浅山丘陵地果材兼用型核桃栽培模式研究

我国分布有大量浅山丘陵地,在这些地区存在着退耕还林保护生态与发展经济脱贫致富的矛盾,因此发展核桃产业具有巨大的潜力。以建立浅山丘陵地核桃生态经济型栽培模式为目标,于2004—2015年,在河南省洛宁县罗岭乡路沟村开展了核桃果材兼用高效栽培模式的研究。选择早实核桃品种‘辽宁1号',通过高接方式比较了普通实生砧木、核桃本砧‘宁优'、优良杂种砧木‘中宁奇'和‘中宁魁'、黑核桃砧木品种‘中宁山'以及嫁接高度等对嫁接品种树体生长、坚果产量和品质以及经济效益的影响。结果显示:优良杂种砧木可以明显促进早实品种树体生长,具有壮树和防早衰的作用。对接口下5cm处砧木直径测量结果显示:杂种砧木‘中宁奇'和‘中宁魁' 的直径显著大于黑核桃砧木‘中宁山',黑核桃砧木‘中宁山'的直径显著大于核桃本砧‘宁优'。早实品种树体外围新梢生长量调查结果显示:‘中宁奇'和‘中宁魁'砧木上的新梢生长量最大,‘中宁山'和‘宁优'次之,‘中宁奇'比核桃本砧‘宁优'高24.2%;杂种砧木可以提高核桃坚果产量和品质。连续3年对果实产量进行调查,结果显示:以‘中宁奇'为砧木的‘辽宁1号'品种平均产量为3043.5kg/hm2,比传统栽培模式高31.4%,而且坚果风味明显提高;提高优良砧木留干高度,不仅可获得果和材的双收益,而且方便机械作业,减少人工成本。综合经济效益分析结果显示:以杂交种‘中宁奇'为砧木,留干高度1.5m的果材兼用模式,其经济效益明显高于传统栽培模式,盛果期收益可达117225元/hm2,为传统栽培模式下的1.98倍。本研究获得了适宜于丘陵山地、具有较高效益的果材兼用型核桃栽培模式。      

Effect of Organic Manure and Crop Residue Based Long-Term Nutrient Management Systems on Soil Quality Changes under Sole Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) and Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) – Finger Millet Rotation in Rainfed Alfisol

A long-term experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of integrated use of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on soil quality and its relation to finger millet yield under two predominant crop rotations viz., groundnut–finger millet and finger millet monocropping in hot moist semiarid rainfed Alfisol soils in South India. Two experiments were laid out separately for each cropping system in a randomized complete block design with five treatments individually with FYM and maize residue-based combinations viz., Control (T1), FYM @ 10t ha ^?1 or Maize residue (MR) @ 5t ha ^?1 (T2), farm yard manure (FYM) @ 10t ha ^?1 or Maize residue (MR) @ 5t ha ^?1 + 50% RDF (Recommended Fertiliser Dose) N, P₂O₅ &; K₂O (T3), FYM @ 10t ha ^?1 or Maize residue (MR) @ 5t ha ^?1 + 100% RDF N,P₂O₅ &; K₂O (T4), Recommended N, P₂O₅ &; K₂O (T5). Thus, four sets of nutrient management systems were evaluated. The results showed that farm yard manure or maize residue application in combination with recommended dose of fertilizer significantly improved the soil physical, chemical, and biological properties compared to control and application of inorganic fertilizers alone. Based on evaluation of 19 soil quality parameters under each of the four nutrient management systems, the common key soil quality indicators emerged out were: organic C (OC), available nitrogen (N), available sulfur (S), and mean weight diameter (MWD) of soil aggregates. A significant correlation between the finger millet yield and the relative soil quality indices (RSQI) indicates the importance of soil quality in these semiarid Alfisol soils. The results and the methodology adopted in the present study could be of importance in improving the soil quality not only for the region of the study, but also in other identical soils and cropping systems across the world.     

不同保鲜处理对槟榔贮藏品质的影响

将槟榔果实采后于10℃条件下预冷12 h,再用1μL/L的1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)处理12 h,分别进行特克多(TBZ)处理、热处理、紫外线处理后于14℃、相对湿度80%~90%的环境下贮藏40 d,研究不同处理对槟榔鲜果贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,3种处理对槟榔保鲜均有较好的效果,以TBZ处理的槟榔保鲜效果最佳,热处理次之。TBZ和热处理可有效减少槟榔VC、可溶性固形物含量和槟榔碱的消耗,抑制木质素的增加,保持槟榔果柄的硬度和较高的好果率。     

不同热处理方式对槟榔油脂肪酸成分及含量的影响

探究不同热处理方式对槟榔油脂肪酸成分及含量的影响。方法:利用不同的热处理方式,包括焙烤加热、微波加热和煎炒加热对槟榔油分别进行15、30、90min的加热处理,甲酯化后经GC-MS分析出其中脂肪酸成分及含量。结论:槟榔油的脂肪酸组分为豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、亚油酸和油酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸的相对含量在焙烤加热到60℃,持续15min时最高。     

青梅核仁中苦杏仁甙的水解研究

采用异烟酸-吡唑啉酮分光光度法,对分别腌制22 d4、5 d、90 d、180 d、360 d的青梅腌制废液中苦杏仁甙水解后产生的氢氰酸含量进行测定。结果表明:异烟酸-吡唑啉酮分光光度法有良好的精密度和准确度;苦杏仁甙完全水解的条件为pH<2,蒸馏时间80 min;腌制180 d的青梅腌制废液中苦杏仁甙基本水解完全,氢氰酸质量浓度为83.3 mg.L-1。     

Characterization of tree-to-tree variation in morphological,nutritional and medicinal properties of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Canarium indicum</Emphasis> nuts

As part of a feasibility study of the commercialization potential of C. indicum nuts as Agroforestry Tree Products in Papua New Guinea, preliminary characterization studies have examined the tree-to-tree variation in morphological traits (nut and kernel mass and kernel:nut ratio), as well as nutritional (carbohydrate, fat, protein, sodium, vitamin E) and medicinal traits (anti-oxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity and phenolic content) of kernels from 18 to 72 trees in a small number of different villages of Papua New Guinea (East New Britain Province). There was continuous variation in these traits indicating opportunities for multiple trait cultivar development targeted at food and pharmaceutical markets. Certain traits, for example anti-inflammatory activity, in which tree-to-tree variation was highly significant, present greater opportunities than others, such as saturated:unsaturated fatty acid ratio. This intraspecific variation was greater within populations than between populations. The data presented has allowed the development of a strategy to domesticate C. indicum for cultivation in homegardens and cocoa–coconut agroforests, using a participatory approach aimed at the production of agroforestry tree products (AFTPs) to empower small-holders and enhance their livelihoods and income.     

HPLC/ESI—MS法测定槟榔中的槟榔碱

建立槟榔中槟榔碱的高效液相色谱—电喷雾质谱(HPLC—ESI—MS)检测方法。通过优化色谱和质谱条件,以β-蒎烯为内标物,利用质谱定性和色谱定量测定槟榔碱的含量。槟榔碱在质量浓度为10.8￣86.4μg/mL时的线性关系良好,R=0.9985;最低检测限为0.4μg/mL(S/N=3);最低定量限为0.9μg/mL(S/N=10);平均回收率为98.32%,RSD为3.44%(n=5)。该方法具有流动相简单、分析时间短,以及不需对样品进行衍生,操作简便、定量准确和抗干扰能力强等优点。     

基于ANSYS减小接触应力的轻量化 车用螺母的优化分析

为了提高车用螺母的安全性、可靠性和轻量化,简化车用螺母的实验过程,本文运用 ANSYS 软件对紧固件螺母进行优化,直观地观察了六角螺母在预紧力作用下的力学特性,对六 角螺母的受力情况进行了静力分析。结果表明:优化前,六角螺母等效应力最大值和最小值都比 较大,优化后,六角螺母等效应力最大值和最小值都相应减小;在预紧力作用下,通过应力释放槽 能够降低螺母结合面上会产生局部应力集中现象;在施加相同挤压力的情况下,应力释放槽起到 了释放应力的效果,减小了螺母的接触面承受的接触应力,提高了螺母的力学性能;优化后六角     

松子糯米酒的酿造工艺研究

[目的]优化具有特殊风味的新型松子糯米酒的酿造工艺。[方法]以松子和糯米为原料,经糖化、发酵等工序制备松子糯米酒,采用单因素试验和正交试验考察松子与糯米的比例、酒曲添加量、发酵温度、发酵时间对感官指标的影响,最终得到松子糯米酒的最佳工艺条件。[结果]松子糯米酒的最佳酿造工艺条件:糯米∶松子为8.5∶1.5,酒曲选用根霉和酵母,在30℃下糖化48 h,在30℃下后发酵8 d,经蒸酒、过滤、灌装、杀菌得到质量较高的制品。[结论]研究可为提高松子的经济价值和附加值提供参考。     

土壤水分胁迫对槟榔幼苗叶片生理的影响

以海南长蒂种槟榔幼苗为材料,采用盆栽试验,通过控制土壤含水量,研究不同水分胁迫对槟榔幼苗叶片的生理生化指标的影响规律。结果表明:经土壤水分胁迫处理后,槟榔幼苗叶片的丙二醛(MDA)含量、脯氨酸(Pro)含量、可溶性糖(SS)含量及可溶性蛋白含量均呈现上升趋势;过氧化物酶(POD)活性和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈先升高后下降趋势,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性则显示先降低而后升高趋势。并且,随着水分胁迫强度的增加及持续时间的延长,槟榔幼苗叶片的各项指标变化幅度差异较大。综合分析,初步认为:土壤相对含水量75%左右较有利于槟榔幼苗的生长。