Anti-Inflammatory Components of the Starfish Astropecten polyacanthus

Inflammation is important in biomedical research, because it plays a key role in inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and other forms of arthritis, diabetes, heart disease, irritable bowel syndrome, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, allergies, asthma, and even cancer. In the present study, we describe the inhibitory effect of crude extracts and steroids isolated from the starfish Astropecten polyacanthus on pro-inflammatory cytokine (Interleukin-12 (IL-12) p40, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). Among those tested, compounds 5 and 7 showed potent inhibitory effects on the production of all three pro-inflammatory cytokines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 1.82 ± 0.11 to 7.00 ± 0.16 μM. Potent inhibitory activities were also observed for compound 1 on the production of IL-12 p40 and IL-6 with values of 3.96 ± 0.12 and 4.07 ± 0.13 μM, respectively, and for compounds 3 and 4 on the production of IL-12 p40 with values of 6.55 ± 0.18 and 5.06 ± 0.16 μM, respectively. Moreover, compounds 2 (IC₅₀ = 34.86 ± 0.31 μM) and 6 (IC₅₀ = 79.05 ± 2.05 μM) exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on the production of IL-12 p40, whereas compounds 3 (IC₅₀ = 22.80 ± 0.21 μM) and 4 (IC₅₀ = 16.73 ± 0.25 μM) moderately inhibited the production of TNF-α and IL-6, respectively.     

Treatment and outcome of chronic septic tenosynovitis in three horses

Three horses were presented for treatment of chronic infections of the digital flexor tendon sheath. Clinical signs included severe lameness, and heat, pain and swelling of the digital flexor tendon sheath. The horses were treated with surgical lavage of the tendon sheath, systemic and local antibiotics, and analgesics. In each case, resolution of the lameness occurred over weeks to months. Only one horse returned to athletic activity, while the other two became comfortable at pasture. Response to treatment in cases of chronic tenosynovitis may not be as rapid or complete as that reported for acute tendon sheath infections.     

HPLC法检测复合维生素片中叶酸和维生素B_(12)的含量

[目的]建立应用高效液相法测定复合维生素片中叶酸和维生素B12含量的方法。[方法]色谱柱用菲罗门lunaC18(4.6×250 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0.028 mol/L磷酸氢二钠水溶液(用磷酸调pH到3.5)(21∶79),流速1.0 ml/min,检测波长为361 nm,进样量为20μl,柱温为25℃。[结果]维生素B12在6.65～66.50 ng范围内呈现良好的线性关系,回归方程是y=0.495 1x+1.342 8(R2=0.999 4,n=6),平均回收率为96.83%,RSD为0.82%(n=6)。叶酸在80～800 ng范围内呈现良好的线性关系,回归方程是y=0.021 1 x+0.661 1(R2=0.998 8,n=6),平均回收率为95.56%,RSD为1.54%(n=6)。[结论]高效液相色谱法灵敏度高,操作简便,重现性好,结果准确,可以用于复合维生素片中叶酸和维生素B12的含量测定。     

津田弯孢C12铅耐受性研究

【目的】测定津田弯孢C12(Curvularia tsudae C12)对重金属铅的耐受性,并分析相关的理化机制,为该菌在重金属环境污染治理中的应用提供理论基础,并丰富真菌重金属抗性机制理论。【方法】采用固、液两种培养方法,分别检测不同Pb~(2+)质量浓度(0,200,400,800,1 200,1 600,2 000 mg/L)胁迫下津田弯孢C12的生长状况,并依据菌丝体干质量计算铅对该菌的半效应浓度(EC_(50)),明确该菌对铅的耐受性;测定不同Pb~(2+)质量浓度胁迫下津田弯孢C12培养液的pH值和有机酸含量、菌丝体中的谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)含量,初步分析津田弯孢C12可能的铅耐受性机制。【结果】津田弯孢C12在所测Pb~(2+)质量浓度下均能生长,但相同Pb~(2+)质量浓度下液体培养的菌丝体干质量和EC_(50)(990.8 mg/L)均显著高于固体培养(P0.05);铅胁迫下(200～2 000 mg/L),津田弯孢C12菌落直径、菌丝体干质量和培养液pH值均显著(P0.05)低于不加铅(0 mg/L)的对照,而培养液中4种有机酸含量和有机酸总量及菌丝体内GSH含量均高于不加铅的对照,且草酸和柠檬酸含量显著(P0.05)高于酒石酸和苹果酸。随培养基中Pb~(2+)质量浓度的增加,菌落直径和菌丝体干质量呈逐渐降低的趋势;草酸含量先升高后稳定,在Pb~(2+)质量浓度800～2 000 mg/L时达到最大;酒石酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸的含量和有机酸总量都呈先升高后降低并趋于平稳,在Pb~(2+)质量浓度400～800 mg/L时达到最大值;培养液pH则呈先降低后升高并稳定的趋势,Pb~(2+)质量浓度为800 mg/L时培养液pH值最低;菌丝体内GSH含量逐渐上升,低Pb~(2+)质量浓度(200～1 200 mg/L)下显著低于(P0.05)高Pb~(2+)质量浓度(1 600～2 000 mg/L),而MDA含量则是先增加后降低再升高,但各个Pb~(2+)质量浓度下均无显著变化(P0.05)。【结论】津田弯孢C12对重金属铅具有较高的耐受性,其在液体振荡培养条件下的生长状况和铅耐受性均明显优于固体培养,改变形态以增加吸附表面积、分泌黑色素、积累GSH和有机酸,尤其是草酸和柠檬酸,可能是该菌减轻重金属铅毒害、具有较高铅耐受性的潜在机制。     

2F-12型变量施肥试验台试验

为了提高化肥的利用率,达到提高产量减少污染的目的,以黑龙江垦区施肥机械为基础,设计了一台2F-1 2型变量施肥试验台。变量施肥试验台的目的是研究降低施肥成本的方法和途径,提高农业生产的经济效益和环境效益,简化施肥操作步骤,降低劳动强度,在提高变量施肥控制系统的开发设计能力的同时,为田间变量施肥机具的大面积推广提供技术储备。2F-12型变量施肥试验台可以完成变量施肥软件的测试和变量施肥的监测工作,主要由箱体、排肥装置、液压系统、电控系统、车载计算机,以及施肥监测系统组成。测试试验结果表明:变量施肥软件无误,施肥口输出肥料正常,机具设计结构合理,可为黑龙江垦区变量施肥作业提供技术支持。     

基于督脉理论辨治脊髓疾病——中医脑病理论与临床实证研究（八）

脊髓充贯椎骨管腔、传导脑髓神机、调控躯体神机、脊髓濡养全身躯体及脏腑、脑脊液循环代谢自有常度。督脉循行脊髓,反映脊髓的大部分功能,督脉为通真之路,脊髓为脏真聚所。例举颈脊髓外伤后遗症神经源性膀胱并神经源性直肠、T₁₂-L₁水平椎管内多发性肿瘤术后、脊髓空洞症3个医案,阐释了脊髓病变以脏腑经络病变为基础,具有易虚损、易痹阻、易共病的病机特征。脊髓疾病属于督脉病变的一部分,治疗上以恢复督脉阴阳水火升降之通道为原则,要同时兼顾督脉病和髓病的用药特点。治督脉应与相关经脉同治,形神同治;虚者治肾命为主,实者通经络为要,治神者参考脑病;治髓虚实主于肝胆,尚用风药。脊髓疾病用药不拘定法,必须辨病辨证,分别轻重缓急处理。     

高产优质多抗芝麻新品种周芝12号的选育及配套栽培技术

周芝12号是周口市农业科学院通过有性杂交和混合法选择选育而成的芝麻新品种。2016～2017年参加国家黄淮区芝麻品种区域试验,两年平均产量1647. 3 kg/hm^2,比豫芝4号(CK)增产12. 1%; 2018年参加国家黄淮区芝麻新品种展示试验,平均产量1253. 3 kg/hm^2,较豫芝4号(CK)增产19. 1%,其粗脂肪含量56. 1%,粗蛋白质含量19. 3%。该品种具有高产、稳产、优质、耐渍、抗病、适应性广、抗倒伏能力强等特点。介绍了周芝12号的选育经过及配套栽培技术。     

甬优12抽穗动态调查及稻曲病预防适期研究

稻曲病已由次要病害上升为主要病害,对水稻生产危害严重,不但影响产量还降低其品质。稻曲病发生后(出现稻曲球)就很难防治,只能预防不能治疗。适时打药是高效预防稻曲病的关键。本研究结果表明,对籼粳杂交稻甬优12而言,在破口前10～13 d用专化杀菌剂预防1次、破口期再预防1次的处理防治效果最好,穗防效和病情指数防效分别为94.59%和98.33%;仅在破口前10 d或13 d喷1次药预防的处理,穗防效分别为86.95%和87.36%,病情指数防效分别为94.98%和95.99%。鉴于在实际生产中很难准确确定具体哪一天是破口前的第10 d或第13 d,本研究采用水稻生理学性状"叶枕平"(剑叶叶枕与倒数第2叶叶枕持平,或叶枕距为零)界定为最佳打药期,即稻田中1/3～1/2水稻植株处于叶枕平为第1次打药预防稻曲病的适期,第2次打药适期为破口前。     

Evaluation of 12-month interval methods for estimating animal-times at risk in a traditional African livestock farming system

Demographic parameters are useful for assessing productivity and dynamics of tropical livestock populations. Common parameters are the annual instantaneous hazard rates, which can be estimated by m/T (where m represents the number of the considered demographic events occurred during the year and T the cumulated animal-time at risk). Different approaches are encountered in the literature for computing T from on-farm survey data. One crude approach (“the 12-month interval approach”) only uses estimations of herds’ sizes at beginning and end of the year and aggregated counts of demographic events over the year. I evaluated the potential biases in using four 12-month interval methods (M1–M4) to estimate T. Biases were evaluated by comparing the 12-month estimates to gold-standard values of T. Data came from long-term herd monitoring on cattle and small ruminants in extensive agro-pastoral systems. Animal-times at risks were correctly estimated in average by methods M1, M2 and M4 (average relative biases <=6% in absolute values), except for adult-male small ruminants. For young animals, M2 and M4 showed equivalent biases. M2 is simple to implement and has the advantage of being applicable for any age-group, although M4 is only applicable for young animals. M3 was highly biased and I do not recommend it. Although accurate in average, 12-month interval methods showed highly variable biases. This variability results from interactions between the dates delimiting the 12-month interval and the distributions of the demographic events over time. This phenomenon is particularly important for the adult-male small ruminants. Based on the bias variability observed in the study, the user of 12-month interval methods has to remember that they only provide approximate results and that they cannot completely replace the gold-standard approaches.