Structure-Activity Relationship Study of the Neuritogenic Potential of the Glycan of Starfish Ganglioside LLG-3

LLG-3 is a ganglioside isolated from the starfish Linchia laevigata. To clarify the structure-activity relationship of the glycan of LLG-3 toward rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells in the presence of nerve growth factor, a series of mono- to tetrasaccharide glycan derivatives were chemically synthesized and evaluated in vitro. The methyl group at C8 of the terminal sialic acid residue was crucial for neuritogenic activity, and the terminal trisaccharide moiety was the minimum active motif. Furthermore, the trisaccharide also stimulated neuritogenesis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 was rapidly induced by adding 1 or 10 nM of the trisaccharide. The ratio of phosphorylated ERK to ERK reached a maximum 5 min after stimulation, and then decreased gradually. However, the trisaccharide did not induce significant Akt phosphorylation. These effects were abolished by pretreatment with the MAPK inhibitor U0126, which inhibits enzymes MEK1 and MEK2. In addition, U0126 inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 in response to the trisaccharide dose-dependently. Therefore, we concluded that the trisaccharide promotes neurite extension in SH-SY5Y cells via MAPK/ERK signaling, not Akt signaling.     

Rht12矮秆基因在不育系繁殖中的应用研究

为了解决小麦矮秆不育系的繁殖问题，使半矮秆杂种小麦尽快投入生产应用，利用中国农业大学从德国引入的Rht12矮秆系与江苏省小麦推广品种杂交和回交，育成了适合江苏省南部种植的Rht12矮秆系及其T型细胞质雄性不育系。由同一品种转育的Rht12矮秆系，其株高变动于50～90cm之间；不同株高的Rht12矮秆系可以配制出不同株高的杂种F1。在拔节期至穗期喷施50～100mg/kg的赤霉酸溶液，可以使Rht12矮秆系的株高显著增加。在不育系种子繁殖区内，喷施50mg/kg的赤霉酸溶液，保持系株高由65cm增加到90cm，不育系植株的异交结实率由对照的20.2%增加到60.4%，从而显著地提高了不育系种子产量。株高的差异也能在收获时防止保持系种子混入不育系中，从而可以确保不育系种子的纯度。本文还讨论了如何解决Rht12矮秆系所存在的晚熟性和早枯等不良性状问题。     

籼粳杂交稻甬优12百亩方13.50 t/hm~2高产栽培技术

籼粳杂交稻甬优12具有株型优良、穗大粒多、结实率高、高产稳产、优质多抗等特点。2013-2016年在浙江省江山市进行百亩方攻关试验,2016年创造了单产14.56 t/hm~2的浙江省单季稻攻关田历史最高纪录。本文介绍了甬优12的特征特性,并详细阐述了甬优12百亩攻关方单产达13.50 t/hm~2的高产栽培技术。     

海晏县国有林场“十二五”扶贫规划探析

从资源分布、组织机构与经营管理、基础设施建设等方面介绍了海晏县国有林场的基本情况,阐述了林场扶贫规划的依据、目标以及具体内容,涉及基础设施建设、生产发展、人员培训、棚户区改造等,并提出保障措施,以期为国有林场的扶贫项目开展提供参考。     

浙西南山区单季晚稻‘甬优15号’机插高产群体培育及配套栽培技术

甬优15号在浙江西南山区种植,表现为丰产性较好,产量高、米质优。实行育秧、插秧机械作业不仅高产稳产,且省工省本。通过多年的育机插秧示范和推广,总结了甬优15号育机插秧优质高产栽培技术。     

湘西瓜12号的选育

为选育优质、高产、抗病的无籽西反良种,以西瓜品种新８０４５７为母本,日本引进的“都三号”杂交一代经多代自交分离固定而成的自交系Ｄ３为父本,育成了早中熟无籽西瓜品种－湘西瓜１２号。该西瓜品种全生育期８８－８９ｄ,果实成熟期约３０ｄ,单果均重６ｋｇ,产量达６０ｔ／ｈｍ＾２,果心可溶固形物含量１２％－１３％,抗病耐湿性强,易坐易。     

高产抗逆大豆新品种石豆12号的选育

石豆12号是由石家庄市农林科学研究院以石豆1号为母本,汾豆63为父本经有性杂交选育而成。2015-2016年参加河北省夏播大豆区域试验,平均产量3 284.0 kg·hm~(-2),较对照冀豆12增产6.22%。2016年参加河北省夏播大豆生产试验,平均产量3 229.7 kg·hm~(-2),较对照冀豆12增产4.91%。2017年通过河北省农作物品种审定委员会审定,准予推广。石豆12号的主要特点是高产、抗病、抗倒伏,适宜在河北省中南部夏播种植。     

First Identification of 12β-Deoxygonyautoxin 5 (12α-Gonyautoxinol 5) in the Cyanobacterium Dolichospermum circinale (TA04) and 12β-Deoxysaxitoxin (12α-Saxitoxinol) in D. circinale (TA04) and the Dinoflagellate Alexandrium pacificum (Group IV) (120518KureAC)

Saxitoxin and its analogues, paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), are potent and specific voltage-gated sodium channel blockers. These toxins are produced by some species of freshwater cyanobacteria and marine dinoflagellates. We previously identified several biosynthetic intermediates of PSTs, as well as new analogues, from such organisms and proposed the biosynthetic and metabolic pathways of PSTs. In this study, 12β-deoxygonyautoxin 5 (12α-gonyautoxinol 5 = gonyautoxin 5-12(R)-ol) was identified in the freshwater cyanobacterium, Dolichospermum circinale (TA04), and 12β-deoxysaxitoxin (12α-saxitoxinol = saxitoxin-12(R)-ol) was identified in the same cyanobacterium and in the marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium pacificum (Group IV) (120518KureAC) for the first time from natural sources. The authentic standards of these compounds and 12α-deoxygonyautoxin 5 (12β-gonyautoxinol 5 = gonyautoxin 5-12(S)-ol) were prepared by chemical derivatization from the major PSTs, C1/C2, produced in D. circinale (TA04). These standards were used to identify the deoxy analogues by comparing the retention times and MS/MS spectra using high-resolution LC-MS/MS. Biosynthetic or metabolic pathways for these analogues have also been proposed based on their structures. The identification of these compounds supports the α-oriented stereoselective oxidation at C12 in the biosynthetic pathway towards PSTs.     

超级稻甬优12产量1000kg/667m~2手插栽培技术初步集成

以甬优12在居于5 300℃积温线的浙江中部新昌县的试验实践为基础,提出了1 000 kg/667 m2手插栽培的基本技术思路、群体生育指标及主要集成技术。     

Protective effect of folate and vitamin B12 on Alzheimer-like pathological changes in brain of aged rats with hyperhomocysteinemia

AIM:To explore the effect of hyperhomocysteinemia on the Alzheimer-like pathological changes in the brain of aged rat. METHODS:The rats were treated with homocysteine(Hcy) by intravenous injection through vena caudalis with or without a simultaneous supplementation of folate and Vitamin B₁₂(FB) in the drinking water for 28 weeks. The distribution and aggregation of tau protein were detected by Bielschowsky silver staining. Western blotting was used to determine the protein levels of tau phosphorylation, glycogen synthase kinase 3β(GSK-3β) and protein phosphatase 2A(PP2A). RESULTS:Treatment with Hcy induced hyperhomocysteinemia in aged rats and resulted in the formation of neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Supplementation of FB effectively reduced the tangles. Hyperhomocysteinemia also induced Alzheimer-like tau hyperphosphorylation at multiple sites(Ser^199/202and Ser³⁹⁶). Hyperhomocysteinemia activated GSK-3β and inhibited the activity of PP2A. Supplementation of FB alleviated the changes of tau and the activities of GSK-3β and PP2A. CONCLUSION:Supplementation of FB ameliorates the hyperhomocysteinemia-induced Alzheimer-like pathological changes of tau protein possibly through regulating the activity of GSK-3β and PP2A in aged rats.