Seasonal distribution of phytoplasmas in Australian grapevines

The distribution and persistence of phytoplasmas were determined in Australian grapevines. Phytoplasmas could be detected using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from shoots, cordons, trunks and roots throughout the year, and phytoplasmas appear to persistently infect Australian grapevines from year to year. Phytoplasmas were not always detected in samples from the same sampling area from one sampling period to the next. Phytoplasma detection by PCR was improved by sampling from shoots, cordons and trunks, especially during October (early spring). The diseases expressed by the 20 grapevines used in the distribution and persistence studies were monitored. Australian grapevine yellows disease (AGY) was expressed by 17/20 grapevines at some time during the study, whilst only 4/20 and 15/20 grapevines expressed restricted growth disease (RG) and late season leaf curl disease (LSLC), respectively. All grapevines with RG and LSLC also had AGY. The three diseases were persistently expressed in some grapevines and remission of disease was observed in others. The results of PCR detection in the same grapevines indicated that phytoplasmas were more frequently detected in AGY-affected grapevines that also expressed RG and LSLC compared with grapevines expressing AGY alone. Phytoplasmas were detected in symptomless plant material but less frequently compared with AGY-affected material.     

DNA去甲基化参与提高白菜型冬油菜抗寒性的生理机制

利用来自不同育种环境的10份白菜型冬油菜材料,通过半致死温度的测定分析其抗寒性与环境的关系,并利用不同浓度DNA甲基化抑制剂5-azaC处理,分析DNA去甲基化对白菜型冬油菜DNA整体甲基化水平及低温胁迫下苗期生理特性的影响。结果表明,不同育种环境选育的材料,其半致死温度具有显著差异,其中材料2018-FJT、DT-7、DT-9与MXW-1的半致死温度分别为-16.04℃、-15.98℃、-15.63℃、-15.04℃;材料CT-2360、CT-2380、CT-2400、CT-2420、CT-2440、CT-2460的半致死温度分别为-11.32℃、-11.6℃、-11.42℃、-11.44℃、-12.97℃、-13.28℃。依据半致死温度,10个白菜型冬油菜抗寒性由强到弱依次为:2018-FJTDT-7DT-9MXW-1CT-2460CT-2400CT-2380CT-2420CT-2440CT-2360。抗寒性的形成与育成环境的纬度和年平均气温呈极显著正相关。选择抗寒性及产地不同的4个材料CT-2360、MXW-1、2018-FJT、DT-7进行生理测定,结果表明,1 000μmol·L~(-1) 5-azaC处理能显著抑制幼苗的根生长,4个材料的根长较对照减少93.14%～95.06%;低温下5-azaC处理对抗寒性较弱材料CT-2360幼苗的相对电导率、丙二醛含量以及强抗寒性材料DT-7幼苗的脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量影响最显著(P0.05);低温处理过程中,4个材料的SOD、POD、CAT活性均上升,以低温处理5d最显著(P0.05),其中2018-FJT的SOD活性增幅最高,为45.85%,DT-7的POD活性增幅最大,为460%,CT-2360的CAT活性增幅最显著,为321.02%。HPLC分析发现常温下抗寒性较弱材料CT-2360的甲基化水平为77.48%,高于其他3个抗寒性强的材料;经过5-azaC处理后发生明显的去甲基化作用,证明抗寒能力受DNA去甲基化的调控。     

Effect of DNA methylation of miR-30a-5p promoter region on hepatic injury induced by homocysteine

AIM: To explore the role of DNA methylation of microRNA-30a-5p(miR-30a-5p) promoter region in hepatic injury. METHODS: Four-week-old normal mice and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) single gene knockout mice were used and divided into normal (CBS^+/+, n=12) group and single gene knockout (CBS^+/-, n=12) group, and the mice were fed with high methionine diet for 8 weeks. HL-7702 hepatic cells were routinely cultured in vitro and divided into control group, homocysteine (Hcy) group and Hcy+5-azacytidne (AZC) group. Serum Hcy, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer. The levels of ALT and AST in the cells culture medium were determined by the microplate method. Hepatic injury in the mice were observed with HE staining. Cell viability staining was used to measure the viability of hepatocytes. RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of miR-30a-5p in the liver tissues and hepatocytes. The correlation between the expression of miR-30a-5p and serum ALT and AST levels was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. DNA methylation level of miR-30a-5p promoter region in the liver tissues and hepatocytes was detected by nested landing methylation-specific PCR (nMS-PCR). RESULTS: Compared with the CBS^+/+ mice, the serum levels of Hcy, ALT and AST in the CBS^+/- mice were significantly increased (P < 0.05). HE staining showed the hepatocyte swelling and nuclear fragmentation and dissolution. The expression level of miR-30a-5p in the liver tissues was decreased (P < 0.01). Besides, the expression level of miR-30a-5p in the mice was negatively correlated with serum ALT and AST levels (r²=0.4557, P=0.0003, r²=0.4626, P=0.0003), and the DNA methylation of miR-30a-5p promoter region was increased (P < 0.01). In the HL-7702 cells, compared with control group,the ALT and AST levels were increased in Hcy group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and the cell viability was remarkablely decreased. DNA methylation of miR-30a-5p promoter region was increased (P < 0.01), which decreased after treated the cells with AZC (P < 0.05), while the expression level of miR-30a-5p in the cells was increased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Hypermethylation of miR-30a-5p promoter region may play an important role in hepatic injury.     

用改进的高盐低pH法分离和纯化棉花叶绿体及叶绿体DNA

报道了用改进的高盐低ｐＨ法分离和纯化棉花叶绿体及叶绿体ＤＮＡ的实验过程，即先在高盐（离子强度）介质下，通过ｐＨ值变换，多次洗涤的方法去除叶绿体表面的静电附着杂质，得到纯净的叶绿体；然后氯仿抽提纯化ＤＮＡ；最后采用界面针挑法得到高纯度的ｃｐＤＮＡ。实验过程中针对棉花的特点，采用ＰＶＰ排除棉酚和丹宁的干扰，用ＤＩＥＣＡ抑制酚氧化酶活性，并对实验细节作了较大改进。得到的ＤＮＡ可满足酶切、ＰＣＲ等分子生物学分析。     

适于AFLP分析的柿树DNA提取方法研究

对柿基因组DNA的提取方法进行了研究,结果表明,采用提取液中含100mmol/LTris-HCl(pH8 0),20mmol/LEDTA,1 4mol/LNaCl,2%CTAB,1%PVP-40,10mmol/LNa2S2O5及100mmol/Lβ—巯基乙醇(用前加入)的改良CTAB法,可有效去除单宁、酚类、色素等,提取的柿叶片DNA质量和纯度较高,可用于AFLP分析。     

Repetitive DNA Sequences in Wheat and Its Relatives

Repetitive DNA sequences form a large portion of eukaryote genomes. Using wheat ( Triticum )as a model, the classification, features and functions of repetitive DNA sequences in the Tritieeae grass tribe is reviewed as well as the role of these sequences in genome differentiation, control and regulation of homologous chromosome synapsis and pairing. Transposable elements, as an important portion of dispersed repetitives,may play an essential role in gene mutation of the host. Dynamic models for change of copy number and sequences of the repetitive family are also presented after the models of Charlesworth et al. Application of repetitive DNA sequences in the study of evolution, chromosome fingerprinting and marker assisted gene transfer and breeding are described by taking wheat as an example.     

瓯江彩鲤线粒体DNA的限制性内切酶分析

用 13种限制性内切酶对瓯江彩鲤的线粒体DNA(mtDNA)进行RFLP分析 ,结果表明 :(1)共产生 18种限制性态型 ,其中 5种酶产生限制性片段长度多态性 (RFLPs) ,归结为 5种基因单倍型。 (2 )瓯江彩鲤mtDNA大小为 16 .6 0± 0 .15kb ,单倍型间的基因多样性指数和群体核苷酸多样性指数分别为 0 .75 17、0 .0 2 86 ,遗传多样性较丰富     

木薯天蛾颗粒体病毒某些生化特性——病毒DNA限制性内切酶解及结构多肽分析

本文采用限制性内切酶,分析木薯天蛾颗粒体病毒(Erinnyis ello Granulosis Virus简称EeGV)的DNA。同时,利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS—PAGE),对病毒包涵体蛋白质和病毒粒子结构多肽进行分析。结果表明,EeGV基因组的分子量为89.82 Kbp(硷基对);包涵体蛋白只有一条带,其分子量为31.0KDa(道尔顿);病毒粒子至少有18种结构多肽,其分子量在14.00～205.00 KDa范围之间,其中,有6条带明显地不同于Piris rapae GV和Trichoplusia ni GV;经EcoR_1,Hind Ⅲ,Kpnl酶解的EeGV DNA片段数目和分子量都明显不同于PrGV和TnGV的DNA片段。     

Isolation and molecular characterization of entomopathogenic nematode,Heterorhabditis sp. from an arable land in Nigeria

The occurrence of entomopathogenic nematodes(EPNs) in arable soil samples from Nigeria was investigated using Baermann extraction tray and insect-bait(White's trap) techniques. Isolates were tested for infectivity using the larvae of Galleria mellonella(greater moth) and Tenebrio molitor(mealworm). The study revealed a new species of Heterorhabditis(MT371593) in soil samples that were randomly collected from an arable farmland cultivated with cassava TMS-30572 at the Teaching and Research Farm of Landmark University, Nigeria. Amplification of the internal transcribed spacer region(ITS) of the ribosomal DNA produced a nucleotide sequence of 933 base pairs(bp). A BLASTN search of Gen Bank showed that the sequence of the Nigerian isolate is identical at 99% similarity to that of Heterorhabditis sp. from Thailand. Infectivity test of the isolate showed 100% mortality against T. molitor larvae within 48 h of exposure while only 80% mortality was recorded for G. mellonella after 1 week of exposure. This is the first account of Heterorhabditis sp. in Nigeria. The varying degrees of infectivity against mealworm and greater moth observed in this study proved that the Nigerian isolate of Heterorhabditis sp. could potentially be an attractive option in the management of insect pests of cash crops.     

基于线粒体DNA D-loop区的肉鸡品种遗传多样性和起源分析

[目的]探讨不同生长速度鸡品种(配套系)线粒体DNA D-loop区全序列遗传多样性和起源特性,为肉鸡品种选育和溯源提供理论依据.[方法]以不同生长速度的8个黄羽肉鸡配套系(中快速型5个、慢速型3个)、2个地方鸡种(固始鸡、藏鸡)、2个引进鸡种(隐性白羽鸡、安卡鸡)、1个白羽肉鸡(罗斯308)、817杂交肉鸡以及1个高...