ADSL基因启动子区遗传变异与鸡肉冻藏新鲜度的相关性分析

试验旨在探究鸡腺苷琥珀酸裂解酶（adenylosuccinate lyase,ADSL）基因启动子区多态性及其与鸡肉冻藏新鲜度的相关性。以161只青脚麻鸡为研究对象,通过DNA混池测序法检测ADSL基因启动子区遗传变异。采用等位基因特异性PCR完成个体基因型分析,并分析了各基因型与鸡胸肌肉色、体重及胸肌冷冻60 d后新鲜度K值和pH的相关性。结果显示,在ADSL基因启动子区ATG上游1 670 bp处发现1个SNP位点（c.-1670 C>A）,其AA基因型个体肌肉冷冻60 d后新鲜度K值（23.61%）极显著低于CA（33.00%）和CC（33.56%）基因型（P<0.01）,即冻藏60 d后AA基因型个体肌肉较CA和CC基因型新鲜,CA和CC基因型间新鲜度K值差异不显著（P>0.05）;各基因型间鸡体重、胸肌肉色及胸肌冷冻60 d后pH均无显著差异（P>0.05）。生物信息学预测发现,c.-1670 C>A导致ADSL基因启动子区转录因子结合位点的显著改变,该突变位点可能造成ADSL基因的表达差异。综上,ADSL基因启动子区c.-1670 C>A与青脚麻鸡胸肌冷冻60 d后新鲜度K值具有显著相关性,该位点可作为青脚麻鸡肉品新鲜度的候选分子遗传标记。     

绵羊PRLR基因内含子9和外显子10多态性与产羔数的关系研究

本研究采用PCR-SSCP技术对绵羊催乳素受体(PRLR)基因内含子9和外显子10部分核苷酸多态性及其与小尾寒羊、中国美利奴(新疆型)绵羊多胎品系、肉用品系、体大品系、萨福克、无角陶赛特、中国美利奴(新疆型)和德国肉用美利奴产羔数间的关系进行了分析。结果发现:①在绵羊PRLR基因内含子9的第259 bp处,存在C→T转换,BB基因型的小尾寒羊平均产羔数分别较AA和AB基因型提高0.81和0.87只(P0.05);②在绵羊PRLR基因外显子10的第304 bp处存在一个G→A转换,该突变导致PRLR基因第387位氨基酸残基由Glu突变为Lys,并使中国美利奴(新疆型)多胎品系中AB基因型的平均产羔数较AA和BB基因型增加0.58和0.80只(P0.05);③在绵羊PRLR基因外显子10第571、585和606bp处分别存在G→A、C→G和C→T突变;其中前2处突变分别导致PRLR基因的第476位氨基酸由Ala突变为Thr,第480位氨基酸由Ser突变为Arg。其中第571 bp处突变导致小尾寒羊AB基因型的平均窝产羔数显著高于AA基因型的窝产羔数,增加0.8只(P0.05)。以上结果提示,PRLR基因可能是控制小尾寒羊和中国美利奴(新疆型)绵羊多胎品系产羔数的主效基因或与之存在紧密的遗传连锁。     

基于芯片数据和整合分析研究奶牛乳房炎的关键通路

奶牛乳房炎是奶牛的常见病和多发病之一,给奶牛业带来巨大的经济损失,严重制约着奶牛业的发展。为了进一步了解乳房炎的调控机理,对已发表的5套大肠杆菌感染奶牛乳腺上皮细胞的表达谱芯片数据统一进行预处理,并整合大肠杆菌感染1、6、24 h的基因富集分析,以期得到更可靠的影响奶牛乳房炎的关键基因和通路。结果发现,感染1、6和24 h数据集的分析结果中共同下调通路分别为9、30和17个,分析结果确定了一些奶牛乳房炎相关的通路及基因,为进一步揭示其调控机理提供参考。     

Expression of the high mobility group A1 (HMGA1) and A2 (HMGA2) genes in canine lymphoma: analysis of 23 cases and comparison to control cases

Overexpression of high mobility group A (HMGA) genes was described as a prognostic marker in different human malignancies, but its role in canine haematopoietic malignancies was unknown so far. The objective of this study was to analyse HMGA1 and HMGA2 gene expression in lymph nodes of canine lymphoma patients. The expression of HMGA1 and HMGA2 was analysed in lymph node samples of 23 dogs with lymphoma and three control dogs using relative quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR. Relative quantity of HMGA1 was significantly higher in dogs with lymphoma compared with reference samples. HMGA2 expression did not differ between lymphoma and control dogs. With the exception of immunophenotype, comparison of disease parameters did not display any differences in HMGA1 and HMGA2 expression. The present findings indicate a role of HMGA genes in canine lymphoma. This study represents the basis for future veterinary and comparative studies dealing with their diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic values.     

低能N+注入紫花苜蓿生物学效应初步研究

对N 注入紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa所引起生物学效应从生理生化层面进行了较系统的研究,结果显示:在低剂量范围内(0~2.08×1016N /cm2),N 注入对紫花苜蓿种子存在当代刺激效应,所研究的几种生理生化指标相对CK都有所提高。剂量为6.24×1016~8.32×1016N /cm2的N 注入对紫花苜蓿种子存在反常辐照损伤效应。即随着N 注入剂量增加,各生理生化指标先降,后升,再降。N 注入使紫花苜蓿过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱发生变异。处理组与对照组扩增出的相同谱带亦存在谱带荧光强度有差异的现象。另外,对N 注入束介导大豆基因组DNA转入紫花苜蓿做了初步研究,结果M2总性状突变率达到19.8%,并得到3株叶片粗蛋白含量较高的突变株(粗蛋白含量比对照高约0.5%)、1株高叶绿素含量的突变株(叶绿素含量比对照高33.3%)。     

Selection on multiple QTL with control of gene diversity and inbreeding for long-term benefit

The purpose of this study was to develop and investigate selection strategies that aim at maximizing long-term genetic response while conserving gene diversity and controlling inbreeding in populations of limited effective size, assuming complete knowledge of all genes affecting a quantitative trait. Three selection strategies were proposed to select on 100 quantitative trait loci (QTL) and compared with truncation selection on breeding value. Alternative selection strategies aimed at maximizing the average breeding value of parents with a penalty on (1) the number of unfavourable QTL genotypes among parents (OS-I), (2) the negative of the logarithm of the frequency of the favourable allele at each QTL among parents (OS-II), and (3) the average pedigree relationship among parents (OS-III). When all QTL and their effects were known, the strategies examined were able to obtain extra long-term responses, conserve QTL diversity and reduce inbreeding, compared with truncation selection. Strategy OS-II was the most effective in conserving QTL diversity and OS-III in reducing inbreeding. By changing the magnitude of the penalties applied, the impact on long-term response, inbreeding and diversity can be controlled. Extra long-term responses over truncation selection of OS-I and OS-II were even greater when effects of QTL were estimated rather than assumed known, indicating the applicability of results to practical strategies for marker-assisted selection. Extra responses are expected to be reduced for larger population sizes.     

两栖类早期发育的基因调控

在两栖类受精卵的植物极附近的皮 层下区有一种特殊的细胞质,称为生殖质,卵 裂后凡是含有这种生殖质的卵裂球就是原生 殖细胞,后者在不同动力的作用下以一定方 式进行迁移,最终形成生殖细胞。基因与个 体发育有复杂的关系,据近40年的生物化学 和遗传学的研究证实,基因不直接控制性状 发育,而是控制生化过程,从而影响到个体发 育和分化。文章从基因表达时的不同作用水 平对两栖类早期发育的基因调控进行了综 述,并且阐述了参与发育的基因家族的作用 方式与功能。     

应用逆转录套式PCR检测新城疫病毒核酸

选择DNV融合蛋白保守的编码区域,设计并合成了一对外引物和一对内引物,建立并优化了检测新城疫病毒核酸的逆转录套式PCRI地,通过检测NDV感染的实验客观存在病料和临床病料,结果表明,逆转录套式PCR法最低能鉴别出约0.3pg的NDV RNA,攻毒后第8天还能从非免疫鸡和SPF鸡泄殖腔拭子中检出DNV,第8天非免疫鸡泄殖腔拭子中NDV的最大检出率为5/10,第8天SPF鸡泄殖腔拭子中NDV的最大检出率为6/10,对非免疫鸡和SPF鸡的泄殖腔中NDV最佳检出时间均在攻毒后第5天。逆转录套式PCRY应运地临床样品中DNV的最大检出率为6/7,经核酸杂交验证,该法具有很高的特异性和敏感性,也比较简便快速,为从分子水平探讨NDV的发病机理、临床早期快速诊断提供了新的研究手段。     

First report of Wolbachia from field populations of Culex mosquitoes in south-western Nigeria

Recent reports on finding Wolbachia-strain infections in field mosquito species in some West African countries and the potential for developing these as disease vector biocontrol tools have prompted a search for Wolbachia in mosquitoes within the study area. Using a completely randomised design, mosquito traps were set at different locations in a rural and an urbanised community. One hundred and eighty (180) mosquitoes were trapped and pooled on the basis of genus, sex and site of collection, because there have been no earlier reports of Wolbachia isolated from Nigeria. Twenty pools, made up of not more than ten mosquitoes per pool, were homogenised and analysed for Wolbachia-specific DNA. Mosquitoes were trapped within Ede (urbanised community) and Akoda (rural community). Genomic DNA was extracted from trapped mosquito samples and used as a template in a PCR reaction. The Wolbachia sp. specific 16S rRNA gene was amplified, sequence analysis of PCR products was performed and a chromatogram of the sequence was subjected to Basic Local Alignment Search Tool analysis to identify the Wolbachia sp. This sequence was subsequently submitted to GenBank with accession number MK127541. The first evidence of the presence of the endosymbiont, Wolbachia in field-caught mosquitoes is hereby documented. The homology of this strain of Wolbachia bears similarities to those reported recently from other parts of West Africa and forms a single clade with a Wolbachia sp. from Mali, with a strong bootstrap support of 99%. This finding of a Wolbachia strain in mosquitoes at Ede could form the basis for more searches for diverse strains of Wolbachia in Nigeria.