天津滨海树木春植秋植效果分析

通过对天津滨海地区园林工程实践中数据的调查,比较了苗木春植与秋植的效果,明确了苗木秋植在园林工程建设中的重要作用,分析阐述了形成实际工作中秋植苗木成活率高于春植苗木成活率的原因,并提出了春植与秋植相结合的建议。     

利用模糊数学方法预测秋白菜适宜收获期

依据秋白菜受冻的日最低气温指标,利用本溪市1957～2008年逐日最低气温资料,应用模糊数学隶属度函数预测日最低≤-7℃的初日趋势,建立多元回归模型预测日最低气温≤-7℃初日,为指导秋白菜适时收获、合理安排上期提供科学的气象依据。     

四川稻麦两熟区中稻田连作秋大豆规范化栽培技术

根据“系统工程最佳模拟配合”原理，运用二次回归正交组合设计方法，研究了在四川生态区条件下稻麦两熟中稻田连作秋大豆高产高交规范化栽培主要可鬼斧神工因子（育苗期、移栽密度、施肥量）的优化组合技术。建立了高产高效两组数学模式；明确了3个可控因素的决策变量顺序及其最高产量、最佳效益的关系；优选了秋大豆100－125kg/667m^2、125kg/667m^2及净产值400元／667m^2以上的技术组合方案。     

Inter-relationships among cane yield and commercial cane sugar and their component traits in autumn plant crop of sugarcane

Seventeen diverse clones of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) (7 early, 6 mid season and 4 late) were planted in October 1991 and 1992 in flooded (FE) and non flooded (NFE) environments for evaluation of cane yield, commercial cane sugar (CCS), internode length, internode number, stalk length, stalk thickness (circumference), stalk number, sugar recovery, and stalk weight. Cane yield showed significant positive phenotypic correlation coefficient (PCC) with stalk number in FE (P ≤ 0.05) and NFE (P ≤ 0.01). Stalk length had a significant positive PCC with stalk weight in both environments, and with internode length in FE (P ≤ 0.05). Commercial cane sugar also expressed significant positive PCC with cane yield in both environments (P ≤ 0.01), but with stalk number only in NFE (P ≤ 0.05). Genotypic correlation coefficients were generally in the same direction as PCC but higher in magnitude. In both environments, stalk number and stalk weight had relatively high positive direct effects on cane yield. However, flooding tended to enhance the direct effect of stalk weight and diminish the direct effect of stalk number on cane yield. Only cane yield and sugar recovery had high direct effects on CCS. Selection for improvement of cane yield can be based on stalk number and stalk weight in both environments. High yielding clones can be further screened for more sugar recovery to improve CCS. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

山地幼龄茶园夏秋季免耕栽培技术研究

在重庆山地茶园中,主要研究了夏秋季免耕栽培技术及其对水土流失的保持效果,并提出:夏秋季离地4~7 cm时修剪杂草1~3次,既可有效控制水土流失、又能降低管理成本,是实行免耕较为理想的杂草管理模式;茶树行间10月种植绿肥翌年5月翻埋并配施追肥,可改良土壤结构,增加土壤养分,提高茶树生长势,形成土壤培肥模式。两种管理模式的配套,既培肥土壤又很好地控制了土壤侵蚀问题,是山地幼龄茶园较好的保持可持续发展的栽培技术及管理模式。     

草鱼、鲢、鳙秋繁及其对次年春繁的影响

1991年秋催产草鱼、鲂、鲢、鳙亲鱼256组,共获鱼苗5040万尾。平均催产率78.2%,受精率71.9%,孵化率75.4%。秋繁鱼苗当年可育成10cm以上鲢、鳙鱼种和8cm以上草鱼、鲂鱼种。鱼苗到鱼种成活率为37.2%。秋繁亲鱼次年春繁催产率、受精率和孵化率基本不受影响,产卵量比往年未秋繁者低6.8%～9.6%,卵径、卵粒重和鱼苗体长等无显著差异。草鱼、鲢、鳙卵母细胞发育不同步,春繁后经60天左右强化培育,卵巢中未成熟的卵母细胞可发育成熟。     

湘西北2009年夏秋严重干旱灾害天气分析

[目的]分析2009年湘西北夏秋严重干旱灾害天气。[方法]根据2009年6～9月湘西北张家界干旱期间的气象资料,对这次夏秋连旱的灾害特点进行了分析;并利用NCEP/NCAR 2.5°×2.5°再分析资料,采用气候诊断方法,从中高纬环流特征、西太平洋副热带高压及赤道中东太平洋海表温度异常特征、热带系统活动等方面,对这次严重干旱的成因进行初步分析。[结果]2009年湘西北夏秋严重干旱的特点是发展速度快、影响范围广、持续时间长、受灾损失大、高温酷暑时间长,其影响范围、持续时间及危害程度历史上罕见。干旱期间（6～9月）的大气环流异常,北半球极涡偏弱,中心偏北,欧亚中高纬为两槽一脊型,巴湖附近和鄂霍次克海到我国东部沿海各有一长波槽,而贝加尔湖至中亚地区有长波脊维持;长波脊稳定在90°～110°E中亚地区。6月中旬～9月中旬,西风指数向高指数调整,欧亚中高纬以纬向环流为主,在高纬度锋区上的冷空气是沿纬圈方向以小振幅波动形式向东传播,很难越过45°N附近这一西风屏障到达较低纬度;与此同时,西太平洋副热带高压北跳长期控制江南和华南地区,盛行下沉气流,酷热少雨,导致干旱迅速发展。6月开始赤道中东太平洋海温升高进入厄尔尼诺状态,凡是在春、夏季开始出现明显增温的厄尔尼诺事件,在厄尔尼诺爆发的当年或次年长江中下游梅雨量一般以偏少为主,偏少概率80%。厄尔尼诺年台风生成个数偏少,再加上受强大的西太平洋副热带高压影响,台风登陆的路径偏东或偏南,此类台风对缓解湘西北的干旱作用不大。[结论]该研究为短期气候预测水平和极端气候事件认识的提高提供理论依据。     

秋栽平菇品比试验简报

9个平菇菌株品比试验表明：各菌株在PDA培养基上菌丝生长速度有显著差异，在玉米粒培养基上差异不显著。并且在2种培养基上生长速度排列顺序不一致。在棉籽壳生料袋栽中生物学效率从高到低依次为江都109、天达2、江都302、科达杂优、广温七号、中杂9408、杂交24、天达1号、8813。江都109综合性状较好，在洛阳地区可大面积推广，其次为天达2号和科达杂优；而天达一号和8813发菌慢、出菇晚、产量低，应予淘汰；杂交24出菇早，头潮产量高，宜早秋栽培；江都302发菌慢，但产量高，宜中晚秋栽培；广温七号和中杂9408表现一般。     

秋马铃薯栽培技术

屏南县自然条件适合秋马铃薯种植,从地块选择、品种选择、整地施肥、催芽播种、田间管理、病虫害防治等方面总结了秋马铃薯高产栽培技术。     

Use of regrowth for forage in crops of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) cv. Grindstad grown for seed in Norway

Six experiments were carried out in two climatically different regions in south‐east Norway in order to compare different procedures for autumn management and use of regrowth in seed crops of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) cv. Grindstad. The experiments were laid out after seed harvest in mid‐August in crops with a stubble height of 5 cm (two experiments) or 12–15 cm (four experiments). Cutting to 5 cm on 15 September or 15 October, with or without an application of 50 kg N ha^?1 immediately after seed harvest, and with or without an additional application of 30 kg N ha^?1 after cutting, were compared with an uncut and unfertilized control treatment. As a main effect,autumn cutting increased seed yield in the subsequent year in only one experiment; this was laid out in a 13 cm stubble on a fertile soil near the coast. In the remaining five experiments seed yields were unaffected byautumn management regardless of climate or stubble height. Autumn cutting and N application increased the number of seedheads in two experiments, but this was offset by a drop in other seed yield components. On average for two cutting dates and for plots receiving an application of 50 kg N ha^?1 after seed harvest, the dry matter (DM) was 1430 kg ha^?1 on an inland site with 12–15 cm stubble, 1400 kg ha^?1 on a coastal site with 5 cm stubble and 2460 kg ha^?1 for two coastal sites with 12–15 cm stubble. Whereas forage yield and quality were fairly stable from the first to the second cut at the inland site, the yield of DM increased, but the crude protein and energy concentrations decreased from 15 September to 15 October at the coastal sites. It is concluded that the stubble and regrowth in seed crops of timothy cv. Grindstad can be harvested for forage without any effect on seed yield in the next year.