宿主膜联蛋白A2与伪狂犬病病毒US3蛋白互作及其对细胞凋亡的影响

US3蛋白激酶是伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）的一个重要毒力因子,研究显示US3参与了细胞骨架重排、病毒复制和传播、细胞凋亡和干扰素信号通路等多个生物学过程,鉴定新的和US3互作的宿主蛋白对于认识其生物学功能具有重要意义。本研究首先利用免疫共沉淀和pull-down技术验证了US3和宿主膜联蛋白A2（ANXA2）的相互作用;然后利用RNAi技术,通过荧光定量PCR、病毒滴度测定和免疫印迹分析,发现敲低ANXA2的表达显著抑制了PRV在PK-15细胞上的增殖;进一步发现过表达ANXA2可以抑制PRV或者凋亡刺激剂诱导的细胞凋亡,提示ANXA2具有负调控细胞凋亡的作用。本研究进一步完善了可以和US3蛋白互作的宿主蛋白成员,加深了人们对ANXA2生物学功能的理解。     

Effects of Addition of Tissue‐Type Plasminogen Activator in In Vitro Fertilization Medium on Bovine Embryo Development and Quality

Plasminogen activators/Plasmin system plays pivotal role in regulating reproductive functions of mammals. Here, we examined the effects of modification of in vitro fertilization medium (IVF medium) with the addition of tissue‐type plasminogen activator (t‐PA), on bovine embryo development and quality, assessed by quantification of expression of various genes related to metabolism, oxidation, implantation and apoptosis. In addition, plasminogen activator activity (PAA) and plasminogen activator inhibition (PAI) were measured in the spent media. After conventional IVM, 2016 cumulus‐oocyte complexes (COCs) were divided into four groups with modified composition of the IVF medium containing t‐PA and/or its inhibitor epsilon‐aminocaproic acid (control, t‐PA, t‐PA+ε‐ACA, ε‐ACA). Presumptive zygotes were cultured for 8 days in synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF) medium; gene expression studies were carried out on morulae and blastocysts. t‐PA alone significantly suppressed cleavage and blastocyst formation rates, but this effect was neutralized by the addition of ε‐ACA. PAA in the treated group was significantly reduced by ε‐ACA, but without total elimination. Significant differences were detected in the expression of genes related to apoptosis and/or cell cycle arrest (BAX, BCL2L1, KAT2B) between embryos produced in t‐PA‐modified media and controls, giving an overall notion that the inferior developmental competence of treated embryos may be attributed to apoptotic phenomena induced by t‐PA. In conclusion, it appears that excessive t‐PA content in the IVF media, suppresses blastocyst formation rate, possibly due to induction of apoptotic phenomena.     

Protective effect of butylated hydroxylanisole against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes

Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) is a synthetic phenolic compound consisting of a mixture of two isomeric organic compounds: 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole. We examined the effect of BHA against hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced apoptosis in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes. Cell viability was significantly decreased by H₂O₂ in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, H₂O₂ treatment increased Bax, decreased Bcl-2, and promoted PARP-1 cleavage in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with BHA before exposure to H₂O₂ significantly attenuated the H₂O₂-induced decrease of cell viability. H₂O₂ exposure resulted in an increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation that was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with BHA or N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC, an ROS scavenger). H₂O₂-induced decrease of cell viability was also attenuated by pretreatment with BHA and NAC. Furthermore, H₂O₂-induced increase of Bax, decrease of Bcl-2, and PARP-1 cleavage was also inhibited by BHA. Taken together, results of this investigation demonstrated that BHA protects primary cultured mouse hepatocytes against H₂O₂-induced apoptosis by inhibiting ROS generation.     

IL-15过表达对猪骨骼肌细胞成肌分化的影响

【目的】研究肌肉因子IL-15（interleukin 15）对猪骨骼肌成肌细胞增殖与凋亡的影响,为进一步研究IL-15在动物肌肉品质调控和骨骼肌疾病治疗提供依据。【方法】构建IL-15过表达慢病毒载体GV-492-IL-15,体外无菌分离培养猪骨骼肌卫星细胞,诱导分化,并通过免疫荧光染色进行成肌细胞验证。将成肌细胞转染IL-15过表达重组慢病毒载体,试验分别设置空白对照组（Control）、转染阴性对照病毒组（IL-15-）和转染GV-492-IL-15（IL-15+）慢病毒试验组（n=3）。培养72 h后,收集细胞和培养上清液。分别采用实时定量PCR（qRT-PCR）和Western Blot技术分析目的基因和蛋白的表达情况,采用ELISA试剂盒分析培养液中IL-15含量,采用CCK-8试剂盒分析成肌细胞活力,采用流式细胞术分析细胞周期和细胞凋亡,采用Western Blot技术检测与细胞凋亡密切相关的caspase-3蛋白表达水平的变化。【结果】（1）经鉴定后的质粒转染293T细胞,细胞内可观察到明显的绿色荧光,经Western Blot检测,可以观察到20 kD附近处有特征条带;（2）分离培养的猪骨骼肌卫星细胞呈梭形或纺锤形,诱导后可分化为呈管状的成肌细胞。将分化后的成肌细胞,进行α-SMA单克隆抗体免疫荧光染色,视野中90%的细胞呈阳性反应,胞浆染成红色,表明细胞为骨骼肌成肌细胞。（3）转染GV-492-IL-15慢病毒后,与对照细胞组相比,成肌细胞内IL-15 mRNA和蛋白相对表达量均极显著升高（P<0.001）,但培养液中IL-15蛋白水平变化不大（P>0.05）。CCK-8结果显示,过表达IL-15可增强细胞的增殖能力（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,转染GV-492-IL-15慢病毒的细胞早期凋亡率差异不显著（P>0.05）,但细胞晚期凋亡率显著下降（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,转染慢病毒组细胞中caspase-3蛋白有下降的趋势,但差异不显著（P>0.05）。此外,转染IL-15过表达慢病毒可使G1期细胞比例显著下降,S期和G2/M期细胞比例显著升高（P<0.05）。【结论】在正常生理条件下,IL-15是定位在细胞内并发挥作用的,IL-15过表达对猪骨骼肌成肌细胞早期凋亡没有显著影响,但可以抑制其晚期凋亡,并促进细胞增殖。这一研究将为IL-15正向调控猪骨骼肌肌肉品质和治疗相关肌肉疾病提供技术和理论依据。     

Cytotoxic Effects of Loperamide Hydrochloride on Canine Cancer Cells

Loperamide is a peripheral opiate agonist that can cause apoptosis and G2/M arrest in human cancer cell lines and may sensitize cells to chemotherapy. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of loperamide on viability, apoptosis and cell cycle kinetics in canine cancer cells and to establish whether the drug sensitizes cells to doxorubicin. Cell viability was assessed using Alamar Blue. Cell death and cell cycle were studied using flow cytometry with 7-Aminoactinomycin-D (7-AAD) and propidium iodide (PI), respectively. Loperamide decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent fashion and was most effective against canine osteosarcoma cells. In all cell lines, it induced a dose and time dependent apoptosis and resulted in accumulation in G0/G1. When co-incubated with doxorubicin, loperamide induced a synergistic cell kill in canine carcinoma cells. Investigation is warranted into the role of loperamide in the treatment of canine cancer.     

N-乙酰L-半胱氨酸预处理对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护机制

制备大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注实验模型,通过N-乙酰L-半胱氨酸（NAC）预处理对脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用,探索脑梗死病理过程及药物治疗途径。NAC预处理21d,利用栓线法建立大鼠大脑中动脉栓塞模型,造模后24h进行神经症状评分,TTC染色,检测血浆MDA、GSH含量,观察大脑皮质细胞凋亡情况及凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2、Bax的表达。结果显示,通过神经症状评分和TTC染色判定大鼠局灶性脑缺血实验模型建立成功。与对照组相比,NAC预处理组（100mg·kg^-1）大鼠血浆中MDA含量显著降低（P〈0.05）,GSH含量显著升高（P〈0.05）;NAC模型组细胞凋亡率及Bax/Bcl-2比值明显低于对照组。结果表明,NAC通过改善氧化应激状态,调控凋亡蛋白Bcl-2、Bax表达,从而对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

miR-21:生成、表达调控及对其细胞凋亡的影响

凋亡是细胞的一种基本生物学现象,在机体生命过程中发挥着重要作用。miRNAs是在真核生物内发现的一类长度约22个核苷酸的内源性非编码单链小RNA,通过调控靶基因的表达参与调控细胞的凋亡、分化、增殖、侵袭和代谢。大量的研究表明,miR-21作为miRNAs重要成员之一,与细胞凋亡有重要联系。本文将从miR-21的生成、表达调控及对细胞凋亡的影响方面进行综述。     

喹乙醇诱导鲤肝细胞凋亡的研究

细胞凋亡(apoptosis)是受基因控制的细胞自主的有序死亡。凋亡细胞的形态特征主要表现为细胞核的染色质浓缩,边移,聚集在核膜下,进而核发生裂解,核碎片与细胞碎片有单层膜包裹形成凋亡小体(apoptosisbody)[1]。目前已发现某些物理因素(辐射、高温等)、细胞因子、病毒感染和     

B细胞淋巴瘤-2家族蛋白与细胞凋亡简

细胞凋亡是由多基因控制的细胞自主有序的死亡,以维持内环境稳定。其在多细胞生物的组织分化、器官发育、机体稳态的维持中有重要意义。细胞凋亡可促进因感染、损伤所致的细胞死亡并被机体清除,临床上细胞凋亡与许多疾病有直接关系。B细胞淋巴瘤-2（Bcl-2）家族蛋白是参与细胞凋亡的重要调节分子,既可抑制也可促进细胞凋亡。作者概述了Bcl-2蛋白家族成员、结构特点、Bcl-2蛋白家族与细胞凋亡的关系及生物学意义。