取代苯氧乙酸类化合物的超声合成及抑菌活性研究

采用超声波法在碱性条件下用取代苯酚与氯乙酸合成取代苯氧乙酸,并测试其抑菌活性．共合成了3个取代苯氧乙酸衍生物,即对氯苯氧乙酸,邻氯苯氧乙酸,对溴苯氧乙酸,用IR,^1 H NMR,UV及元素分析确证了其结构．同时选取大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌等四种细菌对所合成的取代苯氧乙酸类化合物测试其最小抑菌浓度（MIC）．抑茵活性表明：对氯苯氧乙酸和对溴苯氧乙酸的抑菌谱较广,而邻氯苯氧乙酸的抑菌谱较窄．     

合浦珠母贝抗菌肽粗提液制备方法的优化

研究了不同处理方法制备合浦珠母贝外套膜和鳃组织抗菌肽粗提液的抗菌活性,结果表明：以1.0×106cfu·mL^-1无乳链球菌刺激合浦珠母贝14 h以内对其粗提液抗菌活性无显著影响;合浦珠母贝外套膜或鳃组织抗菌肽粗提液制备时,IKAT-18匀浆机的匀浆效果要优于组织匀浆器和研钵。100℃水浴处理组织粗提液10 m in可显著提高其对溶藻弧菌的抗菌活性;反复冻融则会显著降低外套膜组织粗提液的抗菌效果。     

Volatile constituents, inorganic elements and primary screening of bioactivity of black coral cigarette holders

Black corals (BC) have been used for a long time in Chinese medicine, and may have some pharmaceutical functions when used as material for cigarette holders in southeast China. This study is aimed to investigate the bioactivities of volatile constituents in BC and to explore the folklore behind the use of BC cigarette holders (BCCHs). We extracted the volatile constituents of BC by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with carbon dioxide (CO₂-SFE), then identified and analyzed the constituents by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In total, 15 components were reliably identified in BC and found to be biologically active. These included triethyl phosphate, butylated hydroxytoluene, cedrol, n-hexadecanoic acid, squalene, and cholesterol. Meanwhile 13 inorganic elements (P, Ca, Mg, S, B, Si, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ba, etc.) were determined by inductively coupled plasma spectrometer (ICPS). In the bioactivity tests, the BC extract (BCE) showed a scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radicals and hydroxyl radicals by phenanthroline-Fe (II) oxidation and moderate inhibition of Gram-positive microorganisms. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of BC, which are related to the active chemical composition, may explain the perceived benefit for cigarette smokers who use BCCHs.     

致病杆菌和发光杆菌抗菌代谢产物研究进展

致病杆菌Xenorhabdus和发光杆菌Photorhabdus是昆虫病原线虫肠道共生细菌,具有对宿主昆虫致病和对寄主线虫共生的双重特性,是一类特殊的生防细菌资源,其代谢产物具有广泛的杀虫和抑菌功能。本文综述了近年来昆虫病原线虫共生细菌产生的抗菌物质、编码抗菌代谢产物的基因及抗菌机制的研究进展。     

Acquired antimicrobial resistance in the intestinal microbiota of diverse cat populations

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of acquired antimicrobial resistance in the resident intestinal microbiota of cats and to identify significant differences between various cat populations. Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium and Streptococcus canis were isolated as faecal indicator bacteria from rectal swabs of 47 individually owned cats, 47 cattery cats and 18 hospitalised cats, and submitted through antimicrobial sensitivity tests. The results revealed that bacteria isolated from hospitalised and/or cattery cats were more frequently resistant than those from individually owned cats. E. coli isolates from hospitalised cats were particularly resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline and sulfonamide. Both enterococci and streptococci showed high resistance to tetracycline and in somewhat lesser extent to erythromycin and tylosin. Most E. faecium isolates were resistant to lincomycin and penicillin. One E. faecalis as well as one E. faecium isolate from hospitalised cats showed 'high-level resistance' (MIC > 500 microg/ml) against gentamicin, a commonly used antimicrobial agent in case of human enterococcal infections. The results of this research demonstrate that the extent of acquired antimicrobial resistance in the intestinal microbiota of cats depends on the social environment of the investigated population. It is obvious that the flora of healthy cats may act as a reservoir of resistance genes.     

鸡白痢沙门氏菌临床分离株的耐药性分析

旨在了解鸡白痢沙门氏菌临床分离株的耐药性情况。对疑似雏鸡白痢的33份病料进行病原菌的分离鉴定、形态学观察和生化试验,鉴定出26株鸡白痢沙门氏菌。采用Kindy-Bauer法检测分离菌株对14种抗菌药敏感性。试验结果表明,分离菌株对庆大霉素、阿米卡星、新霉素、多粘菌素B、复方新诺明和氯霉素较为敏感,耐药率分别为11.54%、0、7.69%、0、19.23%和15.38%;对阿莫西林、氨苄西林、链霉素、四环素、多西环素、恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星和环丙沙星耐药性较强,耐药率分别为53.85%、65.38%、57.69%、100%、69.23%、61.54%、76.92%和53.85%。且所有鸡白痢沙门氏菌分离株均为多重耐药性,其中以6耐和7耐的菌株为主,分别占42.31%和30.77%。鸡白痢沙门氏菌分离株对多数抗菌药物具有不同程度的耐药性,加强对临床分离株的耐药监测,对于指导临床合理用药及控制疾病流行具有重要的现实意义。     

天竺葵提取物对黄瓜病菌的抑制作用

采用天竺葵(Pelargonium hortorum)叶片提取物对黄瓜的镰刀菌(Fusarium oxyporum)、链格孢菌(Alternaria cucumerina)、蔓枯病菌(Ascochyta citrullina)进行抑菌实验.结果表明,天竺葵提取物对3种黄瓜病菌的菌丝生长均有一定的抑制作用,且抑制效果与提取物浓度呈正相关,提取物对蔓枯菌菌丝生长的抑制作用最强,对镰刀菌菌丝生长的抑制作用次之,对链格孢菌菌丝生长的抑制效果最弱.     

鱼腥草甲醇提取物体外抗氧化性及抑菌活性评价

采用α-脱氧核糖法、邻苯三酚自氧化法、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)法体外测定了鄂西北产鱼腥草甲醇提取物的抗氧化性,同时采用生长速率法和孢子萌发法评价了其对绿色木霉、啤酒酵母菌、黑曲霉、木质层孔菌及枯草芽孢杆菌等微生物的抑制作用。结果表明:鱼腥草甲醇提取物具有一定抗氧化性和抑菌活性,在试验浓度范围内,抗氧化活性及抑菌活性与其质量浓度呈量效关系。     

玫瑰露抑菌效果研究

研究了玫瑰露对4种细菌(沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和苏云金杆菌)、3种霉菌(木霉、青霉、黑曲霉)以及2种酵母菌(啤酒酵母、葡萄酒酵母)的抑菌活性和最低抑菌浓度(MIC),采用滤纸片法测定抑菌圈、液体培养法测定最低抑菌浓度。结果表明,玫瑰露对供试细菌,不论是G+菌还是G-菌,都有较强的抑菌活性,而对霉菌、酵母菌的抑菌活性不明显;对细菌的抑菌效果以沙门氏菌最强,MIC为0.98 mL/L。说明玫瑰露既可以加入到食品中作为香料,同时可配合其他天然香料使用,组成复配防腐剂。     

MUF-PVAc共混树脂基膨胀型水性木材阻燃涂料的研究

:以三聚氰胺改性脲醛树脂(MUF)与聚乙酸乙烯酯树脂(PVAc)共混物作为成膜树脂,以磷酸脒基脲(GUP)、聚磷酸铵(APP)、三聚氰胺(MEL)和季戊四醇(PER)的组合物为膨胀阻燃体系,制备适用于木材的膨胀型水性阻燃涂料。以锥形量热仪法、傅里叶变换红外光谱法和热重分析法为评价手段,对膨胀型水性木材阻燃涂料涂覆的胶合板A、仅涂覆成膜树脂的胶合板M和素胶合板S的阻燃性能进行了对比分析。结果表明:胶合板A的热释放速率、总热释放、烟释放速率均比胶合板M、胶合板S的显著降低,但其残余物质量最高,并显著延长了点燃时间。在传统的膨胀型阻燃体系中引入GUP后,与APP在不同温度区间起到催化成炭作用,有利于提高涂料的阻燃性能。胶合板A的涂层受热辐射后炭化彻底,表明GUP-APP-MEL-PER是MUF-PVAc共混树脂的有效膨胀型阻燃体系。