几种调控措施对宽皮柑桔3种酶活性和蛋白质含量的影响

以15年生华农本地早为材料,研究了5种调控措施对柑桔树的3种酶活性和蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明,叶片和芽的试验结果是一致的。6-BA和GA3程度不同地提高了α-淀粉酶活性;PDJ—B、PP333和环割程度不同地降低了α-淀粉酶的活性;6-BA和GA3大多数情况下显著地降低了APP活性,PP333和环割,总的来说提高了APP活性,PDJ—B规律性不强;6-BA和GA3都不同程度地抑制了POX活性、PDJ—B、PP333和环割都不同程度地促进了POX活性;PP333、环割和PDJ—B不同程度上有提高可溶性蛋白质含量的趋势,GA3大多数情况下降低了可溶性蛋白质含量,6-BA在前期（10月）提高了可溶性蛋白质含量．而后期则降低了含量;此外,可溶性蛋白质含量在10月中旬、11月中旬的两次低峰,可能与花芽分化消耗有关。     

撒坝猪血清淀粉酶与繁殖性能关系的研究

采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法（PAGE）对115头撒坝猪血清淀粉酶（Am）多态性进行了检测,并用二因素有互作的最小二乘模型对不同淀粉酶基因型与繁殖性能的关系进行了分析。结果表明,所检测到的血清淀粉酶AA、AB和BB3种基因型的频率分别为0．1739、0．4261和0．4000,2个等位基因A和B的频率分别为0．3870和0．6130,未发现C基因。该位点的遗传多样性指数为0．4744。在3种基因型中,不同基因型公、母猪间的繁殖性能差异未达到显著水平（P＞0．05）,但公、母猪不同基因型交配组合间的繁殖性能则在仔猪断奶体重上存在着显著差异（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）。说明血清淀粉酶多态性与某些繁殖性状之间存在着一定的相关。     

丹皮,泽泻混和物对黄粉虫幼虫生长发育和体内淀粉酶的影响

就中药材丹皮、泽泻及其混和物饲料对黄粉虫幼虫生长发育影响和体内淀粉酶活性进行了研究,结果发现;（１）丹皮处理组幼虫的日均增长量为负值,与其余各处理组的差异达到了显著性水平;（２）混和物处理组幼虫本内淀粉酶活性与庆皮处理组、泽泻处理组和面粉处理组比较,存在不同程度的差异,说明丹皮物质对黄粉虫幼虫生长发育秀明显抑制作用;丹皮、泽泻两种中药材均对黄粉虫幼虫体内的淀粉酶活性有影响,从一个侧面反映了中药材对     

绍兴蛋鸭血清淀粉酶同功酶与生产性能关系的研究

测定并比较１６０日龄绍兴产蛋鸭和非产蛋鸭血清淀粉酶的多态性表现型的差异。结果表明：１６０日龄绍鸭血清淀粉酶主要包括：Ａｍｙ－１,Ａｍｙ－２和Ａｍｙ－３三个区域,均表现明显的多态性。Ａｍｙ－１区为鸭血清淀粉酶的主信号区,产蛋绍鸭血清淀粉酶Ａｍｙ－１区以Ｂ型为主,Ａｍｙ－３区为无带型;未产蛋绍鸭Ａｍｙ－１区以Ａ型居多,Ａｍｙ－３区为２条带型的频率为３７％,二者之间差异显著。１６０日龄绍兴蛋鸭血清淀粉酶表现型和体重无显著相关。     

胰α-淀粉酶基因5'端调控序列与鱼类食性的关系

为了研究不同鱼类胰α-淀粉酶基因5'端调控序列转录因子差异与鱼类食性分化之间的关系。通过PCR克隆测序和查询NCBI数据库,获得32种鱼类胰α淀粉酶基因5'端824 bp序列,并对鱼类胰α淀粉酶基因5'端序列进行转录因子和系统发育分析。按不同的营养类型将鱼类分为杂食性、植食性和肉食性,通过百分比相似性分析不同食性鱼类的胰α淀粉酶基因转录因子的组成差异以及转录因子与鱼类食性的关系。结果显示:不同食性鱼类的胰α-淀粉酶基因5'端序列存在转录因子种类差异,植食性-肉食性鱼类差异主要体现在E47、C/EBPalpha、NF-Y和Pax-2,植食性-杂食性差异主要体现在deltaEF1、MyoD、NF-Y、AREB6和Pax-2,杂食性-肉食性差异主要体现在GATA-1、SRY、MyoD、HFH-8、AREB6、Pax-2、STAT5A和AP-1。系统发育结果与传统形态分类学大体相符,相同食性的鱼类并没有聚为一类。鱼类胰α-淀粉酶基因5'端调控序列中与食性分化相关的转录因子有E47、C/EBPalpha、NF-Y、Pax-2、deltaEF1、MyoD、AREB6、GATA-1、SRY、HFH-8、STAT5A和AP-1;胰α-淀粉酶基因5'端序列的转录因子与鱼类食性分化具有一定的关系。     

Assessment of prebiotic potentials in selected leaf meals of high dietary fibre on growth performance,body composition,nutrient utilization and amylase activities of a tropical commercial carp fingerlings

The performance of selected leaf meals of high dietary fibre in the feed of a tropical commercial carp, hybrid lemon fin barb (Barbonymus gonionotus ♀ × Hypsibarbus wetmorei ♂) was evaluated in a 56‐day feeding trial. The tropical carp juveniles (9.43 ± 0.05 g) were randomly stocked in 60‐L aquaria at 15 fish per aquarium. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets (30% crude protein, 17 kJ/g gross energy) containing no leaf meal and 10% napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), water spinach (Ipomea aquatica) and Gliricidia sepium leaf meals were formulated and tested. Three aquaria were randomly assigned to each experimental diet. The results showed that fish‐fed diets containing leaf meals showed superior growth performance and body composition which was better than those fed control diet. The leaf meal‐treated groups also had higher values of protein, lipid, energy retention and production of digestive enzymes amylase. Conclusively, the results indicated that leaf meal fibre provided better performance showing the inherent prebiotic effect of the utilization of these leaf meal in hybrid lemon fin barb .     

不同蛋白能量比饲料对草鱼幼鱼消化酶活性的影响

以鱼粉和豆粕为蛋白源,鱼油和豆油等比例混合油为脂肪源,共配制4个蛋白水平(20%、25%、30%、35%),每一蛋白水平设4个脂肪水平(4.5%、8%、11.5%、15%),共16组饲料。每组设3个重复,在水温23~29℃下,连续投喂初始体重为(16.84±0.28)g的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)10周,研究不同蛋白能量比饲料对草鱼幼鱼消化酶活性的影响。结果显示:肠道蛋白酶的活性随着饲料蛋白含量的升高而显著升高(P<0.05),饲料蛋白水平在20%~30%时,饲料中的脂肪水平对蛋白酶活性影响不显著(P>0.05),蛋白水平在35%时,高脂肪抑制了蛋白酶活性,肝胰脏的蛋白酶变化规律类似于肠道;肠道和肝胰脏淀粉酶活性在饲料蛋白含量相同的情况下,随着脂肪含量的升高呈现显著的下降趋势(P<0.05),但饲料中蛋白(30%,35%)和脂肪(8%,11.5%,15%)含量较高时,淀粉酶活性较稳定;肠道和肝胰脏的脂肪酶活性在饲料蛋白含量相同的情况下,随着脂肪含量的升高,呈显著上升的趋势(P<0.05),但在蛋白含量(30%,35%)和脂肪含量(8%、11.5%,15%)的6个试验组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);在脂肪含量分别为4.5%、8%和11.5%时,饲料的蛋白含量对肠道的脂肪酶活性无显著性影响(P>0.05),当脂肪含量为15%时,随着蛋白含量的升高,肠道的脂肪酶活性显著降低(P<0.05)。结果表明,草鱼饲料中蛋白含量为30%和脂肪为8%(即蛋白能量比21.7 mg/kJ)的试验组草鱼获得较高的消化酶活性。     

Ontogenic development of digestive enzymes in bigfin reef squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana)

Bigfin reef squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) is an economically important exported aquatic animal in Thailand, but little is known about its husbandry, which needs to be clarified. In this study, the ontogenic development of the main digestive enzymes (pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase and amylase) was investigated within 30 days after hatching (DAH). Fertilized eggs of the wild cuttlefish were hatched and then distributed into four replicate aquaria assigned to varying collection times (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 DAH). The development of pepsin suggests acidic digestion functionality at 5 DAH, and its specific activity was maintained over the studied period. Specific activities of the serine proteases, trypsin and chymotrypsin, fluctuated significantly with similar pattern, and appear to be the key enzymes contributing ontogenic changes in protein catabolism. The specific activity of lipase was relatively high at 0 DAH, dramatically increased by 5 DAH, and then appeared constant until the end of observations, suggesting important role in utilizing the lipid from yolk at hatching, as well as probably in sparing protein utilization. Dramatic increase in amylase specific activity occurred by 10 DAH after which the activity was constant until 30 DAH, suggesting the utilization of carbohydrate as energy evolves comparatively late. Findings from the current study could be used to manage nutritional protocols according to the digestive enzyme patterns, as well as to develop artificial diets for rearing S. lessoniana.     

鸡源高产淀粉酶丁酸梭菌的分离鉴定

为了获得产淀粉酶的丁酸梭菌,本研究从鸡小肠表面黏液中进行丁酸梭菌的分离与筛选,首先对样品进行80℃水浴10 min除去非芽孢菌后,然后接种到TSN培养基进行菌株的分离与筛选。对分离到的菌株进行菌落形态、显微形态初步观察,然后对疑似丁酸梭菌的菌株进行产酸能力和淀粉酶酶活检测,最后对既产酸又高产淀粉酶的菌株进行生理生化鉴定和16S rDNA序列分析。结果表明分离到一株革兰氏阳性厌氧菌C.B1,菌体呈短杆状,能形成圆形或椭圆形芽孢,生理生化结果也符合丁酸梭菌的基本特征,16S rDNA序列长度为1450 bp,与丁酸梭菌的同源性高达99%以上,因此确定该分离菌株为丁酸梭菌,为进一步开发新的微生态制剂奠定了基础。     

同日龄不同体重羔羊十二指肠形态功能的比较研究

为了解小肠消化吸收功能对羔羊生长发育的影响,本试验选择60只相同饲养条件、相同断奶日龄(3月龄断奶)的5月龄健康阿勒泰×特克赛尔杂交F1代羔羊为研究对象,从中选择体重大小具有显著性差异的8只羔羊分为大体重组(HBW组)4只,平均体重(37.20±2.80)kg;小体重组(LBW组)4只,平均体重(28.24±3.75)kg。测定两组羔羊十二指肠绒毛组织形态学指标、消化酶活性及其黏膜中钠依赖性葡萄糖转载蛋白1(SGLT1)和葡萄糖转载蛋白2(GLUT2)表达量的差异。结果显示,HBW组羔羊十二指肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度均显著低于LBW组(P< 0.05),而黏膜厚度、绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值差异均不显著(P> 0.05);HBW组羔羊淀粉酶活性显著高于LBW组羔羊(P< 0.05),麦芽糖酶、乳糖酶、蔗糖酶活性均极显著高于LBW组羔羊(P< 0.01),脂肪酶及蛋白酶活性在两组羔羊间均无显著差异(P> 0.05);HBW组羔羊SGLT1表达量显著高于LBW组(P< 0.05),GLUT2表达量极显著高于LBW组(P< 0.01)。综上所述,反刍动物体重增加与十二指肠消化吸收功能密切相关,这些消化酶及葡萄糖运载蛋白的分子生物学上调机制尚需进一步研究。