播栽期对云烟105品质及经济效益的影响

为云烟105烤烟新品种的推广应用提供参考,采用田间试验研究不同播栽期对云烟105农艺、性状经济效益和品质指标的影响。结果表明:云烟105在2月4—14日播种、4月1—10日移栽的综合农艺性状、品质性状和经济效益均较好。各部位烟叶物理性状以2月14日播种、4月10日移栽的综合得分最高,均大于80分。各部位烟叶的常规化学成分综合指数为0.39~0.73,其中,下部烟叶以2月4日播种、4月1日移栽各常规化学成分的协调性最好,综合指数为0.59;中上部烟叶以2月14日播种、4月10日移栽各常规化学成分的协调性较好,综合指数分别为0.71和0.73。感官评吸质量和经济效益均以2月14日播种、4月10日移栽较好,其烟叶的吃味较醇和、刺激性和劲头较小、余味较好、产值最高(4 271.17元/667m~2),各播栽期烟叶的外观质量无明显差异。结合当地烟叶生产实际,云烟105在宣威烟区种植以2月4—14日播种、4月1—10日移栽的经济效益较好、品质较优。     

云烟87大小孢子形成和雌雄配子体发育观察

采取不同发育阶段烤烟云烟87的花器官,采用常规石蜡切片法对其解剖结构进行研究。结果表明:烤烟云烟87花药壁发育类型为基本型,分化完全的花药壁由表皮、纤维层、中层和绒毡层构成,后者为腺质型绒毡层类型。小孢子母细胞减数分裂类型为同时型,四分体呈四面体型和十字交叉型,成熟花粉粒为二细胞型。烤烟云烟87的胚珠为倒生胚珠,薄珠心,胚珠多数;大孢子母细胞由孢原细胞直接生成,胚囊发育类型为蓼型。     

Purification of lily symptomless virus. Use and value of antisera against intact and pyrrolidine-degraded virus for testing lilies and tulips

Lily symptomless virus (LSV) was purified by clarification with chloroform, precipitation with polyethylene glycol and NaCl, and differential centrifugation. The influence of the source material and some buffers on virus yields were determined.Antisera were prepared against intact and pyrrolidine degraded LSV. It was concluded that intact and degraded LSV have very few antigenic determinants in common or none at all. The sensitivities of the micro-precipitin test and the single immunodiffusion drop test were about the same, but lower than that of electron microscopy.In the testing of lilies for LSV the most reliable results in leaves were obtained during the period from two weeks after flowering until close to the end of the growing season, and in leaves growing at a level about one-fourth of the distance from the top of the stem. In contrast to secondary infections, primary infections were detected more successfully in stored bulbs than in leaves taken from plants in the preceding growing season.In the testing of tulips, LSV was detected better in flowers than in leaves. Detection of primary infections was almost impossible. Except for those with a pink flower, experimentally infected tulips remained symptomless.Samenvatting Het symptoomloos lelievirus (LSV) were gezuiverd door klaring met chloroform, precipitatie met polyethyleenglycol en NaCl en differentieel centrifugeren. Het effect van het uitgangsmateriaal en enkele buffers op de virusopbrengst werd nagegaan.Antisera werden bereid tegen intact en met pyrrolidine afgebroken LSV. Geconcludeerd were dat intact en afgebroken LSV geen of slechts enkele antigene determinanten gemeenschappelijk hebben.De gevoeligheid van de microprecipitatietoets en de enkele immuno-diffusiedruppeltoets is ongeveer gelijk. Met het elektronenmicroscoop kunnen echter lagere virusconcentraties worden aangetoond.Het toetsen van lelies op LSV gaf de betrouwbaarste resultaten met bladeren die op ongeveer driekwart hoogte van de stengel groeien en in de periode tussen 2 weken na de bloei en vrijwel het einde van het groeiseizoen worden geplukt. Primaire infecties konden, in tegenstelling tot secundaire infecties, beter worden vastgesteld aan bolmateriaal tijdens de bewaring dan aan bladeren in het voorafgaande groeiseizoen.Bij het toetsen van tulpen werd het LSV met grotere zekerheid vastgesteld in bloemen dan in bladeren. Het vaststellen van primaire infecties was bijna niet mogelijk. Na infectie van tulpen met LSV vertoonden alleen die met een rose bloemkleur symptomen.     

牛源多杀性巴氏杆菌Oma87基因的分子特征、抗原性及遗传进化分析

为研究牛源多杀性巴氏杆菌（Pasteurella multocida，Pm）Oma87基因的分子特征及同源性，本研究对荚膜血清A型（capsular serotype A，Pm8）Oma87基因进行扩增、克隆和测序，利用在线软件对其进行分子特征、抗原性及遗传进化分析。结果显示，Oma87基因全长为2 376 bp，编码791个氨基酸；氨基酸序列分析发现，该蛋白为酸性的亲水性蛋白，稳定性高，具有信号肽结构但不存在跨膜区域；二、三级结构分析发现，该蛋白为无规则卷曲及多段延伸链所形成的"N"字型三维立体结构。遗传进化分析显示，新疆分离株Pm8 Oma87基因与其他不同地域的牛源A型Pm和部分猪源A型Pm的同源性较近，与其他型Pm的同源性较远；通过VaxiJen软件分析发现，Oma87蛋白的保护性抗原的总体预测值为0.5478，高于正常阈值0.4，证明Oma87蛋白可作为免疫原性蛋白，为进一步研究Oma87蛋白奠定了理论基础。     

苏云金杆菌制剂标准化的程序和方法

本文对以小菜蛾为供试虫,测定苏云金杆菌制剂标准化的程序和方法进行了详细描述。按此程序,以美国标准品HD-1-S-1980作对照,对中国标准品CS5ab—87进行效价标定。17次生物测定的平均效价为8633±915IU/mg,变异系数10.6％。表明使用该生物测定程序和方法测定的结果重复性好,易于推广应用。     

CS87与添加剂对海狸鼠生长及有关激素水平的影响

在幼龄 (3～ 4 5月龄 )海狸鼠基础日粮中添加微量元素、维生素添加剂及CS87,研究其对幼龄海狸鼠生长及有关激素的影响。结果表明 ,微量元素、维生素添加剂及CS87对海狸鼠日增重均有显著影响 ,试验组海狸鼠生长激素和胰岛素样生长因子 Ⅰ水平均有显著提高 ,提示CS87促进海狸鼠生长的机制与大鼠和兔相同     

不同播种密度和发芽条件对烤烟不育系云烟87包衣种子萌发的影响

为找出不同播种密度和发芽条件对烤烟种子萌发的影响，笔者从播种密度、发芽床、发芽用水三个方面，采用烤烟种子在人工气候箱进行室内发芽的方法，研究了不同播种密度和不同发芽条件下对烤烟不育系云烟87包衣种萌发的影响，结果表明：不同播种密度比不同发芽条件，对不育系云烟87包衣种子萌发的影响更大。烟草种子在进行检验时，播种密度宜采用100粒/皿，适宜发芽条件为2层滤纸加自来水的处理好。此时，云烟87包衣种子的发芽势、发芽率及同步指数分别为76.0%、89.0%和0.49。     

稳定同位素比质谱用于不同进口国大豆溯源技术研究

为探讨锶(Sr)、碳(C)、氮(N)稳定同位素比质谱应用于我国进口大豆产地溯源的可行性,本试验利用热电离质谱检测进口大豆中⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr,利用稳定同位素比质谱仪检测进口大豆中的δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N,利用SPSS软件对进口自巴西、美国和阿根廷的大豆⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr比值、δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N进行统计分析。结果表明,不同产地国大豆样本中的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr比值、δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N呈正态分布;方差分析和事后多重比较分析结果表明,不同产地国大豆样本中的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr比值、δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N有显著差异(P<0.05);利用大豆样本中的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr比值、δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N对进口大豆产地国进行判别分析,进口自阿根廷的大豆样本与进口自美国和巴西的大豆样本判别正确率达100%,3个主要大豆进口国大豆样本总体判别正确率达到82.4%。综上所述,利用⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr比值、δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N能够初步对进口自不同国家的大豆进行产地溯源和判别,为我国进口大豆产地国鉴别提供技术支持。     

基于生态健康的贵阳市云岩区土地集约利用研究

城市土地集约利用是城市发展的必然要求.目前的土地集约利用评价指标重点考虑经济、社会因素,较少考虑环境因素以及土地集约利用对环境的效应.本文从生态健康的角度入手,建立城市土地集约利用的评价指标体系,包括3大评价因子、20个评价指标,并确定各评价指标的权重.以贵阳市云岩区为例,运用GIS方法对云岩区城市土地集约利用水平进行了研究.结果表明:云岩区城市土地集约利用属较集约水平,还有一定的土地集约利用潜力;在空间上,云岩区城市土地集约利用水平呈现出从中南部向北部、西部、东部递减的特征.土地集约区域面临生态环境恶化的障碍,粗放区域面临社会经济投入产出不足的障碍;针对不同集约水平的区域应采取不同的发展策略,实现生态、社会、经济的协调发展.     

Effects of diet on spontaneous locomotor activity and oxygen consumption in Adriatic sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii)

Adriatic sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii) were maintained on a commercial diet enriched either in long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of the 3 series (3 LCPUFA) or in saturated fatty acids (SFA). The effects of dietary fatty acid composition on spontaneous locomotor activity in normoxia and hypoxia (O₂ tension = 10.5 ± 0.8 kPa), and on oxygen consumption (M^O ₂) in normoxia, in hypoxia (O₂ tension = 6.6 ± 0.8 kPa) and during recovery were then investigated. The effects of adding supplementary vitamin E to the fat-enriched diets were also studied.Dietary fatty acid composition had effects on spontaneous locomotor activity and M^O ₂ in normoxia. Activity levels were higher in all sturgeon fed extra dietary fats (without vitamin E), when compared with control animals, but fish fed 3 LCPUFA had a significantly lower M^O ₂ than those fed SFA, with intermediate M^O ₂ in controls. In hypoxia, sturgeon 3 LCPUFA did not alter activity or M^O ₂ whereas those fed SFA reduced both and controls reduced M^O ₂. During recovery, both animals fed SFA and controls had a higher M^O ₂ than sturgeon fed 3 LCPUFA. The data indicate that fish fed 3 LCPUFA are more tolerant of hypoxia than controls or those fed SFA, as they did not reduce either activity or M^O ₂, and consumed less O₂ during recovery.Vitamin E supplements modified the effects elicited by dietary fats. All sturgeon fed vitamin E had low activity levels in normoxia and hypoxia. Sturgeon fed vitamin E with 3 LCPUFA had a higher M^O ₂ in normoxia than those fed 3 LCPUFA alone; reduced M^O ₂ in hypoxia, and during recovery increased M^O ₂ to a rate higher than that of animals fed 3 LCPUFA alone. In normoxia, sturgeon fed vitamin E with SFA had a similar M^O ₂ to those fed SFA alone but did not change M^O ₂ in hypoxia or during recovery. Thus, the effects of vitamin E were dependent on fat composition of the diet. Vitamin E with 3 LCPUFA removed the beneficial effects on M^O ₂ and responses to hypoxia obtained with 3 LCPUFA alone, but vitamin E with SFA allowed sturgeon to maintain aerobic metabolism in hypoxia, a more effective response than that observed in fish fed SFA alone.