遵义小钝吻鮠体表黏液抗菌肽的分离纯化

[目的]从遵义小钝吻鮠(Leioxassis microcrassirostris Zunyiensis Xiao sp.nov.)体表黏液中获取高质量的抗菌肽,为提高其先天免疫能力及病害防治效果奠定基础.[方法]采用物理方法收集遵义小钝吻鮠的体表黏液,以5％乙酸进行浸提,采用SephadexG-50和SephadexG-25两步凝胶层析技术对抗菌粗提物进行分离纯化,结合Tricine-SDS-PAGE电泳法进行分离鉴定,并运用牛津杯法和挖孔法进行抑菌试验.[结果]遵义小钝吻鮠体表黏液经乙酸法浸提处理并冷冻干燥,其粗提物呈白色粉末,稀释液蛋白质含量为1755 μg/mL;经SephadexG-50凝胶层析分离,其纯化产物抑菌活性峰主要在峰Ⅱ和峰Ⅲ,抑菌圈直径11.66 mm;再经SephadexG-25凝胶层析分离纯化后出现单一活性峰,其产物为分子量小于4.1kD的抗菌肽,抑菌圈直径12.85mm.[结论]遵义小钝吻鮠无需诱导刺激,可直接采用物理方法收集其体表黏液,以5％乙酸浸提后经SephadexG-50和SephadexG-25两步凝胶层析便可分离出纯度较高的抗菌肽.     

广西地不容内生真菌疣孢漆斑菌DBR-11的抑菌活性

为了研究广西地不容内生真菌的抑菌活性,从广西地不容块根中分离纯化出18株内生真菌,采用拮抗试验测定了其对10种植物病原真菌的抑制活性,发现疣孢漆斑菌DBR-11对多数供试菌有很好的抑制活性。进一步测定了DBR-11菌株发酵产物的抑菌活性,发现发酵产物的乙酸乙酯萃取物对病原菌的抑制活性较高,质量浓度为5 g/L时,对10种植物病原真菌的抑菌率均在90%以上,有效中浓度(EC50)为0.007 2~0.446 5 g/L,其中对烟草黑胫病菌的毒力最高,EC50值为0.007 2 g/L;发酵产物的乙酸乙酯萃取物质量浓度为2 g/L时,72 h对15种供试动物病原菌中的7种能完全抑制,最低抑制浓度(MIC)为0.062 5~0.25 g/L,其中对痢疾志贺氏菌的抑制活性最高,MIC值为0.062 5 g/L。DBR-11发酵产物乙酸乙酯萃取物有广谱的抗菌活性,具有潜在的应用价值。     

凡纳滨对虾抗菌肽crunstinA在毕赤酵母菌中的表达

[目的]明确凡纳滨对虾抗菌肽crunstinA(LvcrustinA)在毕赤酵母菌中的表达情况,为研发出一种基于重组蛋白crustinA的新型水产药物打下基础.[方法]采用全基因合成法(PAS)合成LvcrustinA基因,然后将LvcrustinA基因克隆至真核表达载体pYE-GAPα,所得重组质粒转化感受态细菌TOP10,以质粒提取试验盒提取的重组质粒pYE-GAPα-LvcrustinA电转至毕赤酵母菌GS115;以SDS-PAGE电泳检测和Western blotting鉴定分析融合蛋白LvcrustinA的表达情况,并通过保护试验验证融合蛋白LvcrustinA对副溶血弧菌的抵抗作用.[结果]以构建的重组质粒pYE-GAPα-LvcrustinA电转毕赤酵母菌GS115,获得的重组菌株在30℃下摇床(220 r/min)培养24 h即可获得融合蛋白LvcrustinA,且随培养时间的延长,其表达量逐渐增多.Western blotting鉴定结果显示,纯化的融合蛋白LvcrustinA能被抗His抗体识别.保护试验结果表明,融合蛋白LvcrustinA对副溶血弧菌具有良好的抵抗力.[结论]利用表达质粒pYE-GAPα和酵母菌GS115可成功重组表达获得LvcrustinA,且获得的LvcrustinA具有促进凡纳滨对虾抵抗副溶血弧菌感染的作用.     

猪源绿脓杆菌的分离鉴定及16S rRNA基因同源性分析

从解剖病变为心包炎、纤维素性肺炎、肺脓肿的病死仔猪体内分离到1株细菌,通过形态特征观察、生化试验,将分离菌株初步鉴定为绿脓杆菌。动物致病性试验结果显示,分离菌株对小鼠具有很强的致病性。药敏试验结果显示,分离菌株对氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星高度敏感,对头孢噻肟、庆大霉素中度敏感,对青霉素、氟苯尼考、氨苄西林、阿莫西林、强力霉素、卡那霉素等耐药。将分离菌株的16S rRNA基因序列与Gen Bank中发表的绿脓杆菌序列进行Blast比对,结果表明,分离菌株与绿脓杆菌不同菌株的同源性高达99%以上,进一步确定分离菌株为绿脓杆菌。基于16S rRNA基因序列,使用MEGA 5.05软件,构建系统进化树,结果表明,分离菌株与病人痰液和腹泻婴儿分离菌株的同源性最高,与未加工水果分离菌株同源性最低。     

银杏内生真菌菌株R2的鉴定及其抑菌活性

以金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)3种微生物为指示菌,采用杯碟法对分离自药用植物银杏(Ginkgo biloba L.)的36株内生真菌进行抗菌活性检测。并通过形态学特征观察和ITS-rDNA序列系统发育分析对强抑菌活性菌株进行鉴定。结果发现,菌株L1、L4、L5、L7、T2、T3、R1和R2等8株内生真菌的发酵粗提物具有抑菌活性,其中以内生真菌R2的抑菌活性最高,抑菌圈直径分别为20 mm、20 mm和21 mm。结合形态学特征和ITS-rDNA序列分析确定菌株R2为尖孢枝孢菌(Cladosporium oxysporum)。     

Investigations on the Wound Healing Potential of Tilapia Piscidin (TP)2-5 and TP2-6

Wound healing is a highly orchestrated process involving many cell types, such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. This study aimed to evaluate the potential application of synthetic peptides derived from tilapia piscidin (TP)2, TP2-5 and TP2-6 in skin wound healing. The treatment of HaCaT keratinocytes with TP2-5 and TP2-6 did not cause cytotoxicity, but did enhance cell proliferation and migration, which could be attributed to the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. In CCD-966SK fibroblasts, although TP2-5 (31.25 μg/mL) and TP2-6 (125 μg/mL) showed cytotoxic effects, we observed the significant promotion of cell proliferation and migration at low concentrations. In addition, collagen I, collagen III, and keratinocyte growth factor were upregulated by the peptides. We further found that TP2-5 and TP2-6 showed pro-angiogenic properties, including the enhancement of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration and the promotion of neovascularization. In a murine model, wounds treated topically with TP2-5 and TP2-6 were reduced by day 2 post-injury and healed significantly faster than untreated wounds. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that both TP2-5 and TP2-6 have multifaceted effects when used as topical agents for accelerating wound healing.     

抗菌肽的作用机制、应用及改良策略

抗菌肽是一类具有抑菌活性的多肽物质,具有多种优点,包括安全无毒、抗菌谱广、稳定性好、杀菌浓度低、分子质量小、致敏性弱等,成为了生物领域的研究热点之一。本文介绍了抗菌肽的研究现状以及应用情况,分析了目前抗菌肽存在的问题及改良策略,并对应用前景进行了展望。     

皂荚提取物对植物病原菌的抑制作用

 豆科植物皂荚是一种传统药用植物,为我国特有种。本文在室内测定了皂荚叶和棘刺乙醇提取物对枯草芽孢杆菌、胡萝卜软腐欧文氏杆菌、番茄疮痂病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、番茄叶霉病菌、棉花枯萎病菌、瓜果腐霉的抑制作用。叶提取物未检测出抗菌活性。棘刺提取物对枯草芽孢杆菌和番茄疮痂病菌都表现出一定的抗菌活性,最低抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为2.5 mg/mL和10 mg/mL。棘刺乙醇提取物在浓度为1 mg/mL时,对4种植物病原真菌的生长都表现出抑制活性,其中对瓜果腐霉生长的抑制率为28.4%。将棘刺乙醇提取物分为石油醚等5个极性不同的萃取部分,其中乙酸乙酯部分对枯草芽孢杆菌、番茄疮痂病菌、欧文氏杆菌都具有明显的抑制作用,且活性强于其它的极性段,对枯草芽孢杆菌和番茄疮痂病菌的MIC分别为1.25 mg/mL和5 mg/mL。乙酸乙酯部分对瓜果腐霉和棉花枯萎病菌的生长也有较强的抑制作用,在1mg/mL时抑制率分别为45.8%和23.9%。研究结果表明,皂英抗菌活性成分主要存在于棘刺中的乙酸乙酯极性段和正丁醇极性段中。     

Evaluation of treatment and prophylaxis with nitrofurans and comparison with alternative antimicrobial agents in experimental Salmonella enterica Serovar enteritidis infection in chicks

The ability of the nitrofuran antimicrobial agents furazolidone and furaltadone to prevent, reduce or eliminate Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis PT4 infection in artificially challenged day-old chicks was evaluated. Treating the birds with the nitrofurans failed to eliminate established infections with either furazolidone-resistant (Fz^R) or furazolidone-sensitive (Fz^S) strains. Simultaneous administration of the nitrofurans to day-old chicks challenged with Fz^S failed to prevent infection but reduced colonization significantly (p<0.05) compared to unmedicated controls. No reduction of colonization occurred with Fz^R. Challenging birds with Fz^S and simultaneous dosing with nitrofurans for 1 week, followed by a second week of continued treatment, resulted in an increase in the level of colonization in the second week rather than a decrease. Dosing with the nitrofurans (200 ppm) for 1 week prior to challenge with Fz and continued medication for a further week prevented colonization of the caecum, liver and spleen. However, cessation of dosing at the time of challenge with salmonella resulted in colonization. Chloramphenicol and tetracycline at concentrations of 200 ppm were both independently capable of preventing colonization by salmonella. Sulphadiazine initially reduced colonization but failed to eliminate the infection. Only when furazolidone was combined with chloramphenicol or when sulphadiazine was combined with trimethoprim, and the combined drugs were administered concurrently with the challenge, was colonization prevented.     

乳中黄嘌呤氧化还原酶的研究进展

黄嘌呤氧化还原酶属于含钼脱氢酶黄素蛋白家族，是组成乳脂肪球膜的主要蛋白，通过硫酸胺分级沉淀和DEAE-Sepharose柱可从乳脂肪球膜中纯化。XOR作为乳脂肪球膜的膜结合蛋白，在脂肪滴的包裹和分泌中起到重要的结构作用，并且在肠道能够起到一定的抗菌作用。