鸡粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子-猪干扰素α1融合基因在大肠埃希菌中的可溶性表达及其生物学活性研究

为可溶性表达重组鸡粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(ChGM-CSF)与猪干扰素α1(PoIFNα1)融合蛋白,并研究其生物学活性,本研究分别提取鸡、猪肝脏细胞总RNA,采用RT-PCR方法扩增ChGM-CSF和PoIFNα1基因,经linker连接上述两种基因后将其克隆于pET-32a原核表达载体,转化E.coliBL21(DE3)菌株进行诱导表达,SDS-PAGE和western blot检测融合蛋白表达产物。在ST细胞/VSV病毒测定系统以细胞病变抑制法滴定该融合蛋白的抗病毒活性;同时用MTT法检测其对鸡淋巴细胞增殖活性的促进作用。结果显示,PCR扩增并融合后的ChGM-CSF和PoIFNα1融合基因约为1000bp,构建重组表达载体后,诱导表达的rChGM-CSF-PoIFNα1融合蛋白分子量约55ku,主要存在于破碎菌体的上清中,表达量较高。Westernblot检测结果显示,该融合蛋白分别能够与ChGM-CSF多抗和PoIFNα单克隆抗体特异性结合,其抗病毒比活性约为1.1×10^6IU/mg,并且具有促进鸡淋巴细胞增殖的活性。本研究为rChGM-CSF-PoIFNα1重组融合蛋白的研制及其相关活性的测定提供实验依据。     

重组犬α6干扰素的酵母表达及其抗病毒活性评价

试验旨在构建犬α6干扰素毕赤酵母表达系统,并对其进行优化和筛选,以期获得高活性的重组犬α6干扰素（CaIFN-α6）。根据CaIFN-α6基因序列,按毕赤酵母菌密码子偏好性对CaIFN-α6全基因序列进行优化与合成,用Xho Ⅰ和Not Ⅰ双酶切将其连接至载体pPICZαA中,构建pPICZαA-CaIFN-α6重组表达质粒,转化大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞。提取质粒pPICZαA-CaIFN-α6并线性化,电转入酵母感受态细胞X33中制备重组菌。采用甲醇进行诱导表达,收集上清,超滤浓缩,最终获得纯化的重组CaIFN-α6。利用BCA法测得纯化后的CaIFN-α6蛋白浓度为1.5 mg/mL,Western blotting分析表明CaIFN-α6蛋白具有良好的反应原性,SDS-PAGE显示其纯度约在95%以上,MDCK/VSV法检测其效价为2.37×10⁷ IU/mL,比活性为1.58×10⁷ IU/mg。结果表明犬α6干扰素在毕赤酵母pPICZαA表达载体系统中成功表达,且具有较高的生物活性,为后期的犬病毒病的临床预防与治疗提供了良好的支撑。     

3种检测牛白细胞源抗菌肽抗病毒活性方法的建立

为了建立牛白细胞源抗菌肽抗病毒活性的检测方法,采用半数组织细胞感染量(TCID₅₀)测定、荧光试验、MTT比色3种方法,用Vero ccl-81作为细胞模型,以猪水疱性口炎病毒(VSV)作为模式病毒,对牛白细胞源抗菌肽抗病毒活性进行评价。依据3种方法浓度水平测定的结果和由此结果推算出的抗病毒指标值建立回归模型,并对3种方法的稳定性进行试验。结果表明:抗菌肽浓度在0～62.5μg/mL时对Vero ccl-81细胞安全,在此浓度区间检测方法有效。在3种检测方法中,TCID₅₀法最准确,荧光试验特异直观迅速,MTT比色法准确又直观。TCID₅₀方法回归模型方程为:y=0.285x+1.890(R^2=0.928),荧光试验回归模型方程为:y=2.138x+6.136(R^2=0.903),CPE法回归模型方程为:y=10.229x+3.859(R^2=0.979),3种方法稳定性均较好。说明牛白细胞源抗菌肽基于TCID₅₀法、荧光试验、MTT比色法3种方法联合检测模型可以定量化地准确计算其抗病毒活性。     

猪精液中繁殖与呼吸综合症病毒的抗性药物筛选研究

猪蓝耳病毒等在感染的猪的精液中可检测到相关病毒,能过精液导致疫病爆发已有报道,筛选在体外精液中抗病毒药物组方意义重大.应用细胞培养和病毒滴度试验,比对筛选不同类型抗病毒中药、化药及组合配方抗猪精液中蓝耳病病毒（PRRSV）的作用效果.结果表明黄芩、利巴韦林、银黄与利巴韦林组合制剂3种配方具有抗猪精液中蓝耳病病毒（PRRSV）的作用,其中银黄和利巴韦林组合配方对蓝耳病病毒（PRRSV）抑制率达到78％,抗猪精液中蓝耳病病毒（PRRSV）效果显著.为人工授精和冷冻精液制贮备中预防疫病发生提供了基础.     

Antiviral activity of exopolysaccharides from Arthrospira platensis against koi herpesvirus

Although koi herpesvirus (KHV) has a history of causing severe economic losses in common carp and koi farms, there are still no treatments available on the market. Thus, the aim of this study was to test exopolysaccharides (EPS) for its antiviral activity against KHV, by monitoring inhibition and cytotoxic effects in common carp brain cells. These substances can be easily extracted from extracellular algae supernatant and were identified as groups of sulphated polysaccharides. In order to reach this aim, Arthrospira platensis, which is well known for its antiviral activity of intra‐ and extracellular compounds towards mammalian herpesviruses, was investigated as standard organism and compared to commercial antiviral drug, ganciclovir, which inhibits the viral DNA polymerization. The antiviral activity of polysaccharides of A. platensis against KHV was confirmed in vitro using qualitative assessment of KHV life cycle genes, and it was found by RT‐PCR that EPS, applied at a concentration of >18 μg mL^?1 and a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.45 of KHV, suppressed the viral replication in common carp brain (CCB) cells even after 22 days post‐infection, entirely. Further, this study presents first data indicating an enormous potential using polysaccharides as an additive for aquacultures to lower or hinder the spread of the KHV and koi herpesvirus disease (KHVD) in future.     

In Vitro Anti-Orthohantavirus Activity of the High-and Low-Molecular-Weight Fractions of Fucoidan from the Brown Alga Fucus evanescens

The Hantaan orthohantavirus (genovariant Amur–AMRV) is a rodent-borne zoonotic virus; it is the causative agent of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in humans. The currently limited therapeutic options require the development of effective anti-orthohantavirus drugs. The ability of native fucoidan from Fucus evanescens (FeF) and its enzymatically prepared high-molecular-weight (FeHMP) and low-molecular-weight (FeLMP) fractions to inhibit different stages of AMRV infection in Vero cells was studied. The structures of derivatives obtained were determined using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. We found that fucoidan and its derivatives exhibited significant antiviral activity by affecting the early stages of the AMRV lifecycle, notably virus attachment and penetration. The FeHMP and FeLMP fractions showed the highest anti-adsorption activity by inhibiting AMRV focus formation, with a selective index (SI) > 110; FeF had an SI of ~70. The FeLMP fraction showed a greater virucidal effect compared with FeF and the FeHMP fraction. It was shown by molecular docking that 2O-sulphated fucotetrasaccharide, a main component of the FeLMP fraction, is able to bind with the AMRV envelope glycoproteins Gn/Gc and with integrin β3 to prevent virus–cell interactions. The relatively small size of these sites of interactions explains the higher anti-AMRV activity of the FeLMP fraction.     

Algal and Cyanobacterial Lectins and Their Antimicrobial Properties

Lectins are proteins with a remarkably high affinity and specificity for carbohydrates. Many organisms naturally produce them, including animals, plants, fungi, protists, bacteria, archaea, and viruses. The present report focuses on lectins produced by marine or freshwater organisms, in particular algae and cyanobacteria. We explore their structure, function, classification, and antimicrobial properties. Furthermore, we look at the expression of lectins in heterologous systems and the current research on the preclinical and clinical evaluation of these fascinating molecules. The further development of these molecules might positively impact human health, particularly the prevention or treatment of diseases caused by pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus, influenza, and severe acute respiratory coronaviruses, among others.     

大黄素甲醚、大黄酸的研究进展

2014年世界卫生组织首份全球抗菌素耐药报告显示全世界面临严重的公共卫生威胁,2021年农业农村部制定了《全国兽用抗菌药使用减量化行动方案》(2021-2025),从国家层面实施综合治理策略和措施,鼓励替代抗菌药物的研制和创新。大黄素甲醚、大黄酸作为植物蒽醌类有效成分,具有抗微生物、抗炎、抗氧化、神经保护等药理作用,但对其抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎症相关的作用机制和产业化工艺缺少详细报道。本文对国内外已经发表的专利文献、期刊文献进行综述,总结其抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎作用机制及其生产工艺,以期为进一步开发利用提供科学支撑。     

Recombinant Expression of a Modified Shrimp Anti-Lipopolysaccharide Factor Gene in Pichia pastoris GS115 and Its Characteristic Analysis

Anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) with a LPS-binding domain (LBD) are considered to have broad spectrum antimicrobial activities and certain antiviral properties in crustaceans. FcALF2 was one isoform of ALFs isolated from the Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis. Our previous study showed that a modified LBD domain (named LBDv) of FcALF2 exhibited a highly enhanced antimicrobial activity. In the present study, a modified FcALF2 gene (mFcALF2), in which the LBD was substituted by LBDv, was designed and synthesized. This gene was successfully expressed in yeast Pichia pastoris GS115 eukaryotic expression system, and the characteristics of the recombinant protein mFcALF2 were analyzed. mFcALF2 exhibited apparent antibacterial activities against Gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio harveyi, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Gram-positive bacteria, including Bacillus licheniformis and Staphylococcus epidermidis. In addition, mFcALF2 could reduce the propagation of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in vivo by pre-incubation with virus. The present study paves the way for developing antimicrobial drugs in aquaculture.     

Physicochemical and Biological Characterization of Fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus Purified by Dye Affinity Chromatography

A comparative study concerning the physicochemical, monomeric composition and biological characters among different fucoidan fractions is presented. Common purification techniques for fucoidan usually involve many steps. During these steps, the important structural features might be affected and consequently alter its biological activities. Three purified fractions were derived from Fucus vesiculosus water extract which, afterwards, were purified by a recently-developed dye affinity chromatography protocol. This protocol is based on dye-sulfated polysaccharide interactions. The first two fractions were obtained from crude precipitated fucoidan at different pH values of the adsorption phase: pH 1 and 6. This procedure resulted in fucoidan_1 and 6 fractions. The other, third, fraction: fucoidan_M, however, was obtained from a buffered crude extract at pH 1, eliminating the ethanol precipitation step. All of the three fractions were then further evaluated. Results revealed that fucoidan_M showed the highest sulfur content (S%), 12.11%, with the lowest average molecular weight, 48 kDa. Fucose, galactose, and uronic acid/glucose dimers were detected in all fractions, although, xylose was only detected in fucoidan_1 and 6. In a concentration of 10 µg·mL⁻¹, Fucoidan_6 showed the highest heparin-like anticoagulant activity and could prolong the APTT and TT significantly to 66.03 ± 2.93 and 75.36 ± 1.37 s, respectively. In addition, fucoidan_M demonstrated the highest potency against HSV-1 with an IC₅₀ of 2.41 µg·mL⁻¹. The technique proved to be a candidate for fucoidan purifaction from its crude extract removing the precipitation step from common purification protocols and produced different fucoidan qualities resulted from the different incubation conditions with the immobilized thiazine toluidine blue O dye.