粉藤主要解剖特征的研究

为了更好的对棕榈藤材进行开发和加工利用,以粉藤为研究对象,采用显微图像分析方法对其组织比量、纤维、维管束及导管形态特征进行研究。结果发现,粉藤薄壁组织、导管、纤维筛管比量值分别为34.7%、32.3%、26.9%和6.1%;纤维长度、直径、双壁厚、腔径和长宽比分别为1 425.0μm、16.4μm、11.0μm、5μm和87.9;维管束的径向、弦向尺寸和密度分别为556.1μm、519.4μm和3.6个·mm~(-2);后生木质部大导管分子长度、直径和密度分别为2 089.7μm、296.2μm和3.8个·mm~(-2)。粉藤材质与玛瑙省藤相当,是一种优良的藤种。     

导孔直径对木结构用规格材握螺钉力性能的影响

探讨导孔直径对木结构用规格材（云杉、落叶松、花旗松、马尾松）握螺钉力性能的影响。结果表明:导孔直径对木结构用规格材的握螺钉力影响较大,随着导孔直径的增大,握螺钉力会缓慢降低,当导孔直径在2~3 mm时,握螺钉力相对稳定;随着导孔直径进一步增大,握螺钉力会急剧下降。4种规格材的纵面握钉力从大到小的顺序是马尾松、花旗松、云杉、落叶松。     

增铵营养对番茄植株伤流液组分及含量的影响

在总氮(N)浓度相等的条件下,研究全硝营养(100% NO3-)和25% 增铵营养(NH4+∶NO3- = 25%∶75%)对开花期和幼果期番茄植株伤流液各组分含量的影响.结果表明,增铵营养显著增加幼果期伤流液中 K的含量,对Ca、Mg、P元素含量没有显著影响;增铵营养下伤流液中 NO3- 的含量下降、NH4+ 含量增加,氨基酸、苹果酸等的含量均显著增加,氨基酸/硝态氮含量之比显著提高,表明喜硝作物适当增铵不仅能够提高根系活力,显著促进K的吸收以供果实发育之需,而且提高了植株整体同化N素的能力.     

Comparison of wood,fibre and vessel properties of drought-tolerant eucalypts in South Africa§

Three drought-tolerant eucalypt genotypes have been investigated for a broad spectrum of properties to provide a basis for comparison on their suitability for various end-uses. The genotypes included were a Eucalyptus grandis × E. camaldulensis hybrid, E. gomphocephala and E. cladocalyx, selected based on previous studies that indicated good potential to tolerate arid conditions, reasonably good volume growth and straightness of stems. In this study, information was added on differences between species and parts of stems in growth (volume and biomass) and properties of wood (density and stiffness), fibres (dimensions and microfibril angle) and vessels (size and numbers). We found high wood densities and stiffness values for E. cladocalyx and E. gomphcephala, making them suitable for construction wood. Logs from the mid-part of the stem had the best timber properties, as the butt logs showed the highest microfibril angle and lowest wood stiffness due to longitudinal juvenility. Such juvenility was also to some degree observed for wood density and fibre length. The information gained will be especially helpful for selecting species and processing options for small farm and community plantations for producing higher-value products that may be sold to generate much-needed income as well as for local uses, such as fuelwood and charcoal.     

杨树木质部特异启动子MDCesAP的改造及功能检测

木质部特异表达的强启动子有助于外源目的基因在植物木质部中高效表达。将2个杨树木质部特异启动子MDCe-sAP串联在一起,置换植物表达载体pBI121上的35S启动子,构建成pDMDCesAP-GUS植物表达载体,通过农杆菌介导,并采用叶盘法转化烟草,获得烟草抗性植株。β-葡糖醛酸酶(GUS)活性检测结果表明,该串联启动子DMDCesAP具有木质部特异性,有望应用于桑天牛寄主树种的抗虫转基因研究。     

Leaf anatomical characteristics and physiological responses to short-term drought in Ziziphusmauritiana (Lamk.)

The aim of this work was to study the association between leaf anatomical characteristics and response to short-term drought stress in Ziziphusmauritiana Lamk. Six Z. mauritiana cultivars (Seb, Gola, Umran, Keitly, Q-29 and B-5/4) under field conditions in Israel's Negev desert were studied. Width of palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll and epidermis, xylem number and diameter in mid-vein were investigated with light microscopy. Short-term (3 weeks) drought stress tolerance was evaluated by monitoring plant response (leaf transpiration, diffusive resistance, chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf water potential and leaf relative water content). Greater epidermis and mesophyll widths and xylem diameters and densities were associated with increased tolerance to short-term water deficit expressed by preliminary wilting symptoms and proportional differences between initial and final physiological parameters. Significantly larger differences were found in Keitly, Umran and B-5/4 than in Seb, Gola and Q-29, indicating that the former cultivars are more sensitive to drought stress. Our results indicate that tolerance in descending order was Seb, Q-29, Gola, B-5/4, Keitly and finally Umran. The existence of an association between anatomical characteristics and short-term drought stress tolerance based on physiological responses is suggested.     

BP神经网络在渔船航行安全预警中的应用

渔船在海上航行时由于船体自身结构或者海面风浪等不利因素的影响,时常处于潜在的威胁当中。为了研究渔船在海洋环境中可能会遭受的风险,采用基于BP神经网络算法,对渔船吨位、发动机功率、渔船材质、渔船船龄以及渔船所处海面风等级、海面浪等级等6个预警指标要素构成的渔船预警模型进行评估,最终确定渔船在海上航行时的风险等级。在构建风险预警模型中使用了400个渔船事故案例,将训练样本按照数量划分为多个级别进行验证。预警模型结果与实际值比较显示,模型的正确率为79.76%~83.62%,其中在训练样本数为测试样本数的0.75倍时,模型精度最高。研究表明,基于BP神经网络的渔船风险预警模型的评估结果与渔船实际事故状态基本相符。该模型的建立为渔船海上航行提供了安全保障。     

基于NAPA软件的渔业船舶完整稳性分析

为验证NAPA软件在渔业船舶应用上的可行性和采用船舶静力学原理计算完整稳性的精确性,根据南海海域49.5 m金枪鱼延绳钓船的特定作业工况,分别采用NAPA软件和表格进行计算。计算结果表明,两种计算方法的偏差在2%左右,能够满足工程应用的精度要求。对气象衡准计算,分别采用了渔业船舶规则和国际海事组织(IMO)规则,由于算法不同,其偏差较大。通过比较发现,渔业船舶规则对气象衡准的要求高于IMO规则的要求。在没有条件使用大型船舶计算软件,且船舶处于平浮状态时,采用船舶静力学原理的计算结果是精确的。采用了船舶静力学原理并建立了NAPA计算模型,通过实例计算表明,NAPA软件具有在渔业船舶应用上的可行性和采用船舶静力学原理计算完整稳性的精确性,该结论可为船舶设计人员选取不同计算方法时提供参考依据。     

基于北斗VMS数据和DBSCAN算法的夏季海州湾中国毛虾资源分布

2020年我国伏季休渔期间中国毛虾（Acetes chinensis）限额捕捞试点在黄海海州湾实施,2021年该限额捕捞项目继续实施,在此背景下探究夏季海州湾中国毛虾资源分布对其限额捕捞精细化管理至关重要。本文首先基于2021年海州湾中国毛虾限额捕捞期间北斗渔船监控系统（Vessel monitoring system,VMS） 数据提取得到各毛虾张网渔船所有捕捞网位点及其捕捞努力量,然后运用具有噪声的密度聚类（Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Application with Noise,DBSCAN）算法进一步识别含有捕捞产量的网位点,从而探究夏季海州湾中国毛虾资源分布格局。结果显示,含有产量的网位点识别率为97.18％,表明DBSCAN算法能精准识别含有产量的捕捞网位点。含有产量的网位点共有898个,空间上呈聚集性分布。依据捕捞努力量情况探究得到中国毛虾资源主要分布在120°00′E~120°15′E,34°43′N~34°48′N 和119°47′E~119°53′E,34°36′N~34°43′N。本研究思路可作为其它渔业捕捞活动中运用VMS数据提取含产量捕捞网位点的科学参考。     

白桦木质部蛋白提取方法的建立1）

以白桦（ Betula platyphylla Suks．）木质部为试验材料,分别采用TCA—丙酮提取、酚提取和试剂盒提取3种方法提取白桦木质部总蛋白。利用试剂盒定量和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、双向电泳技术比较3种提取方法的蛋白质提取效率、提取质量。同时对酚提取法进行改良,建立适用于白桦木质部蛋白的提取方法。研究结果表明,改良的酚提取法提取的白桦木质部蛋白提取量最大,电泳条带清晰,丰富,质量较高。2－DE电泳得到的蛋白凝胶背景干净,蛋白质点清晰。因此,改良的酚提取法是较适合于白桦木质部蛋白的提取方法。