贵州六盘水地区大白菜黑斑病病原菌鉴定及培养特性研究

黑斑病是大白菜重要病害之一,常对大白菜田间生产造成严重损失。为明确引起贵州省六盘水地区大白菜黑斑病的病原菌种类,采用稀释涂布法从六盘水地区4个种植点大白菜黑斑病病样上分离到4个菌株。基于形态学和ITS、Alt-a1、tef-1多基因序列分析,4个菌株的鉴定结果均为芸薹链格孢Alternaria brassicae。生物学特性研究表明,该病原菌最适培养基为PDA,最适氮源为酵母浸粉和蛋白胨,最适碳源为葡萄糖;菌丝生长及孢子萌发最适温度均为25 ℃,菌丝生长最佳pH值为7;分生孢子致死温度为55 ℃下处理10 min。     

Isoenzyme and cotyledon protein variation for identification of black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with similar seed morphology

Summary Methods developed to identify genetically diverse varieties of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were applied to closely related lines that were difficult to distinguish on the basis of seed morphology. Seedling tissues and seeds of black beans, were examined electrophoretically for isoenzyme and cotyledon proteinn protein patterns. Seven enzymes, extracted from seeds or from seedling stem, root or leaf tissues, were compared for polymorphism. Peptidase, polyphenol oxidase, phosphoglucoisomerase and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase patterns were the same for all lines. Some differences were observed for acid phosphatase, peroxidase and esterase patterns, but complete discrimination of the six selected lines was not possible on the basis of isoenzyme patterns alone. Using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of dissociated 0.1 M acetic acid soluble proteins at pH 3.1 (acid-PAGE), or sodium dodecyl sulphate PAGE (SDS-PAGE) of residual protein extracts, all but one pair of samples in each case could be distinguished from the other samples. Using both techniques all of the lines could be identified unequivocally.     

Leaf stomatal conductance and stomatal morphology of Musa germplasm

Drought tolerance combined with resistance to black sigatoka (BS) disease are two desirable traits for plantains in some parts of the tropics. Field evaluation of leaf stomatal conductance, single leaf transpiration rate, photochemical efficiency, and role of stomata in BS resistance, was done for 18 genotypes of Musa spp., which included diploid and triploid banana and plantains and tetraploid plantain hybrids, at a sub-humid and a humid site. Conductances were significantly (P ≤ 0.01) higher for leaf abaxial than adaxial surfaces (S), while clonal (C) differences were significant (P ≤ 0.05). Interactions between sampling period (T: morning vs afternoon) and location (L), and clone and location (C × L) were significant for both conductance and transpiration; (C × T × L) interaction was significant for conductance. Significant interactions for (C × L) and (C × T) suggested that conductance and transpiration of a specific clone need to be considered for a given environment. Total variation in conductance was explained by the following variables: S, C, (C × L), (C × T), and (C × L × T). In general, ABB cooking banana had higher conductances than other Musa taxonomic groups (AAB, AA, AAA, and AAAB). Evaluation of morphological and physiological traits of leaf stomata indicated that the resistance to BS disease is due to non-stomatal mechanisms. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

水稻黑条矮缩病毒的研究进展

水稻黑条矮缩病毒(Rice black streaked dwarf virus,RBSDV)属于呼肠孤病毒科斐济病毒属第二组成员,其引起的水稻黑条矮缩病在中国稻区造成巨大的经济损失。文章简述了水稻黑条矮缩病的危害情况及病毒特性、病毒各个编码蛋白的研究现状、应用基因工程控制病害等方面的研究进展,为今后对水稻黑条矮缩病的研究提供参考。     

新型吸水剂在砂姜黑土甘蓝包菜上应用效果

研究了一种新型吸水剂在砂姜黑土应用效果。结果表明：新型吸水剂对生长初期甘蓝包菜生长有一定的抑制作用,但随着水分胁迫增加,吸水剂保水效果的发挥,包菜的生长很快恢复,到收获期,包菜产量,水分利用效率,土壤保水能力都显著高于对照处理。吸水剂以深施效果最好,增产率达15.5%,水分利用效率提高48.3%,供试的吸水剂在抗旱节水上有很好的应用前景。     

三个烤烟品种生理指标与黑胫病抗性差异研究

为进一步研究烟草黑胫病对烟叶品质的影响,在相同的田间条件下,以烤烟‘红花大金元’（以下简称‘红大’）、‘K326’和‘云烟85’品种为材料,比较了不同烤烟品种的生理指标、黑胫病发病率和相关化学成分之间的关系。结果表明,‘红大’品种的黑胫病发病率、病情指数最高,‘K326’次之,‘云烟85’最低;‘云烟85’的POD、PPO、CAT抗性酶活性和总酚、类黄酮含量接种时最高,且增加量最大,‘K326’次之,‘红大’最小;PPO、CAT、POD活性和类黄酮、总酚含量呈负相关关系,与蛋白质、可溶性糖含量呈正相关关系。     

三个茶树新品种加工手工滇红碎茶品质对比研究

为研究不同茶树品种对滇红碎茶品质的影响,以国家级茶树良种‘云抗10号’为对照,选取省级茶树新品种‘云茶红1号’、‘云茶红2号’和‘云抗12号’3个茶树新品种为试验对象,按照统一采摘标准及加工方法制成手工滇红碎茶,比较主要生化成分测定结果和感官审评结果。结果表明：3个茶树新品种茶样的内含物质丰富,生化成分比例协调;感观审评5项因子的评分结果有2个品种比对照高,得分从高到低依次为‘云抗12号’、‘云茶红2号’、‘云抗10号’、‘云茶红1号’,说明3个茶树新品种均可作为生产滇红碎茶的选用品种,尤其以‘云抗12号’、‘云茶红2号’为宜。     

黑花生“中花9号”的施肥效应研究

在露地栽培条件下,设置5个复合肥施用量处理,探讨使用万植牌有机无机复合肥(N-P-K=15-15-15)栽培黑花生中花9号的适宜施肥量。结果表明:三峡库区采用万植牌有机无机复合肥露地栽培中花9号的适宜施肥量为40kg/667m~2,荚果产量可达249.5 kg/667m~2,饱果产量218.0 kg/667m~2,籽仁产量170.3 kg/667m~2,饱满籽仁产量可达126.6 kg/667m~2。     

丁硫克百威对白背飞虱和南方水稻黑条矮缩病的防治研究

为明确丁硫克百威拌种剂对水稻白背飞虱和南方水稻黑条矮缩病的防治效果及其对天敌的影响,选择不同剂量的35%丁硫克百威种子处理干粉剂进行拌种。结果表明:剂量是30 g/kg种子拌种可有效防治白背飞虱,在播种后32 d、43 d、50d和57 d的防效分别为:90.6%、78.4%、67.9%和61.1%;同时通过防治白背飞虱减少传毒媒介,能有效控制南方水稻黑条矮缩病的危害,防效为76.9%。     

Experiment on Activation of Black Soil by Electro-hydraulic Impulse

The activation of black soil (analog the lignite) by electro-hydraulic impulse is proposed. The abundant insoluble nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other organic elements in black soil are activated as the green fertilizer by this way. The new method is provided for activating sludge produced by treating wastewater. For several kinds of black soil, the experiment result indicates that electro-hydraulic impulse increases the percentage of absorbable nitrogen by 1 to 4 times and the percentage of insoluble organic elements by 4 times, which is a valuable reference to sludge treatment.