RT fish survived a 24–30 day tracking study, with 60% and 80%, respectively, recaptured alive at least 3 months post-tagging. Of PIT tagged pumpkinseed, 44% were recaptured (after 6–18 months), with small-sized, CW-tagged fish (0.38 g weight) captured up to 1 year after tagging. In pikeperch, all AT fish except one (the smallest specimen) survived their full expected tracking period (i.e. tag life) – the single lost specimen survived at least half of its expected tracking period (i.e. 6 month battery life). Overall, the tagging methods used were highly effective in pumpkinseed and pikeperch, showing good retention and survival, but PIT tagging of topmouth gudgeon was plagued by low survivorship and tag rejection.