Dimensional and physical properties of plain knitted fabrics made from 50/50 bamboo/cotton blended yarns

In this study, the dimensional and some physical properties of plain knitted fabrics made from 50/50 bamboo/cotton blended yarns are investigated. In order to see the differences and similarities, the results are then compared with those for similar fabrics knitted from 50/50 conventional viscose/cotton and 50/50 modal/cotton blended yarns. Each fabric type was produced with three different stitch lengths. After all fabrics were dyed under identical dyeing conditions, they were subjected to dry and full relaxation treatments. For dimensional properties of fabrics, course, wale and stitch densities were measured. Then, by calculating statistically best-fit lines passing both through the experimental points and the origin, dimensional constants i.e. k values were predicted in terms of the fiber types. The result show that each fabric type knitted from bamboo/cotton, viscose/cotton and modal/cotton blended yarns behaves in a similar manner. However, in both dry and fully relaxed states, the modal/cotton knitted fabrics tend to have slightly higher k values than the bamboo/cotton and viscose/cotton knitted fabrics. For physical properties, fabric weight per unit area, thickness, bursting strength, air permeability and pilling were evaluated. The results show that the weight, thickness and air permeability values are independent of the fiber type. Plain knitted fabrics from modal/cotton blended yarns have the highest bursting strength values. Plain knitted fabrics from bamboo/cotton blended yarns tend to pill less.     

多气源混输管网的供气方案

为了提高天然气管网供气的可靠性和安全性,多气源同时接入跨区域大型管网的混输格局逐步形成.由于不同气源的气质以及供应形式存在差异,而且下游用户对热值波动的敏感度不同,对下游用户的计价原则也不同,因此提出合理的混输管网供气方案,实现城市管网公司及下游终端用户的利益均衡是急需解决的技术难题.基于中山大学BP液化天然气中心研发的燃气混输管网动态仿真平台,对某市高压混输管网进行仿真模拟,主要针对管网分开输送方案和多气源相互调配方案两种混输供气方案进行对比分析模拟,通过模拟两种方案中下游终端用户的热值动态响应情况,分析热值/华白指数波动对下游终端用户的影响,以及不同热值气源与各类下游用户的对应匹配情况.     

Hole fertilization in the root zone facilitates maize yield and nitrogen utilization by mitigating potential N loss and improving mineral N accumulation

Reducing environmental impacts and improving N utilization are critical to ensuring food security in China.  Although root-zone fertilization has been considered an effective strategy to improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), the effect of controlled-release urea (CRU) applied in conjunction with normal urea in this mode is unclear.  Therefore, a 3-year field experiment was conducted using a no-N-added as a control and two fertilization modes (FF, furrow fertilization by manual trenching, i.e., farmer fertilizer practice; HF: root-zone hole fertilization by point broadcast manually) at 210 kg N ha^–1 (controlled-release:normal fertilizer=5:5), along with a 1-year in-situ microplot experiment.  Maize yield, NUE and N loss were investigated under different fertilization modes.  The results showed that compared with FF, HF improved the average yield and N recovery efficiency by 8.5 and 22.3% over three years, respectively.  HF had a greater potential for application than FF treatment, which led to increases in dry matter accumulation, total N uptake, SPAD value and LAI.  In addition, HF remarkably enhanced the accumulation of ¹⁵N derived from fertilizer by 17.2% compared with FF, which in turn reduced the potential loss of ¹⁵N by 43.8%.  HF increased the accumulation of N in the tillage layer of soils at harvest for potential use in the subsequent season relative to FF.  Hence, HF could match the N requirement of summer maize, sustain yield, improve NUE and reduce environmental N loss simultaneously.  Overall, root-zone hole fertilization with blended CRU and normal urea can represent an effective and promising practice to achieve environmental integrity and food security on the North China Plain, which deserves further application and investigation.     

改性食用油脂制备方法的研究

介绍了利用生物酶催化分解甘油制备改性食用油脂的原理及工艺过程,并结合实例对该工艺过程进行分析。制备的改性油脂中,’-亚麻酸和N-6型亚油酸的比例适当,符合人体的需要。该制备方法具有反应快、效率高、能耗低和无污染等特点,有利于环保。     

多组分混合原油常温输送技术

对多种配比、组分油物性差异较大的多组分混合原油常温输送的工艺进行了研究。根据混合油物性、组分油物性与配比的相关规律以及常温输送对原油物性的要求,绘制了等值线图,给出了常温混合输送配比域。为保证计算的启动泵压小于允许泵压,对物性最差混合油的启动泵压进行了校验。     

Hybrid seed production using nutritional mutants

Summary This paper describes a method of obtaining pure stands of F₁ hybrids even if selfing occurs, e.g. the male-sterility is imperfect. The procedure is based on the use of recessive nutritional (auxotrophic) gene(s). The F₁ hybrids of the auxotroph × prototroph crosses are phenotypically and physiologically normal. The self-or sib-pollinated auxotrophic parental line(s) produce lethal offspring in the absence of the required nutrient.In crosses involving functional male-sterile maternal lines and thiamine-dependent male tomato lines (or reciprocals), the described scheme works as predicted. This scheme is now being employed in the production of hybrid tomato. Although some problems were experienced during the preliminary work with barley mutants the overall results are promising.The hybrid-production scheme has various advantages: (I) it is applicable in normally selfing species, too. (II) the two parental lines can be blended in hybrid crossing blocks, thereby increasing cross pollination, (III) it involves a genetically determined built-in system for selective elimination of the plants of unwanted constitution, and the scheme can therefore be used with imcomplete male- or self-sterile lines, too.     

缓/控释肥料对果蔗产量及氮素利用率的影响

为改善果蔗施肥技术、提高果蔗种植的经济效益和环境效益,开展了国产控释配方肥、脲醛缓释复合肥和进口复合肥在果蔗上应用的大田试验。结果表明,果蔗栽培中施用缓/控释配方肥料较施用进口复合肥的产量和总生物量分别提高了1.8%~5.7%和5.7%~15.5%。与进口复合肥相比,缓/控释配方肥料成本更低,施用控释配方肥和脲醛复合肥每公顷增收11 144~17 147元和20 835~23 037元。此外,施用控释配方肥可以显著提高果蔗的NAE、NPF及NUE,提高果蔗氮肥利用效率。果蔗栽培过程中合理地施用缓/控释配方肥料能促进果蔗增产、增收、提高肥料利用率。缓/控释配方肥料可以取代进口复合肥为果蔗生长提供养分,实现轻简施肥。     

菌株混合培养的溶磷解钾效果及条件优化

将溶磷菌、固氮菌和解钾菌按功能不同两两组合培养后筛选出互相不拮抗的菌株组合,进行三菌混合培养,测试得到的5组混合菌株的溶磷、解钾能力。结果表明,混合培养菌的溶磷、解钾能力均比各菌单独培养时要高,其中,组合1、2和5混合培养时具有1+1+13的溶磷效果,组合3和5混合培养时具有1+1+13的解钾效果。探索组合5的最佳培养条件,发现当培养基C/N比为25,p H 9,温度为30℃时菌株生长总量最好。     

纤维素酶与木聚糖酶混合用于脱墨的研究

将纤维素酶和木聚糖酶混合用于废新闻纸的脱墨，研究了2种酶的最佳混合比例，并将酶脱墨与化学脱墨进行了脱墨性能和漂白性能的比较。结果表明混合酶的最佳比例为50／50，此时脱墨浆的白度和残留油墨量分别比对照浆高出3．2个百分点和降低73．8％，比木聚糖酶脱墨浆高出0．4个百分点和降低8．6％；裂断长、耐破指数和撕裂指数比纤维素酶脱墨浆分别高出3．8％、5．9％和8．6％；单种酶的用量也各自节省了一半。酶脱墨与化学脱墨相比，有着较高的得率和较低的返黄值。     

Effects of bleaching and dyeing on the quality of alpaca tops and yarns

This paper reports the effects of bleaching of alpaca tops and dyeing of bleached alpaca tops/yarns on the quality of tops and yarns. A dark brown alpaca top was bleached with hydrogen peroxide. Two bleaching methods were tried for effectiveness of color removal. A portion of each bleached top was dyed after bleaching. Color parameters were examined for unbleached, bleached and bleached/dyed tops, these tops were then converted into yarns of different twist levels and counts using a worsted spinning system. Some of the bleached yarn from each bleaching method was dyed in a package dye vat to compare the difference of top dyeing versus yarn package dyeing on yarn quality. Fiber diameter, yarn strength, yarn evenness, yarn hairiness and fiber degradation were tested to examine the effects of bleaching and dyeing on these properties at top and yarn stages. A processing route for bleaching and dyeing alpaca fiber was recommended.