麻疯树茎段离体培养及快速繁殖研究

以麻疯树幼嫩枝条腋芽为外植体,以M S为基本培养基,附加不同浓度的激素组合(6 BA与IBA)进行芽诱导和增殖培养。结果表明,M S基本培养基利于不定芽的诱导与形成,出芽率可达75.0%。附加6 BA 2.5m g/L、IBA 0.1~0.5m g/L的组合芽增殖率可达47.6%~47.8%;随着6 BA浓度增加,芽增殖率也随着升高,但不同浓度IBA对芽增殖率的影响则没有一定规律,其增殖效果不如6 BA明显。此外,在M S基本培养基中是否添加激素对生根培养影响不大,两者生根率差异不明显。     

液培条件下养分组成对叶菜硝酸盐及营养品质的影响

采用液培试验研究了养分组成对生菜和莴笋2种叶菜生长、硝酸盐含量及营养品质的影响,结果表明:(1)在氮肥用量相等时,增施磷肥和钼肥,降低营养液NO3--N与NH4+-N比例及增施氮、钾肥,均降低了2种叶菜的硝酸盐含量;(2)生菜以增施磷肥和钼肥,NO3--N∶NH4+-N=8∶2处理时,使生菜硝酸盐含量减少19.7%,同时获得较高产量及营养品质;莴笋在营养液配方以增施磷肥和钼肥,NO3--N∶NH4+-N=6∶4(柠檬酸叶面喷施)处理最佳,使茎、叶硝酸盐含量分别降低39.5%、17.0%,改善了营养品质,提高了产量;(3)改变氮肥形态比例,增施磷、钼肥,同时增加氮、钾用量,莴笋产量增加36.8%,茎、叶硝酸盐含量降低8.5%、9.8%,营养品质改善;而生菜产量降低16.3%,且对营养品质不利。     

Effect of harvesting time on nut quality of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars

The appropriate time of harvest is one of the most important factors affecting the quality of pistachio. Cultivars ‘Ahmad-Aghaii’, ‘Kaleh-Ghoochi’, ‘Ohadi’ and ‘Badami-Zarand’ were evaluated for qualitative indices of nut over a period of four years from 2001 to 2004. Nut samples were collected during eight successive weeks from 23 August to 11 October. Splitting, early splitting, hull cracking and hulling percentage continually increased toward the last harvest week while non-splitting, immaturity, number of nuts per ounce and moisture content decreased during the harvest weeks. The increment of splitting and the number of nuts per ounce was not significant from 20 September to the last week of harvest. Early splitting, hull cracking and aflatoxin contamination of kernel progressively increased from 13 September. Total crude fat and sugar contents showed a peak in the middle of September. The concentration of aflatoxins prior or at maturity stage of selected cultivars was lower than the critical level. In general, the appropriate time of harvest for the cultivars studied is the middle of September to avoid contamination of nuts to aflatoxin and to ensure the nut quality. This study emphasizes different quality indices for determining the optimum harvest time of pistachio crop.     

Assessment of Boron Application in Chestnuts: Nut Yield and Quality

A field trial was conducted between 2006 and 2009 in order to quantify the effect of boron (B) application on the yield and quality of chestnuts. The trial was established in an acid soil derived from siliceous schist and two levels of B were applied. Fruit abortion and nut yield per tree were measured, and nut quality parameters and chemical composition of the kernel were determined. Foliar B concentration was 8.6 mg kg^?1 in the control trees and 48.4 mg kg^?1 in fertilized chestnuts. Boron improved fruit setting and promoted nut production by 77%. In 2008, the occurrence of cold temperatures enhanced the effect of B on fruit setting, which was four-fold, whereas with the normal temperatures of 2009 the increase was lower. The drought of 2009 was responsible for the ruinous chestnut caliber and shell cracking. Boron induced a significant increase in the crude fat of chestnut kernel.     

不同密度槟榔间作对香草兰叶绿素荧光特性的影响

研究分析3种不同密度槟榔园间作对成龄香草兰叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明,在一定范围内,香草兰PSII的潜在活性(Fv/Fo)和表观光合电子传递速率(ETR)随着槟榔密度的降低而显著降低;同时,最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学效率(Yield)和光化学淬灭系数(qP)都呈下降趋势;低密度槟榔园间作条件下,香草兰的天线转化效率(Fv′/Fm′)最低。表明高密度槟榔(株行距为2.0 m×2.5 m)条件较适合间作香草兰,在生产中可以应用。     

仁用加工型平欧杂种榛品种(系)的坚果经济性状

榛子为榛属(Corylus)植物,世界上约有18个种,我国是重要的产地,原产8个种和2个变种(张宇和等,2005).20世纪80年代至今的近30年间,国内育种专家通过我国平榛(C.heterophylla)和欧洲榛(C.avellana)的种间杂交,获得了平欧杂种榛(C.heterophylla×C.avellana),成为榛属植物一个新种质,具有果大、丰产、出仁率高、果仁饱满等特点,在抗寒性和适应性等方面超过欧洲榛,目前,已经鉴定了‘达维’、‘玉坠’、‘薄壳红’等多个平欧杂种榛新品种(梁维坚等,2000;张玲等,2007;2008;郑金利等,2007;2008;段鹏勇等,2009;潘洪泽等,2010),并筛选出了一些大果、抗寒、丰产等性状优良的品系,完成了我国平欧杂种榛育种的初期目标(梁维坚等,2002).     

Fostering sustainable water use in almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.) orchards in a semiarid Mediterranean environment

This work examines the long-term effects of deficit-irrigation (DI) practices in almond crop (Prunus dulcis Mill.) in agronomical and physiological terms. The trial was conducted during four-year monitoring period (2014–2017), in an experimental orchard (SW Spain), subjected to three irrigation regimes; i) a full-irrigation treatment (F_I), which received 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ET_C); ii) a regulated-deficit irrigation (RDI₅₀), which received 50% of ET_C during the kernel-filling period; and iii) a low-frequency deficit irrigation (LFDI), that was subjected to continuous periods of irrigation-restriction defined in terms of threshold values of leaf-water potential (Ψ_leaf) during the kernel-filling period. During the water stress period, there were monitored Ψ_leaf, stomatal conductance (g_s) and canopy temperature (T_C). Significant improvements in terms of water-use efficiency were found, as no differences in terms of yield between F_I and LFDI were found, leading to the conclusion that significant water savings (between 27 and 40%) can be achieved without compromising the yield. Moreover, threshold values of Ψ_leaf and thermal indicators were defined which will allow establishing future irrigation scheduling without compromising almond yield, especially when DI strategies are being applied.     

不同品种授粉对长山核桃坐果及果实性状的影响

以9个授粉品种对5个长山核桃无性系进行人工授粉,探讨不同授粉品种对长山核桃坐果率及果实性状的影响。结果表明,5个无性系的父本方差贡献率均高于5 0%,同一母本下,不同父本的杂交组合之间坐果差异都达到了极显著水平。父、母本之间表现出交互作用,除核果质量的父本间差异不显著,其余性状各差异均达到极显著水平;4 5个杂交组合内7个性状指标的变异幅度很大,变异系数最大的是无性系2 1号单果质量,达到2 6.3 3%,最小的是无性系1 3号核果径,为1.5 3%;根据各杂交组合单株间坐果及果实性状的差异情况,为5个母本筛选了适合的父本作为与其配置的授粉品种,如3 5号和建林1号可为无性系1 0 4授粉,1号、3 4号和建林1号可为无性系2 8号授粉,5号和1 2 7号可为无性系2 1号授粉,3 4号和6号可为无性系1 3号授粉,以及3 5号、5 2号和建林1号可为无性系1 1号授粉。     

蔗园恶性杂草香附子药剂防除效果评价

为筛选蔗园恶性杂草香附子的理想安全性除草剂,选用20%噻吩磺隆WP和65%甲·灭·敌草隆WP进行田间药效试验。田间试验结果表明：20%噻吩磺隆WP和65%甲·灭·敌草隆WP对蔗园恶性杂草香附子均具有良好的防除效果,是防除蔗园恶性杂草香附子的理想除草剂。20%噻吩磺隆WP最适宜用量为1125 g/hm²（有效成分225 g）、65%甲·灭·敌草隆WP为3150 g/hm²（有效成分2047.5 g）。2种药剂均可在香附子生长旺盛期（株高10~15 cm）,按每公顷用药量兑水675 kg进行定向茎叶喷雾,药后15天防除效果可达87.9%以上。     

生长调节剂对板栗结实情况和果实品质的影响

为了降低板栗空苞率和提高板栗果实品质,寻求合适的喷施生长调节剂的方法。以‘遵玉’为试材,于不同时期对板栗喷施不同的生长调节剂,探究生长调节剂对板栗结实情况和果实品质的影响。结果表明：盛花始期喷施SA可显著提高板栗实蓬率、每苞中板栗的个数和可溶性糖、淀粉和蛋白质含量,其中以0.2 nmol/L效果最佳,相比于对照组分别提高了15.50%、79.64%、19.20%、11.20%和6.09%;板栗幼胚发育前喷施0.01 mg/L BR可显著提高板栗实蓬率、可溶性糖和蛋白质含量,分别提高了14.16%、26.37%和5.69%,而喷施0.001 mg/L BR可显著提高板栗实蓬率和每苞中板栗的个数,分别提高了19.42%和125.56%,其中每苞坚果个数增幅高达125.56%,可显著提高板栗产量。因此,建议于板栗盛花始期喷施0.2 nmol/L SA,于幼胚发育前喷施0.001 mg/L BR或0.01 mg/L BR,以提高板栗产量和品质。