地表火干扰下呼伦贝尔沙地樟子松林乔木层不同组分空间格局的变化

火是天然樟子松重要的生态因子,地表火对樟子松林乔木层空间格局的变化有着特殊的意义。全林木定位法调查记录了地表火干扰1年后1hm2典型样地中存活及火烧死乔木的位置坐标,利用成对相关函数g(r)进行空间点格局分析。结果表明:1)单变量空间格局分析显示,空间异质性泊松点过程零假设下,地表火干扰前所有立木、樟子松和白桦均在小尺度上呈显著性聚集分布;而地表火干扰后,樟子松林分及其乔木层不同组分的空间格局更加趋向于均匀分布,只有白桦在小尺度上仍表现为显著性聚集分布,所有立木和樟子松主要以随机分布为主。乔木层及其不同组分的随机标识零假设均不成立,火后存活的所有立木在小尺度上为均匀分布,而较大尺度上却呈现出聚集分布;火后存活的樟子松在小尺度上表现为聚集分布,而较大尺度上却呈现均匀分布;火后存活的白桦主要表现为小尺度上的聚集分布。2)双变量空间格局分析表明,所有立木、樟子松和白桦的存活立木与火烧死木之间均是相互独立的,其相互间的空间格局表现为随机分布。地表火烧死木(包括所有立木、樟子松和白桦)均在小尺度上表现为显著的正相关呈聚集分布,而较大尺度上不同程度地表现为显著的负相关为均匀分布。因此,地表火干扰下,林木的死亡过程并不是随机的,存活林木的空间格局趋于均匀分布,地表火驱动下的樟子松林自然稀疏过程削弱了存活个体间的竞争,促进了林分结构的优化和个体的生长发育,成为樟子松林演替中较活跃的生态因子。     

昆虫病原线虫共生菌5-5B培养特性及杀虫活性研究

对一株昆虫病原线虫共生菌5-5B菌株的发酵条件进行的研究结果表明,最适温度为28℃,最适起始pH7.3～7.8,最佳振荡频率160r/min,250ml三角瓶内装液40ml,接菌量为4%。5-5B菌株发酵液对小菜蛾初孵幼虫的杀虫活性研究表明,250ml三角瓶内装液40ml时,校正死亡率为62.78%;接菌量4%时,校正死亡率63.84%;起始pH7.3时,校正死亡率65.49%。     

基于Richards模型的全膜双垄沟播与传统栽培模式玉米生长势差异研究

应用Richards生长方程,以春玉米为材料,设了3种栽培处理,从动态数学模型的角度,研究大田条件下全膜双垄沟播模式与传统栽培模式玉米的生长势特征差异及对产量的影响。结果表明:3种处理株高、单株叶面积、单株可见叶数生长积累量均呈"慢—快—慢"的S型Richards模型曲线变化;全膜双垄沟播玉米各指标的生长累积Richards曲线和生长速率及速率变化率曲线形态与半膜和露地对照相比有明显差异,其生长起始势(R0)高,生长势指标进入指数和稳定生长阶段早于对照8~20 d;最大生长速率及出现的时间都明显高于和早于露地对照,全膜双垄沟播玉米的株高最大增长速率为6.755 cm·d~(-1),是对照的1.384倍;单株绿叶面积最大增长速率为330.6 cm2·d~(-1)·株~(-1),是对照的1.391倍;单株可见叶数最大增长速率为0.412片·d~(-1)·株~(-1),是对照的1.383倍;全膜双垄沟播玉米增长速率变化幅度大,呈现加速快但减速也快的特点;稳定增长阶段明显增长,为露地对照的1.493~1.618倍。全膜双垄沟播使作物在生长后期将更多的能量分配给了生殖生长,使玉米叶片后期早衰速度减慢,利于玉米抽雄授粉和灌浆,表现较高的穗粒数、粒叶比和百粒重,显著提高产量。     

Land surface temperature retrieval for arid regions based on Landsat-8 TIRS data:a case study in Shihezi,Northwest China

Scientific interest in geophysical information about land surface temperature （LST） is ever increasing, as such information provides a base for a large number of applications, including environmental and agricultural monitoring. Therefore, the research of LST retrieval has become a hot topic. Recent availability of Landsat-8 satel- lite imagery provides a new data source for LST retrieval. Hence, exploring an adaptive method with reliable ac- curacy seems to be essential. In this study, basing on features of Landsat-8 TIRS thermal infrared channels, we re-calculated parameters in the atmospheric transmittance empirical models of the existing split-window algorithm, and estimated the ground emissivity with the help of the land cover classification map of the study area. Further- more, a split-window algorithm was rebuilt by virtual of the estimation model of the updated atmospheric transmit- tance and the ground emissivity, and then a remote sensing retrieval for the LST of Shihezi city in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region of Northwest China was conducted on the basis of this modified algorithm. Finally, precision validation of the new model was implemented by using the MODIS LST products. The results showed that the LST retrieval from Landsat-8 TIRS data based on our algorithm has a higher credibility, and the retrieved LST is more consistent with the MODIS LST products. This indicated that the modified algorithm is suitable for retrieving LST with competitive accuracy. With higher resolutions, Landsat-8 TIRS data may provide more accurate observation for LST retrieval.     

烟台地区水面蒸发BP神经网络模型研究

运用BP神经网络模型对水面蒸发进行研究,并与多元线性回归和主成分回归2种方法的拟合结果进行比较。结果显示,多元线性回归各参数均通过t检验,拟合较好;主成分回归中,参数b2未通过t检验,拟合效果不如多元线性回归好。BP神经网络模型、多元线性回归、主成分回归建立的水面蒸发量观测值与拟合值的回归方程中决定系数分别为0.8986、0.7993、0.7984。应用BP神经网络进行分析,相对误差小于10%的样本个数超过总样本个数的40%,相对误差不超过30%的样本个数接近80%;而其它2种方法相对误差大于10%的样本个数超过总样本数的80%,相对误差大于50%的接近总样本个数的30%。可见,应用BP神经网络模型进行水面蒸发量计算,远优于其它2种方法,应用此方法进行水面蒸发量的预测是非常理想的。     

2005—2016年中国东海鲐鱼渔场的时空分布及与海表面温度的关联

根据2005—2016年7—9月中国远洋渔业数据中心提供的我国东海鲐鱼捕捞数据,结合关键因子海表面温度(sea surface temperature, SST),计算各年鲐鱼渔场经纬度重心,量化鲐鱼渔场重心的时空变化。进一步分析捕捞努力量在经度、纬度以及SST上的分布规律,并基于聚类法筛选出代表年份,评估异常气候事件对鲐鱼渔场内SST及渔场重心时空分布的影响。研究结果显示,鲐鱼渔场重心具有明显的年际和月间变化,7—9月渔场逐渐向东北方向移动,且主要分布渔场SST为25～28℃。聚类分析将各月份渔场重心分为4类,其中2007和2015年渔场分布具有显著差异。此外,鲐鱼渔场内SST与尼诺指数具有显著的正相关关系,且代表年份2007和2015年分别对应拉尼娜事件和厄尔尼诺事件,当拉尼娜事件发生时,渔场内SST上升,渔场重心逐渐北移;而厄尔尼诺事件发生时,渔场内SST下降,渔场重心主要分布在南部海域。研究表明,中国东海鲐鱼渔场时空分布受到厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜调控的海表面温度变化的显著影响。     

响应面法优化黑盖木层孔菌菌丝体液体发酵培养基研究

应用Plackett-Burman设计法对影响液体发酵黑盖木层孔菌菌丝体产量的培养基组分进行筛选,确定影响菌丝体产量的关键因素为玉米粉、麸皮和VB1。在此基础上,采用最陡爬坡试验结合Box-Behnken响应面法优化黑盖木层孔菌液体发酵培养基。结果表明:当培养基组分中玉米粉为65 g/L、麸皮为49.31 g/L、VB1为214.61μg/L时,菌丝体产量预测值为10.75 g/L,最佳条件下菌丝体产量可达11.16 g/L,预测值与验证值吻合得较好。     

两株木霉共培养发酵提高对小麦苗期茎基腐病的防治效果

 通过平板对峙培养法、孢子萌发法和温室盆栽法筛选高效防治小麦苗期茎基腐病的木霉共培养菌株。从17株供试菌株中,筛选出3株平板抑制率较高的木霉菌株:深绿木霉HB20111、哈茨木霉LTR-2和TW21990,并进行两两组合共培养发酵。孢子萌发试验表明,HB20111+TW21990共培养发酵滤液对假禾谷镰孢孢子萌发抑制率最高,达71.83%,较单菌株HB20111和TW21990分别提高了6.13%和19.53%(P＜0.05)。温室条件下,HB20111+TW21990共培养发酵液500×稀释浸种效果最好,对小麦苗期茎基腐病防治效果和幼苗质量增长率分别达78.81%和130.80%,较单菌株HB20111和TW21990的分别提高了17.88%、30.46%和50.05%、61.22%(P＜0.05);荧光定量检测结果表明,与单菌株相比,HB20111+TW21990共培养发酵显著降低假禾谷镰孢在小麦幼苗根围土、根际土、根系和茎基部中的拷贝数(P＜0.05),且假禾谷镰孢拷贝数与病情指数呈正相关,与幼苗鲜质量呈负相关。本研究发现HB20111+TW21990共培养发酵具有增效作用,对小麦苗期茎基腐病的防治效果显著高于单菌株。     

硒对松口蘑深层发酵的作用研究

以松口蘑为材料,在发酵培养基中添加不同浓度的硒,测定分析了松口蘑菌丝体的生物量、多糖含量、硒的积累量。结果表明:0～40μg/mL的硒浓度对松口蘑菌丝体的生物量和多糖含量的增加都有促进作用,且随着浓度的增高促进作用加强,40μg/mL以上的硒浓度有抑制作用,随着浓度的增高抑制作用增强;硒浓度在0～50μg/mL时,硒在菌丝体中的积累量随着硒浓度的增加而增加,当硒浓度超过50μg/mL时,硒在菌丝体中的积累量开始下降。     

Identification,Characteristics and Function of Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) in the Agar Biosynthesis and Carbon Flux in the Agarophyte Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta)

Agar is widely applied across the food, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, owing to its various bioactive functions. To better understand the agar biosynthesis in commercial seaweed Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis, the activities of four enzymes participating in the agar biosynthesis were detected, and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) was confirmed as highly correlated with agar accumulation. Three genes of PGM (GlPGM1, GlPGM2 and GlPGM3) were identified from the G. lemaneiformis genome. The subcellular localization analysis validated that GlPGM1 was located in the chloroplast and GlPGM3 was not significantly distributed in the organelles. Both the GlPGM1 and GlPGM3 protein levels showed a remarkable consistency with the agar variations, and GlPGM3 may participate in the carbon flux between (iso)floridoside, floridean starch and agar synthesis. After treatment with the PGM inhibitor, the agar and floridean starch contents and the activities of floridean starch synthase were significantly decreased; products identified in the Calvin cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were depressed; however, lipids, phenolic acids and the intermediate metabolites, fructose-1,6-phosphate were upregulated. These findings reveal the essential role of PGM in regulating the carbon flux between agar and other carbohydrates in G. lemaneiformis, providing a guide for the artificial regulation of agar accumulation.