不同果袋对‘蜜丝枣’果实品质及抗氧化酶活性的影响

以毛叶枣品种‘蜜丝枣’为试材,分析无色透明薄膜袋、白色无纺布袋、白色单层纸袋、外黄内黑双层纸袋4种果袋对‘蜜丝枣’果实品质及抗氧化酶POD、CAT活性的影响。结果表明:套袋能明显改善‘蜜丝枣’果实的外观色泽,提高果实抗氧化酶POD、CAT活性;套袋在一定程度上影响了‘蜜丝枣’果实的内在品质,降低了果实风味。套袋后,在4种果袋中,只有无色透明薄膜袋可以显著提高果实的单果重(比对照提高22.1%),而套其他3种果袋却会不同程度抑制果实生长,导致单果重不同程度下降;套无色透明薄膜袋对果实的内在品质影响程度最小,仅降低了可溶性固形物和可滴定酸,而对可溶性总糖无显著影响,对维生素C含量略有提高。综合套袋对果实品质和商品性的影响,推荐‘蜜丝枣’果实套袋材料为无色透明薄膜袋。     

Yield and quality components of silage maize in killed and live cover crop sods

In sloping areas with high precipitation, planting maize into live winter cover crop sods may help to alleviate the environmental problems associated with clean-tillage production systems of maize. The present study evaluates the performance of silage maize (Zea mays L.) under several cultivation methods: CC (conventional cropping system, i.e., maize was sown into the bare, autumn-ploughed soil); LGS/CK (maize was planted into a living Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) sod which was subsequently herbicidally killed); and LGS/MR (similar to LGS/CK, but the ryegrass was mechanically regulated). The research was conducted in the midlands of Switzerland on a fertile sandy loam under humid conditions during three cropping seasons. With 110 kg N ha⁻¹ (fertilizer nitrogen plus mineral nitrogen of the soil at maize planting), the CC system was much more productive than were the LGS/CK and LGS/MR systems in terms of dry matter and nitrogen yields of maize. Increasing the nitrogen supply to 250 kg N ha⁻¹ considerably reduced the yield advantage of CC over the LGS/CK and LGS/MR systems, indicating that nitrogen was the most limiting factor for maize yield in the mulch seeding systems. With 250 kg N ha⁻¹, the LGS/CK and LGS/MR systems produced greater total yields of digestible organic matter (maize plus ryegrass) than did the CC system, whereas the total nitrogen yield was similar for all cropping systems. The whole-shoot concentrations of nitrogen were highest under CC, irrespective of the level of nitrogen supply. With 110 kg N ha⁻¹, concentrations of phosphorus and magnesium were clearly higher for the mulch seeding systems. There were only minor differences among the cropping methods in the concentrations of potassium and calcium in the whole shoot. When 250 kg N ha⁻¹ were applied, there were no significant variations among the cropping systems in the concentrations of minerals. Changes in the botanical composition of the cover crop sod and in the time and method of cover crop control may help to reduce the competition for nitrogen between maize and the living mulch.     

A forage grass and small grain legume plant collecting expedition in South East Poland, 1990

Summary The Plant Genetic Resources Unit (PGRU) of the Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Welsh Plant Breeding Station (IGER, WPBS), UK, and the Plant Genetic Resources Section of the Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute (PBAI), Poland, carried out a joint collecting expedition in Poland between 25 August and 7 September 1990. The expedition was unique in that it was the first time that vegetative sampling had been applied to the perennial forage grass and legume populations of south east Poland. The expedition focused on seminatural vegetation in agriculturally managed situations and detailed collection site data on management systems was obtained from landowners.Samples were collected from 62 sites. Vegetative collections of Lolium spp. (37 populations) and Trifolium spp. (56 populations), and seed collections of Festuca spp. (32 populations) were made by the IGER team (Table 2). The PBAI team made 59 separate seed collections, mainly of Leguminosae.The expedition covered four geographical subregions of south east Poland. (See Fig. 1). These were the Nizina Mazowiecka south of Warszawa, the Wyzyna Malopolska with the town of Kielce at its centre and the Beskidy Zachodnie and Beskidy Wschodnie regions of the Carpathian mountains.A diverse range of habitats was sampled covering a broad range of altitude agricultural management systems and ecological conditions. Polish agriculture is faced with the problems of a rapid orientation to a market economy and it is likely that the diverse range of habitats encoutered will be reduced as agricultural practices change. This will lead to genetic erosion of the unique forage grass and legume populations to be found in Poland.Abbreviations ECP/GR European Co-operative Programme on Crop Genetic Resources - IGER Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research - PBAI Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - PGRU Plant Genetic Resources Unit - WPBS Welsh Plant Breeding Station     

枣树稳产栽培技术研究

研究了施肥、花期避雨、树枝环剥、叶面喷施微量元素、摘心控梢等措施对枣树生产的影响,结果表明:秋季施基肥时增施复合肥,有利于树体营养元素的积累,能明显促进枣树第二年的结果;花期避雨栽培产量明显高于露天栽培;对枣树结果枝进行1/6～ 1/5或者1 cm左右环剥,能显著提高平均单果重、结实数及单位面积产量;在枣树初花期和生理...     

甘薯早代品系部分数量性状的遗传相关分析

选用12个甘薯杂交组合的136个品系的无性1代和2代的7个农艺性状与鲜重进行相关分析和通径分析,并估算其遗传率。结果表明,大中薯重在两代的选择中都是重点考虑的因素。鲜薯重、大中薯重、地上部重等经济性状的遗传率不高,在早代品系选择时要综合其他性状。     

3个台湾青枣品种与野生毛叶枣光合作用及叶绿素荧光特性的比较

对高低两种光强(200、800 μmol/m2·s)下3个台湾青枣品种(蜜丝、五千和大脆蜜)与野生毛叶枣的光合作用和叶绿素荧光特性的比较研究结果表明,两种光强下大脆蜜的光合速率和水分利用效率都显著高于蜜丝和五千,甚至达到了野生毛叶枣的水平;五千耐荫能力最强,大脆蜜最差.建议根据几个台湾青枣品种的不同光合、蒸腾、水分利用和叶绿素荧光特性,并结合果园的光照和水分条件选择适宜的品种.     

不同生育期甘薯块根淀粉糊化特性的差异

 采用差示扫描量热分析仪（DSC）和淀粉粘度速测仪（RVA）分析了3个甘薯品种（系）在块根发育过程中淀粉糊化特性的变化。结果表明，随甘薯生育期的延长，3个品种的淀粉率都呈下降趋势，但直链淀粉率的变化则因品种而异。早期收获，徐薯18和浙大9201的直链淀粉率表现较高，而浙3449则较低。随生育期延长，DSC糊化峰向低温方向移动，且峰宽增大、峰逐渐消失，其糊化温度和热焓变化也随之递减，而RVA的最高粘度则呈现递增趋势。相关分析发现，甘薯直链淀粉含量与各糊化特性参数间存在一定相关性，但这种相关性的大小又受到品种制约。     

枣起源演化及生物技术育种研究进展

枣(Z iziphus jujubaM ill.)是我特色果树树种之一,本文评述了近几年国内栆属植物分类、栆的起源演化、栆品种孢粉学、分子生物学以及胚培育种等方面的研究进展,并提出了今后的研究方向。     

台湾青枣的品种对比试验

对8个南方表现优良的台湾青枣品种在北方设施栽培下进行了对比试验,测定了营养生长、生殖生长及果实品质指标。综合分析表明,最适宜北方大棚栽培的台湾青枣品种是碧云,其次是大蜜、五千种和脆蜜。     

台湾青枣盆栽基质的筛选

选用塘泥、菇泥、椰糠3种基质进行6种不同的配比作为台湾青枣的栽培基质,对台湾青枣进行盆栽研究,并以塘泥作为对照。结果表明:不同配方的栽培基质对台湾青枣的营养生长和生殖生长均有不同的影响,其中处理C(塘泥:菇泥=3:2)的新叶片数和花序数与对照A相比差异达到显著水平,开花数达到极显著水平,是台湾青枣盆栽栽培基质的理想配方。