Haemoglobin and oxygen transport of the West Australian dhufish, Glaucosoma hebraicum Richardson, and other species

To better understand the possible role of deoxygenation of haemoglobin in the pathogenesis of exophthalmos in the West Australian dhufish, Glaucosoma hebraicum Richardson, some oxygen transport properties of haemoglobin from this species were determined and compared with haemoglobin from black bream, Acanthopagrus butcheri (Munro), snapper, Pagrus auratus (Bloch & Schneider) and King George whiting, Sillaginodes punctata (Cuvier). Dhufish had a single haemoglobin with a pronounced Root effect. Snapper and black bream blood had six and five types of haemoglobin, respectively. The magnitude of the Root effect of haemoglobins in the haemolysate was demonstrated by comparing oxygenation and total deoxygenation at pH 8 with relative deoxygenation at pH 6.9. Dhufish haemoglobin demonstrated a large Root effect, with the Root effect of King George whiting, snapper and black bream being of lesser magnitude. Deoxygenation of all haemolysates was more pronounced in the presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Seasonal changes in haematological parameters and ATP content of dhufish blood were not evident. The Root effect is discussed in the context of its possible role in oxygen supply to the retina and adaptation to the fish's habitat and the environment.     

中国近海黑鲷线粒体DNA控制区序列多态性分析

采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)和直接测序的方法,测定了广西北海、广东深圳和山东青岛3个地理群体共72尾黑鲷(Acanthopagrusschlegeli)线粒体Dloop第一高变区5′端547～549bp序列,以探讨黑鲷种群的遗传变异。分析结果表明:72条序列T、C、A、G4种核苷酸的平均含量分别为30.8%、21.8%、36.3%、11.0%。共检测到55个变异位点,其中转换位点32个,颠换位点19个,缺失/颠换位点1个,插入/颠换位点3个。72个个体具有51种单倍型(haplotype),单倍型比率为70.8%,黑鲷线粒体Dloop控制区表现出较为丰富的核苷酸多态性。对其所有单倍型依据序列距离使用NJ法构建的亲缘关系树并无明显的系谱分支,没有显示出明显的地理分布族群,说明黑鲷线粒体DNA控制区第一高变区序列无法用于黑鲷种群的鉴别。     

黑荆树皮单宁不同级分的生物活性研究

通过对黑荆(Acacia mearnsii)树皮单宁进行纯化和分级处理,研究了分子量及其分布范围不同的单宁各级分与明胶反应、抑酶、抑菌等生物活性差异,探讨了反应体系的pH值及反应物的质量比等因素对单宁生物活性的影响.研究表明,分子量大的单宁级分与明胶的结合能力强、对某些水解酶的抑制作用大;而分子量适中的单宁级分,对某些细菌的抑制作用最明显.     

刺槐薪炭林特性的研究

发展薪炭林是尽快解决农村能源有效的途径之一,1983年经对凌源、建平刺槐薪炭林特性的测试表明:刺槐在半干旱地区的阳坡半阳坡薄土层山地生长较快,8年生进入材积速生期,水平根系发达,根幅3×12米~1,产柴量;朝南沟谷地高于半阴半阳坡地;造林后封山育林明显高于不封山育林;采用短周期平茬高于其它采柴方式。刺槐萌芽力强,12年生树平茬后平均每株发萌条9.6根,薪柴含水率较低(湿柴含水29％);易燃,湿柴就可做燃料,热值高于杨、柳树。     

四倍体刺槐大小孢子发育时期与花器形态的相关性

本研究通过观察四倍体刺槐花器,得出相应的花蕾外部形态、大小、颜色和花序中不同序位花蕾发育时期与大小孢子细胞学发育时期密切相关。因此根据花器形态特征可判断大、小孢子发育细胞学的时期,从而为四倍体刺槐花器离体培养接种外植体的选择提供依据。     

耕作措施对农田黑土入渗速率的影响

应用田间长期定位试验，研究了5种耕作措施对东北农田黑土入渗速率的影响。结果表明，传统耕作为代表的平翻和旋松耕作的垄台容重最小，表层土壤稳定入渗速率高于其它3种耕作措施，分别为9．20mm／min和7．31mm／min。免耕垄台和垄沟的容重虽较高，但均具有较高的稳定入渗速率。在夏季进行垄沟深松少耕，可显著提高垄沟的稳定入渗速率。免耕和少耕是高效的水土保持耕作措施。     

不同杀菌条件对黑米饮料色泽和杀菌效果的影响

探讨了不同杀菌温度８５℃，９５℃，１００℃和不同杀菌时间１０，１５，２０ｍｉｎ对黑米饮料色泽和杀菌效果的影响。经方差分析得出影响黑米饮料色泽的主要因素是温度。结合微生物检测结果可得黑米饮料杀菌宜采用８５℃，１５ｍｉｎ的杀菌条件。     

Variation and heritability of economically important traits in black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) evaluated in a diallel cross design

Summary The inheritance of commercially important characters in black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) was investigated using a complete 5×5 varietal diallel cross. Estimates of the genetic components of variance and broad and narrow-sense heritabilities revealed that additive genetic effects were greater than nonadditive genetic effects for resistance to powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca mors-uvae Berk.), white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola Fisher) and leaf spot (Drepanopeziza ribis Kleb.) as well as for bush defoliation and length of strigs. Apart from resistance to leaf spot, narrow-sense heritabilities of these characters exceeded 0.5.Nonadditive genetic effects were greater than additive effects for plant habit, plant vigor, bush size, length of one-year-old shoots, uniformity of berry ripening and fruit yield per bush. Narrow-sense heritabilities of these characters were rather low (0.05–0.42).     

不同时期四倍体刺槐叶片氨基酸营养及其生物量初步分析

测定了廊坊地区饲料型四倍体刺槐叶粉4个不同时期的粗蛋白质含量及18种氨基酸组分,用氨基酸分(AAS)和必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)对其氨基酸营养进行评价,并结合其生物量对最佳刈割时期进行了分析。结果表明,饲料型四倍体刺槐叶粉4个时期的粗蛋白1、8种氨基酸总量和12种必需氨基酸含量均较高,且呈现随时间的推移而逐渐下降的趋势;其必需氨基酸分(AAS)均较高,氨基酸组成较平衡;对牛、猪、鸡、鸭、鹅、草鱼、对虾和羊8种动物的必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)4个时期之间无差异,均大于0.86,可作为这些动物的优良植物饲料蛋白源;在7月中下旬其生物量和营养达到了最佳结合点,适宜采摘或刈割。