施氮量和栽插密度对桂育11号产量和稻米品质的影响

为探讨施氮量和栽插密度对水稻产量和稻米品质的影响，以水稻优质常规种桂育11号为试验材料，采用裂区试验设计，设置施氮量（主区）分别为0（N1）、75（N2）、150（N3）、225（N4） kg·hm^-2，栽插密度（裂区）分别为27（D1）、30（D2）、33（D3）万蔸·hm^-2，测定不同施氮量和栽插密度下桂育11号的产量和品质。结果表明，施氮量对有效穗数、千粒重、产量、整精米率、垩白粒率、垩白度和蛋白质含量有极显著影响；栽插密度对有效穗数、产量、糙米率和垩白度有极显著影响，对整精米率有显著影响；氮密互作对结实率、垩白粒率和垩白度有显著影响。当施氮量为150 kg·hm^-2时，桂育11号的穗粒数、结实率和产量最高。当栽插密度为30万蔸·hm^-2时，桂育11号的有效穗数和产量最高。氮密互作下，N3D2处理的产量及构成因素均与最高值无显著差异； N3D1、N3D2和N4D2处理的稻米品质指标均与最优值差异不显著。由此可见，实现优质常规稻桂育11号高产与优质的适宜施氮量为150 kg·hm^-2、栽插密度为30万蔸·hm^-2，为科学制定桂育11号高产、优质的高效栽培技术提供了理论依据。     

Regulation Mechanism of Epigallocatechin Gallate on Lipid Metabolism and Its Application in Livestock and Poultry Production北大核心CSCD

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)是茶叶中的主要成分,具有调控脂肪组织稳态、调节机体糖、脂代谢、缓解非酒精性脂肪肝等多种生物学功能,可作为一种天然的饲料添加剂用以提高畜禽的生产性能,具有广泛的利用价值和应用前景。为此,本文综述了EGCG对脂质代谢的调控机制及其在畜禽生产中的应用,以便为更好地将EGCG应用于畜牧领域提供参考。     

旱地春小麦新品种银春11号选育报告

为提高白银市春小麦单产，实现小麦生产可持续发展，选育和推广丰产性好、抗旱性强、适宜性广的优质春小麦新品种势在必行。白银市农业科学研究所以自育品系0636为母本、西旱1号为父本配制杂交组合，经多年系谱选择选育出旱地春小麦新品种银春11号。在2016 — 2017年的甘肃省旱地组春小麦区域试验中，银春11号2 a 10点(次)平均折合产量为2 810.4 kg/hm2，较对照品种西旱2号增产11.60%。在2018年的甘肃省旱地组春小麦生产试验中，银春11号平均折合产量为2 107.1 kg/hm2，较对照品种西旱2号增产10.10%。银春11号籽粒蛋白质(干基)含量154.7 g/kg，降落值118 s，湿面筋(以14%水分计)含量336.0 g/kg，赖氨酸(干基)含量4.6 g/kg，容重801.00 g/L。该品种抗旱性较好，中抗条锈病，适应性较好，成熟落黄好，适宜在甘肃中部干旱半干旱地区及生态条件相似的周边地区种植。     

Analysis of PPP1R11 expression in granulosa cells during developmental follicles of yak and its effects on cell function

The aims of this study were to analyse the protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 11 (PPP1R11) expression and cellular localization in yak follicles and investigate its effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis and oestrogen secretion in granulosa cells (GCs). Ten healthy and non-pregnant female yaks (4-year-old) were used as experimental animals. The mRNA relative expression level of PPP1R11 in GCs from small (<3.0 mm), medium (3.0–5.9 mm) and large (6.0–9.0 mm) follicles was detected by RT-qPCR, and the cellular localization of PPP1R11 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry staining (IHC). After isolation, culture and identification of yak GCs in vitro, si-PPP1R11 and si-NC (negative control) were transfected into GCs. RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence staining were used to evaluate the interference efficiency, and ELISA was performed to detect oestrogen concentration. Then, EdU staining and TUNEL staining were conducted to analyse cell proliferation and apoptosis. In addition, the oestrogen synthesis, proliferation- and apoptosis-related genes were detected by RT-qPCR after knockdown PPP1R11. The results showed that PPP1R11 is mainly located in ovarian GCs, and the expression levels of PPP1R11 in GCs from large follicles were significantly higher than that from medium and small follicles. Transfection of si-PPP1R11 into GCs could significantly inhibit the expression of PPP1R11. Interestingly, the oestrogen secretion ability and the expression level of oestrogen pathway-related genes (STAR, CYP11A1, CYP19A1 and HSD17B1) were also significantly downregulated. Moreover, the proportion of positive cells was decreased, and cellular proliferation-related genes (PCNA, CCNB1 and CDC25A) were significantly downregulated after knockdown PPP1R11. However, the proportion of apoptotic cells was increased, and apoptosis-related genes (BAX, CASP3 and P53) were significantly upregulated. Taken together, this study was the first revealed the expression and cellular localization of PPP1R11 in yak follicles. Interference PPP1R11 could reduce oestrogen secretion, inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis in GCs, which provided a basis for further studies on the regulatory mechanism of PPP1R11 in follicle development.     

利用90K芯片分析烟农74（11）小麦衍生品种（系）的遗传关系

小麦种质烟农74（11）是20世纪70年代烟台农业科学院选育的小麦育种中间材料，衍生了鲁麦14、鲁麦13、烟农19等多个大面积推广品种，并以这些品种为育种亲本，选育出多个国审小麦品种，是近期山东省小麦育种的基础。选用烟农74（11）种质衍生品种（系）62份、非烟农74（11）种质衍生品种（系）58份，共计120份实验材料，采用小麦90K芯片，分析了供试材料的遗传关系。共获得26 026个有效SNP位点，其中A、B、D基因组各占32.17%、40.69%和7.64%。供试群体多态性信息含量（PIC）为0.18～0.31，平均为0.25，低于SSR标记揭示的遗传多样性。分析了全部材料组（组Ⅰ）和烟农74（11）衍生材料组（组Ⅱ）遗传相似性系数，发现组Ⅰ材料间的遗传相似性系数在0.61～0.70的占59.44%、0.71～0.80的占32.98%、≥0.91的占0.80%；组Ⅱ的遗传相似性系数在 0.61～0.70的占26.77%、0.71～0.80的占53.22%、0.81～0.90的占17.26%，≥0.91的占2.75%，这表明烟农74（11）种质衍生后代间的遗传关系比较狭窄，需要拓宽遗传基础。此外，对几个经典小麦杂交组合进行了遗传相似性系数分析，发现子代和上缘亲本间的遗传相似性系数为0.68～0.87，平均为0.79；姊妹系间为0.84～0.87，父母本间为0.65～0.71。通过经典组合分析并结合当前小麦遗传关系狭窄的现实，建议在中短期育种目标中，双亲遗传相似性系数最好控制在0.8以下；在中长期育种目标中，双亲遗传相似性系数最好控制在0.7以下。     

神农架国家植物园建设的优势、特色与功能定位探讨

神农架是中国生物多样性中心之 一 。神农架林区拟依托珍稀植物保护园和濒危野生植物扩繁和迁地保护中心, 作为华中国家植物园的组成部分打造国家植物园 。从神农架生态环境、植物资源、保护基础及其可持续发展能力上分析了 其国家植物园建设的优势,阐述了神农架植被垂直带谱、珍稀与特有植物、植物利用与保护文化及区域发展战略特色,并探 讨了该植物园的基本功能与综合功能定位,以期为神农架国家植物园的规划建设提供参考,助力华中国家植物园建设。     

新饲玉11号氮磷钾最佳施肥量及肥效模型拟合研究

为了解决新疆地区青贮玉米高产施肥配比问题,本试验以青贮玉米品种“新饲玉11号”为材料,采用3414试验方法,设计了不同的氮磷钾配比,在新疆农垦科学院试验地田间试验研究玉米的氮、磷、钾肥料效应并配置相应的肥效函数,以筛选出适合当地青贮玉米高产的最佳氮磷钾配比.结果表明:供试土壤中有效养分含量丰缺程度为N含量为低水平,K20、P205含量为中水平.14个处理中以N2P2K2处理的产量最高,产量为8066.79 kg·667m-2；用二次回归分析,得出氮磷钾的肥料效应函数方程为:Y=4659.93+ 79.56N-5.06N2+ 101.7P-33.81P2+286.4K-10.28K2+ 24.87NP+ 2.66NK-12.97PK;通过模型寻优得出“新饲玉11号”的最佳施肥量为667m2施N 21kg,P2O5 5 kg,K2O 22 kg,在此配方组合下能够获得最佳产量7692.96 kg·667m-2.     

Why don’t we go outside? – Perceived constraints for users of urban greenspace in Sweden

Urban greenspace (UGS) is important for human wellbeing, particularly physical and mental health, and is claimed to support social cohesion. However, the expansion and densification of urban centres in recent decades has occurred largely at the expense of UGS. This risks its attractiveness for users. Although recent research has identified various factors that influence the use of UGS in different contexts, few studies have taken an explicit, bottom-up approach to understand which factors constrain willingness to use it. This study analyses responses from an online survey in Sweden (N = 2806) to identify the main constraints to UGS usage, and for whom these are constraints. Respondents could select from 22 different types of constraints – relating to incivilities, management, accessibility and availability, safety, and personal issues. Respondents could also provide comments to identify additional constraints. Incivilities were the most perceived problem. For example, litter was selected by 53% of respondents, while vandalism was selected by 24%. At the same time, many respondents perceived few or no constraints – 59% stated that nothing prevented them from using UGS, while 35% stated that they saw no problems. Safety-related and accessibility/availability constraints were not strongly identified although many respondents commented that UGS in Sweden is inadequate given the large number of users, and that the UGS that people want to use the most is often inaccessible without a car. Multiple binary logistic regression was used to investigate relationships between perceptions of constraints and fourteen predictor variables. Odds ratios were used to determine whether significant (p < 0.05) relationships were meaningful. Our findings show that different groups have starkly divergent perceptions of constraints relating to UGS. Several key factors – including age, self-reported nature-connectedness, distance to UGS, and frequency of use – were associated with a heightened likelihood of perceiving different groups of constraints. However, relationships between constraints and factors relating to environmental justice were not straightforward. These findings indicate the complexity of UGS planning challenges relating to densification, the New Urban Agenda and promotion of societal benefits, and a need to further integrate multiple user perspectives, especially of younger adults and infrequent users.     

新西兰白兔CYP11A1基因的克隆、生物信息学分析及其对繁殖相关基因的影响

【目的】旨在通过分析细胞色素P450家族成员11A1（CYP11A1）的生物信息功能及其在新西兰白兔卵巢颗粒细胞中对繁殖性能相关基因的调控作用，为探究其在卵泡发育过程中调控功能奠定基础。【方法】根据GenBank上兔CYP11A1基因的序列，设计特异性引物，以新西兰白兔卵巢组织cDNA为模板，PCR扩增并克隆CYP11A1基因序列，构建pcDNA3.1-CYP11A1过表达重组载体；用Mega 5.1在线软件构建系统进化树，并通过生物信息学软件对CYP11A1蛋白的氨基酸组成、理化性质、磷酸化位点、保守结构域、二级结构、三级结构、亚细胞定位、蛋白互作进行预测分析。分离新西兰白兔卵巢颗粒细胞，并通过免疫荧光法鉴定颗粒细胞特异性抗体卵泡刺激素受体（FSHR）的表达。设计3条干扰CYP11A1基因表达的引物（siRNA-1、siRNA-2、siRNA-3），筛选出干扰效率最高的1条，并将其与pcDNA3.1-CYP11A1过表达重组载体转染到卵巢颗粒细胞中，用实时荧光定量PCR检测颗粒细胞中羟基类固醇17-β脱氢酶1（HSD17B1）、骨形态发生蛋白15（BMP15）和促卵泡刺激素受体（FSHR）等繁殖相关基因mRNA表达水平。【结果】成功克隆新西兰白兔CYP11A1基因，其CDS全长序列为1 557 bp，编码518个氨基酸，其中亮氨酸含量（10.6%）最高，精氨酸（7.6%）、缬氨酸（7.4%）和丙氨酸（7.2%）次之。进化树分析显示，CYP11A1蛋白序列与家鼠、人和猩猩的距离最近。生物信息学分析显示，CYP11A1蛋白理论等电点为7.4，正负电荷残基数各占50个，脂肪族氨基酸指数为82.16，不稳定性指数39.54，其中氨基酸序列中亲水性残基数量多于疏水性残基；CYP11A1蛋白具有40个潜在的磷酸化位点，其中以苏氨酸、丝氨酸和酪氨酸最为丰富；CYP11A1蛋白二级结构由α-螺旋（48.31%）、无规则卷曲（40.22%）、延伸链（7.42%）和β-转角（4.04%）组成，三级结构为弯曲螺旋状。亚细胞定位预测结果显示，CYP11A1蛋白主要分布于线粒体（52.2%）、细胞质（17.4%）和细胞核（13.0%）中，还具有1个p450家族的结构域，并与多个繁殖性能相关的蛋白（STAR、CYP21A2、CYP17A1和FDX1）相互作用。分离的兔颗粒细胞表达FSHR，可以用于后续试验；CYP11A1基因在颗粒细胞中过表达后，HSD17B1和FSHR基因表达量极显著上调（P＜0.05），BMP15基因表达量显著上调（P＜0.01）；干扰CYP11A1基因表达后，BMP15和FSHR基因的表达量极显著下调（P＜0.01），HSD17B1基因表达量显著下调（P＜0.05）。【结论】CYP11A1是一个稳定、亲水、相对保守且具有抗氧化和类固醇激素合成功能的蛋白。CYP11A1基因可调控卵巢颗粒细胞中与繁殖性能相关的基因HSD17B1、BMP15、FSHR的表达，说明CYP11A1基因在母兔繁殖过程中发挥一定作用。     

丝羽乌骨鸡SLC38A11基因分型及其与皮肤乌色度关联分析

为进一步验证SLC38A11在丝羽乌骨鸡黑色素沉积中的作用,本研究采用基于飞行时间质谱分析技术对SLC38A11基因SNPs位点进行基因分型,对所有SNP位点利用Hapoview4.1进行连锁不平衡分析,并检测SNP位点是否处于H-W平衡状态,分析基因型与皮肤亮度L*值关联性,筛选对皮肤乌色度显著相关的SNP标记。结果表明：1）SLC38A11基因4个多态性位点质谱检出率为100%,每个位点都有3种基因型。SLC38A11基因SNP1位点为错义突变,SNP2、SNP3和 SNP4 3个SNPs位点均为同义突变。2）卡方检验表明,SNP1位点偏离H-W平衡（P<0.05）,其他3个SNPs位点均处于H-W平衡状态（P>0.05）。SNP1位点遗传多样性较低,其他3个SNPs位点为中度多态。3）单标记关联分析表明,SNP1位点TC基因型的胸部皮肤亮度L*值显著低于CC和TT基因型（P<0.05）;SNP2位点AA基因型的胸部皮肤亮度L*值显著低于GG与GA基因型（P<0.05）;SNP3位点TT基因型的胸部皮肤亮度L*值显著低于CC与CT基因型（P<0.05）。4）SNP2、SNP3和SNP4之间的强连锁产生了3种单倍型,H3H3单倍型（AATTAA基因型）胸部皮肤亮度L*值显著低于单倍型H2H3（GACTAG）和H2H1（GGCCAA）。SNP1～SNP4 4个位点基因型合并后,TCAATTAA胸部皮肤亮度L*值显著低于CCGGCCAA、TTGACTAG和CCGACTAG。综上,SLC38A11基因与丝羽乌骨鸡胸部皮肤乌色度密切相关,TCAATTAA基因型可作为研究丝羽乌骨鸡胸部皮肤乌色度的候选分子标记,为下一步利用分子标记辅助育种加快培育乌色度高的丝羽乌骨鸡新品种提供参考。