35CrMo旋转接头激光表面硬化技术的试验研究

用L9(34)正交试验法研究35CrMo旋转接头激光相变硬化工艺参数优化组合,分析了旋转接头激光相变硬化方法.试验结果表明:激光相变硬化层硬度比渗氮淬火提高了30%,耐磨性提高了1倍,表面残余应力为压应力;满足了旋转接头工作要求,为改进旋转接头表面处理方法提供了依据.     

柴油机三大精密偶件密封性对供油特性的影响

柴油机喷油泵的柱塞、出油阀和针阀这三大精密偶件的磨损程度直接影响到柴油机的供油规律和各种综合性能。为此,采用二次回归正交设计的方法,通过大量的试验数据,建立了精密偶件的磨损量与供油量之间的定量关系式,从而更直观、清楚地了解到三大精密偶件的密封性对供油量影响程度的主次关系。     

农业"三新技术"农机化配套项目的应用

为进一步提高粮食生产科技含量,稳定粮食生产能力,近几年来浙江省确定在全省667khm2商品粮基地中实施以农业新品种、新技术和新农机为主要内容的“三新技术”配套项目。上虞市于2002年度获得了该项目的建设计划,并按照省定要求,联系本地实际,及时制定了项目实施方案,落实地方配套资金,签订项目承包合同,加强项目的管理,确保了项目的建设质量,产生了良好的社会和经济效益。该项目的实施既促进了农业龙头企业的生产发展,又起到了较好的示范和带动作用,也为提高上虞市部分农产品的经济效益提供了较好的条件,有着广阔的市场发展前景。     

水分亏缺对覆膜玉米生长发育及产量的影响

通过系统的覆膜玉米亏水灌溉试验 ,研究了不同生育期内不同程度的水分亏缺对覆膜玉米生长发育、光合作用、产量及水分利用效率等的影响。结果表明 ,拔节期受旱对玉米株高及叶面积指数影响最大 ,抽雄后的水分亏缺对玉米生长发育影响不明显。各处理产量资料表明 ,覆膜春玉米的需水临界期为抽雄开花期 ,此期轻度的水分亏缺可造成产量大幅度下降 :灌浆期较抽雄开花期玉米产量对水分亏缺敏感程度低 ,但在这个阶段的水分亏缺也可使玉米减产 ;拔节期玉米产量对水分胁迫敏感程度较差 ,该阶段为对玉米进行水分亏缺处理的适宜时期     

秸秆揉切机用刀片磨损的研究

对9RZ-60型揉切机用刀片进行了磨损试验,探讨了刀片材料、作业对象、装机位置和刃口形式对刀片磨损的影响,对65Mn、T10和Crl2MoV三种材料的刀片磨损表面形貌进行了微观分析,指出加工羊草时,刀片材料为主要影响因素,加工玉米秸和豆秸时,刃口形式为主要影响因素。刀片加工秸秆的磨损形式是以抛光磨损为主,辅之以硬杂质造成的磨料磨损。     

Managing secondary dryland salinity: Options and challenges

Salt occurs naturally at high levels in the subsoils of most Australian agricultural land. As a result of clearing native vegetation, groundwater tables have risen, mobilising the stored salt and causing adverse impacts on farmland, infrastructure, water resources, and biodiversity. The main action required to prevent groundwater tables from rising is establishment of perennial plants, either herbaceous (pastures or crops) or woody (trees and shrubs). Recent technical and economic research has emphasised how difficult it will be to establish sufficient perennials to get control of groundwater tables. Where watertables are already shallow, the options for farmers are salt-tolerant plants (e.g. saltbush for grazing) or engineering (e.g. deep open drains). The existing options for farm-level salinity management are reviewed, with mixed but somewhat disappointing findings regarding their suitability for addressing salinity. However, there are also a number of good prospects for development of new and better options for plant-based management of salinity, and these are described.     

Use of saline–sodic waters through phytoremediation of calcareous saline–sodic soils

Use of poor-quality groundwater has become inevitable for irrigation to compensate rapidly increasing water demands in many arid and semiarid regions. Salinity and sodicity are the principal soil and water quality concerns in such areas. Many saline–sodic and sodic soils have saline or saline–sodic subsurface drainage waters. Amelioration of these soils needs a source of calcium (Ca²⁺) that can replace the excess exchangeable sodium (Na⁺). Most of these soils, however, contain calcite (CaCO₃) of extremely low solubility. The native calcite does not supply adequate levels of Ca²⁺ for soil amelioration as do other chemical amendments. Phytoremediation may help ameliorate such soils through cultivation of certain crops tolerant to ambient soil salinity and sodicity. This amelioration strategy works through plant root action to help dissolve CaCO₃ to supply adequate Ca²⁺ without the application of an amendment. During a 3-year field experiment conducted under irrigated conditions, we evaluated phytoremediation against soil application of gypsum and farm manure, and water treatment with sulphuric acid on a calcareous saline–sodic soil (pH_s=8.0–8.4, EC_e=24–32 dS m⁻¹, SAR=57–78, CaCO₃=45–50 g kg⁻¹ for the top 0.15 m depth; Calcic Haplosalids). A saline–sodic water (EC=2.9–3.4 dS m⁻¹, SAR=12.0–19.4, RSC=4.6–10.0 mmol_c l⁻¹, SAR_adj=15.6–18.4) was used to irrigate the rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops grown in rotation. Active desalinisation and desodication processes were observed in all the treatments. After the final wheat crop, the 1.2 m soil profile EC_e was 7±0.5 dS m⁻¹ and SAR was 15±2 with non-significant treatment differences, indicating comparable soil amelioration effect of phytoremediation with other treatments. Better crop yields were obtained from the manure-treated plots, owing to its annual addition to the soil that possibly improved soil fertility. Phytoremediation needed minimum capital input because no initial investment was made to purchase the amendments.     

适应排灌行业需要 建设岗位培训制度——由江苏理工大学流体机械工程技术中心连续15年举办培训班引发的思考

由排灌机械行业的现状 ,结合江苏理工大学流体机械工程技术中心 15年来举办培训班的实践 ,提出了培养一大批掌握现代科学技术的工程技术人员和高素质员工是促进排灌事业发展最直接、最有效的措施 ,而制定和完善岗位培训制度是这一措施规范化、制度化、科学化的保证。文章阐述了岗位培训的概念 ,对建立岗位培训制度的原则、框架和体系作了探讨。     

六方(四方)形摇臂式喷头喷洒效果分析(三)

介绍了利用MATLAB软件，采用解析算法编制程序对六方(四方)形摇臂式喷头单喷头喷洒实验数据进行的分析处理，以及对该型喷头不同形式喷灌组合的喷灌效果进行的分析，讨论了现在比较流行的MATLAB软件在喷头实验数据处理及分析方面的应用及其优点。     

灌区灌溉自动化监控系统的设计与研究

介绍了 1种灌区灌溉自动化监控系统的组成、功能和实现方法。系统利用田间传感器实时测量田间参数 ,通过网络传送给控制计算机 ,由控制计算机根据决策模型自动控泵房电机起停、渠首闸门启闭实现灌区内农田自动灌溉 ,系统具有实时控制、实时数据采集与保存 ,现场实时视频监视等功能。