Phylogeography of the African common toad,Amietophrynus regularis,based on mitochondrial DNA sequences: inferences regarding the Cape Verde population and biogeographical patterns

The amphibian Amietophrynus regularis is distributed throughout equatorial Africa, with presumed introduced populations in the Cape Verde archipelago. Portions of the 12S and 16S rRNA mitochondrial regions of 30 specimens from Kenya, Uganda, Niger, Mali, Burkina-Faso, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde were used to assess genetic diversity and to identify the most probable geographic origin for the introduction of this toad on the latter archipelago. Two lineages with 1.4% genetic divergence between them were identified in western and eastern Africa. All sequences from the different Cape Verde Islands were identical to each other and to the Guinea-Bissau samples, indicating, together with other historical evidences, that an anthropogenic introduction event probably occurred, possibly from Guinea-Bissau, but further work is needed to confirm this. As previously noted, several individuals from previous genetic studies seem to have been misidentified.     

Treatment and outcome of chronic septic tenosynovitis in three horses

Three horses were presented for treatment of chronic infections of the digital flexor tendon sheath. Clinical signs included severe lameness, and heat, pain and swelling of the digital flexor tendon sheath. The horses were treated with surgical lavage of the tendon sheath, systemic and local antibiotics, and analgesics. In each case, resolution of the lameness occurred over weeks to months. Only one horse returned to athletic activity, while the other two became comfortable at pasture. Response to treatment in cases of chronic tenosynovitis may not be as rapid or complete as that reported for acute tendon sheath infections.     

2F-12型变量施肥试验台试验

为了提高化肥的利用率,达到提高产量减少污染的目的,以黑龙江垦区施肥机械为基础,设计了一台2F-1 2型变量施肥试验台。变量施肥试验台的目的是研究降低施肥成本的方法和途径,提高农业生产的经济效益和环境效益,简化施肥操作步骤,降低劳动强度,在提高变量施肥控制系统的开发设计能力的同时,为田间变量施肥机具的大面积推广提供技术储备。2F-12型变量施肥试验台可以完成变量施肥软件的测试和变量施肥的监测工作,主要由箱体、排肥装置、液压系统、电控系统、车载计算机,以及施肥监测系统组成。测试试验结果表明:变量施肥软件无误,施肥口输出肥料正常,机具设计结构合理,可为黑龙江垦区变量施肥作业提供技术支持。     

甬优12抽穗动态调查及稻曲病预防适期研究

稻曲病已由次要病害上升为主要病害,对水稻生产危害严重,不但影响产量还降低其品质。稻曲病发生后(出现稻曲球)就很难防治,只能预防不能治疗。适时打药是高效预防稻曲病的关键。本研究结果表明,对籼粳杂交稻甬优12而言,在破口前10～13 d用专化杀菌剂预防1次、破口期再预防1次的处理防治效果最好,穗防效和病情指数防效分别为94.59%和98.33%;仅在破口前10 d或13 d喷1次药预防的处理,穗防效分别为86.95%和87.36%,病情指数防效分别为94.98%和95.99%。鉴于在实际生产中很难准确确定具体哪一天是破口前的第10 d或第13 d,本研究采用水稻生理学性状"叶枕平"(剑叶叶枕与倒数第2叶叶枕持平,或叶枕距为零)界定为最佳打药期,即稻田中1/3～1/2水稻植株处于叶枕平为第1次打药预防稻曲病的适期,第2次打药适期为破口前。     

Evaluation of 12-month interval methods for estimating animal-times at risk in a traditional African livestock farming system

Demographic parameters are useful for assessing productivity and dynamics of tropical livestock populations. Common parameters are the annual instantaneous hazard rates, which can be estimated by m/T (where m represents the number of the considered demographic events occurred during the year and T the cumulated animal-time at risk). Different approaches are encountered in the literature for computing T from on-farm survey data. One crude approach (“the 12-month interval approach”) only uses estimations of herds’ sizes at beginning and end of the year and aggregated counts of demographic events over the year. I evaluated the potential biases in using four 12-month interval methods (M1–M4) to estimate T. Biases were evaluated by comparing the 12-month estimates to gold-standard values of T. Data came from long-term herd monitoring on cattle and small ruminants in extensive agro-pastoral systems. Animal-times at risks were correctly estimated in average by methods M1, M2 and M4 (average relative biases <=6% in absolute values), except for adult-male small ruminants. For young animals, M2 and M4 showed equivalent biases. M2 is simple to implement and has the advantage of being applicable for any age-group, although M4 is only applicable for young animals. M3 was highly biased and I do not recommend it. Although accurate in average, 12-month interval methods showed highly variable biases. This variability results from interactions between the dates delimiting the 12-month interval and the distributions of the demographic events over time. This phenomenon is particularly important for the adult-male small ruminants. Based on the bias variability observed in the study, the user of 12-month interval methods has to remember that they only provide approximate results and that they cannot completely replace the gold-standard approaches.     

中、意蜂Atg12基因克隆表达及生物信息学分析

试验旨在探究自噬相关基因Atg12(autophagy-related 12 gene)在中华蜜蜂(中蜂)、意大利蜜蜂(意蜂)中的表达差异,为探讨中蜂抗螨分子机理提供参考。参照GenBank中东方蜜蜂Atg12基因序列(登录号:XM_017048509.1)设计引物,扩增中、意蜂头部组织Atg12基因,并对其进行克隆、测序、原核表达及其氨基酸序列和蛋白结构分析,同时采用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析该基因在中、意蜂头部组织中的表达差异。结果显示,本试验成功扩增出大小为450 bp的目的片段,并表达出大小约42 ku重组蛋白;遗传进化树分析表明,在Atg12基因进化过程中,中蜂(Apis cerana cerana)、意蜂(Apis mellifera)、大蜜蜂(Apis dorsata)和小蜜蜂(Apis florea)亲缘关系较近;重组蛋白生物信息学分析显示,该蛋白的二级结构中共含有6个多肽结合位点、6个β-折叠和4个α-螺旋,分子质量约为16.13 ku,等电点为6.73;实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,Atg12基因在中蜂头部组织中表达极显著高于意蜂(P<0.01)。本试验结果为后续深入研究Atg12基因在中蜂抗螨上的作用机制提供了参考。     

基于MC9S12DP256的发动机转速测量系统研究

设计了一种基于飞思卡尔MC9S12DP256单片机的发动机转速测量系统,给出了测量系统的实现技术和硬件结构,进行了软件程序设计,并讨论了转速测量数据的滤波方法。该系统在实际测量中取得了良好的效果,为发动机动力性能研究提供了重要的参考依据,有较强的实用性。     

种属特异性PCR技术在检测鹅肥肝掺假中的应用研究

建立起一种用于检测鹅肥肝是否掺假的方法:种属特异性PCR技术。以鹅、鸭的12SrRNA基因序列设计特异引物,扩增目的片段分别为97bp和196bp。以三类温度处理和0.1%～100%的鸭肥肝掺假比例,分析方法的有效性和灵敏性。结果表明,这种方法的效果是不受样品被长时间加热的影响(高至100℃,10min);同时,即使当掺假比例只有0.1%时,仍能有效扩增出2特异条带。说明本方法适用于快速、准确地检测鹅肥肝掺假的需要。     

干鲜两用辣椒新品种‘安椒12’的选育

‘安椒12’是以‘m 99-6’为母本‘、538’为父本配制而成的杂交1代辣椒新品种。该品种生育期185 d左右,中早熟,始花节位8~10节;果实线形,果长22~25 cm,横径1.8~2.0 cm,平均单果质量21 g,最大单果质量36 g,连续坐果性强,最多可连续不间断坐果136个;早春栽培前期平均667 m^2产量900~1 200 kg,667 m^2总产量3 500~4 500 kg;产量高,抗性强,嫩果绿色,老果红色,适合鲜食和加工。适宜在河南、河北等省春季保护地或春季露地种植。2010年被评为河南省科技进步三等奖;2018年通过了非主要农作物品种登记。