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231.
滴灌加工番茄叶面积、干物质生产与积累模拟模型 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以生理发育时间为时间尺度,建立了基于生理发育时间(PDT)的加工番茄叶面积指数(LAI)、比叶面积(SLA)模拟模型,并将叶面积指数模型与基于生理生态过程的光合作用和干物质生产模型相结合,构建了滴灌加工番茄干物质生产与积累的模拟模型。结果表明:PDT法对加工番茄叶面积指数(LAI)与1∶1直线间的决定系数R2、根均方差(RMSE)和模型效率指数(ME)分别为0.926 5、12.87%、0.972 4;SLA法模拟叶面积指数的预测结果与1∶1直线间的R2、RMSE和ME分别为0.675 8、42.24%、0.712 4。本模型对加工番茄地上部干物质量的预测结果与1∶1直线间的R2、RMSE和ME分别为0.990 3、11.91%、0.990 1;而SLA法对加工番茄地上部干物质量的预测结果与1∶1直线间的R2、RMSE和ME分别为0.895 6、31.29%、0.750 4。与SLA法相比,PDT法在改善加工番茄叶面积指数预测精度的同时亦提高了干物质量的预测精度。 相似文献
232.
为了满足小型啤酒坊、酒店及家庭对自酿鲜啤酒的生产需要,研制了一种与小型啤酒生产线配套使用的麦芽辊式破碎机。通过solidworks建模运动仿真和生产试验证明,该机生产效率高,破碎效果好,结构紧凑,运转平稳,安全性好且整机振动小,噪音低。满足了市场需求,提高了经济和社会效益。 相似文献
233.
为掌握凤城市耕地土壤的肥力状况,对比分析近25 a的土壤有机质含量变化情况。结果表明:近25 a凤城市各乡镇(区)土壤有机质平均含量由较缺乏转化为中等水平;随着耕作年限的增加,较小比例的五级(缺乏)水平耕地消失。 相似文献
234.
235.
基于不同灌溉类型区土壤剖面理化性质的取样分析,对喷灌区、纯井灌区、河灌区及非灌溉区2m深度土壤剖面的理化性质进行了比较分析,揭示了长期喷灌条件下的土壤剖面理化性质的变化特征。结果表明,喷灌区与其他灌溉类型区相比,全剖面,尤其是心土层和底土层的含水率有较大幅度降低;犁底层及其以下一定深度范围内土层的干密度有较大幅度的增加... 相似文献
236.
237.
调亏灌溉下滴灌玉米根冠生长与水分动态响应特征 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以玉米为试验材料,在自动感应式遮雨棚下,采用测坑微区试验方法,研究黑龙江西部滴灌条件下调亏灌溉对作物根冠生长、干物质分配特征、根冠比、耗水特征及植株伤流量的影响。以土壤相对含水率(占田间持水率的百分数)为控制上下限,设置5个水分调亏处理,分别为苗期轻度(60%~70%FC)处理,苗期中度(50%~60%FC)处理,拔节期轻度(60%~70%FC)处理,拔节期中度(50%~60%FC)处理,苗期中度、拔节期轻度处理,另设全生育期保持适宜土壤水分(70%~80%FC)作为对照。试验结果表明,调亏灌溉不改变玉米根部和冠部生长的原有总趋势,也不改变冠部各器官生长的基本趋势,但是显著地增大了作物根冠比(R/S),复水后根、冠补偿生长效应明显,促进光合同化产物向生殖器官的运转与分配,增大了生育后期干物质向果穗的分配率。苗期中度处理和拔节期轻度处理的玉米,在调亏期间使根系维持较高的根质量,水分胁迫复水后根系活力明显提高,其伤流量表现出超补偿效应,在灌浆期仍保持较高的伤流量并且在生育后期仍保持有较高的根冠比(R/S),是协调玉米根冠生长关系的适宜水分调亏处理。 相似文献
238.
Deficit irrigation based on drought tolerance and root signalling in potatoes and tomatoes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Christian R. Jensen Adriano Battilani Georgios Psarras Franciszek Janowiak Zorica Jovanovic Xuebin Qi Sven-Erik Jacobsen 《Agricultural Water Management》2010,98(3):403-384
Agriculture is a big consumer of fresh water in competition with other sectors of the society. Within the EU-project SAFIR new water-saving irrigation strategies were developed based on pot, semi-field and field experiments with potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), fresh tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and processing tomatoes as model plants. From the pot and semi-field experiments an ABA production model was developed for potatoes to optimize the ABA signalling; this was obtained by modelling the optimal level of soil drying for ABA production before re-irrigation in a crop growth model. The field irrigation guidelines were developed under temperate (Denmark), Mediterranean (Greece, Italy) and continental (Serbia, China) climatic conditions during summer. The field investigations on processing tomatoes were undertaken only in the Po valley (North Italy) on fine, textured soil. The investigations from several studies showed that gradual soil drying imposed by deficit irrigation (DI) or partial root zone drying irrigation (PRD) induced hydraulic and chemical signals from the root system resulting in partial stomatal closure, an increase in photosynthetic water use efficiency, and a slight reduction in top vegetative growth. Further PRD increased N-mineralization significantly beyond that from DI, causing a stay-green effect late in the growing season. In field potato and tomato experiments the water-saving irrigation strategies DI and PRD were able to save about 20-30% of the water used in fully irrigated plants. PRD increased marketable yield in potatoes significantly by 15% due to improved tuber size distribution. PRD increased antioxidant content significantly by approximately 10% in both potatoes and fresh tomatoes. Under a high temperature regime, full irrigation (FI) should be undertaken, as was clear from field observations in tomatoes. For tomatoes full irrigation should be undertaken for cooling effects when the night/day average temperature >26.5 °C or when air temperature >40 °C to avoid flower-dropping. The temperature threshold for potatoes is not clear. From three-year field drip irrigation experiments we found that under the establishment phase, both potatoes and tomatoes should be fully irrigated; however, during the later phases deficit irrigation might be applied as outlined below without causing significant yield reduction:
- •
- Potatoes
- °
- After the end of tuber initiation, DI or PRD is applied at 70% of FI. During the last 14 days of the growth period, DI or PRD is applied at 50% of FI.
- •
- Fresh tomatoes
- °
- From the moment the 1st truce is developed, DI is applied at 85-80% of FI for two weeks. In the middle period, DI or PRD is applied at 70% of FI. During the last 14 days of the growth period, DI or PRD is applied at 50% of FI.
- •
- Processing tomatoes
- °
- From transplanting to fruit setting at 4th-5th cluster, the PRD and DI threshold for re-irrigation is when the plant-available soil water content (ASWC) equals 0.7 (soil water potential, Ψsoil = −90 kPa). During the late fruit development/ripening stage, 10% of red fruits, the threshold for re-irrigation for DI is when ASWC = 0.5 (Ψsoil = −185 kPa) and for PRD when ASWC (dry side) = 0.4 (Ψsoil, dry side = −270 kPa).
239.
Irene Ryzhova 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1998,27(3):263-266
The nonlinear model of the carbon cycle in soils (NAMSOM) was used to analyze the sensitivity of soil organic matter levels
to variations in carbon turnover parameters. We were able to predict the sensitivity of soil organic matter levels to variations
of climate-dependent carbon turnover parameters, which allowed us to compare the sensitivity of soil organic matter levels
to net primary productivity of plant communities and plant debris decomposition rate constants across the range of soils in
the European part of Russia. The results indicate that meadow steppes show the lowest sensitivity to variations of these parameters.
In passing from meadow steppes to the northern taiga and to semideserts, the sensitivity increases. In general, soil organic
matter levels of boreal forest ecosystems are about 2–3 times more sensitive to input and decomposition of plant debris than
to decomposition of humus. In subboreal grassland ecosystems the sensitivity to humus decomposition increases and becomes
closer to the degree of sensitivity shown by soil organic matter levels to variations of productivity and decomposition of
plant debris. The proposed method may be useful for predicting the response of ecosystems to climatic change.
Received: 1 December 1997 相似文献
240.
Influence of inorganic fertilizers and organic amendments on soil organic matter and soil microbial properties under tropical conditions 总被引:33,自引:0,他引:33
Soil organic matter level, mineralizable C and N, microbial biomass C and dehydrogenase, urease and alkaline phosphatase
activities were studied in soils from a field experiment under a pearl millet-wheat cropping sequence receiving inorganic
fertilizers and a combination of inorganic fertilizers and organic amendments for the last 11 years. The amounts of soil organic
matter and mineralizable C and N increased with the application of inorganic fertilizers. However, there were greater increases
of these parameters when farmyard manure, wheat straw or Sesbania bispinosa green manure was applied along with inorganic fertilizers. Microbial biomass C increased from 147 mg kg–1 soil in unfertilized soil to 423 mg kg–1 soil in soil amended with wheat straw and inorganic fertilizers. The urease and alkaline phosphatase activities of soils
increased significantly with a combination of inorganic fertilizers and organic amendments. The results indicate that soil
organic matter level and soil microbial activities, vital for the nutrient turnover and long-term productivity of the soil,
are enhanced by use of organic amendments along with inorganic fertilizers.
Received: 6 May 1998 相似文献