抗盐小麦突变体的诱变筛选及其抗盐性的比较

Ｘ射线辐照前用修复抑制剂咖啡因预处理或辐照后热处理诱变冬小麦萌发种子，Ｘ射线剂量８．６Ｇｙ，剂量率２．１５Ｇｙ／ｍｉｎ。在不同浓度的ＮａＣｌ溶液中进行抗盐突变体的筛选。３个原始品种的诱变处理对比实验表明，相对于单纯的Ｘ射线２，Ｘ射线分别与咖啡因以及热复合处理，能够显提高小麦萌发１．９％ＮａＣｌ溶液中生长１５天的苗存活率。将在１．９％ＮａＣｌ溶液中生长１５天存活的小植株移植到人工气候室中加代繁殖。     

Organic C and N stabilization in a forest soil: Evidence from sequential density fractionation

In mineral soil, organic matter (OM) accumulates mainly on and around surfaces of silt- and clay-size particles. When fractionated according to particle density, C and N concentration (per g fraction) and C/N of these soil organo-mineral particles decrease with increasing particle density across soils of widely divergent texture, mineralogy, location, and management. The variation in particle density is explained potentially by two factors: (1) a decrease in the mass ratio of organic to mineral phase of these particles, and (2) variations in density of the mineral phase. The first explanation implies that the thickness of the organic accumulations decreases with increasing particle density. The decrease in C/N can be explained at least partially by especially stable sorption of nitrogenous N-containing compounds (amine, amide, and pyrrole) directly to mineral surfaces, a phenomenon well documented both empirically and theoretically. These peptidic compounds, along with ligand-exchanged carboxylic compounds, could then form a stable inner organic layer onto which other organics could sorb more readily than onto the unconditioned mineral surfaces (“onion” layering model).To explore mechanisms underlying this trend in C concentration and C/N with particle density, we sequentially density fractionated an Oregon andic soil at 1.65, 1.85, 2.00, 2.28, and 2.55 g cm⁻³ and analyzed the six fractions for measures of organic matter and mineral phase properties.All measures of OM composition showed either: (1) a monotonic change with density, or (2) a monotonic change across the lightest fractions, then little change over the heaviest fractions. Total C, N, and lignin phenol concentration all decreased monotonically with increasing density, and ¹⁴C mean residence time (MRT) increased with particle density from ca. 150 years to >980 years in the four organo-mineral fractions. In contrast, C/N, ¹³C and ¹⁵N concentration all showed the second pattern. All these data are consistent with a general pattern of an increase in extent of microbial processing with increasing organo-mineral particle density, and also with an “onion” layering model.X-ray diffraction before and after separation of magnetic materials showed that the sequential density fractionation (SDF) isolated pools of differing mineralogy, with layer-silicate clays dominating in two of the intermediate fractions and primary minerals in the heaviest two fractions. There was no indication that these differences in mineralogy controlled the differences in density of the organo-mineral particles in this soil. Thus, our data are consistent with the hypothesis that variation in particle density reflects variation in thickness of the organic accumulations and with an “onion” layering model for organic matter accumulation on mineral surfaces. However, the mineralogy differences among fractions made it difficult to test either the layer-thickness or “onion” layering models with this soil. Although SDF isolated pools of distinct mineralogy and organic-matter composition, more work will be needed to understand mechanisms relating the two factors.     

The power-supply of X-ray machine adopting PID control and high-frequency inverter technology

To solve the problem of low control accuracy and low stability of current X-ray machines, a kind of digital power supply for X-ray machine is introduced. In the digital power supply, some key technologies are used to improve the output stability of the high frequency inverter, including improved BUCK circuit for voltage regulating circuit, high frequency inverter and soft switching technology for the high-voltage generator. The PWM control technology is used to control the switch transistor of voltage regulating circuit and inverter circuit, which makes the drive waveform output stable and easy to control. In order to improve the control accuracy, reduce the volume and change high voltage consecutively, the software PID of the microcomputer is used to control the feedback circuit. The high-accuracy power chip is used for the filament power supply to make the filament electric current stable. Through the analysis of the circuit, the parameters of the circuit are calculated and the circuit is simulated by PSPICE software. The results show that the theoretical analysis is consistent with the practical simulation results. The design can meet the requirement of the technology indices of the power supply of the X-ray machines.     

水分含量对玉米淀粉颗粒结晶度的影响

 应用X-射线衍射方法对不同水分含量的玉米淀粉颗粒的结晶度进行了研究。只有在玻璃态情况下,淀粉的无定型区域才产生X-射线衍射图样,衍射峰的强度、面积在某种程度上依赖于淀粉的含水量。玉米淀粉颗粒的X-射线衍射图形是由两部分组成的:微晶区域和无定型区域。随着水分含量的增加,样品的结晶度从小到大,并达到一个平衡值(约45%)。室温下,当水分含量处于低水平时(小于11.25%),玉米淀粉颗粒中的无定型区域处于玻璃态,衍射图形显示的是微晶区域和无定型区域两部分的衍射图形的综合。当水分含量处于较高水平时(大于18.55%),淀粉颗粒中的无定型区域处于橡胶态,其X-射线衍射图形仅由微晶区域形成。在较低水分含量时(小于18.55%),由于塑化作用的影响,增大含水量会导致更多的微晶的形成。当水分含量超过18.55%之后,再增大水分,就会导致微晶片层和剩余的无定型片层的同时分解。     

牛精子体外获能前后元素变化的研究

 本文应用x射线能谱技术，对获能前后精子质膜表面（头部、中段）和内部（顶体内、中段线粒体内）的元素进行了分析测试。结果表明，牛精子用肝素+咖啡因体外获能后，头部、中段质膜表面的Na、Al、S、K含量升高，Cl、Ca含量降低；顶体内Na、Mg、Si、P和Fe含量降低，而Ca、K、Cl和S含量升高；精子中段线粒体内Na、P、Si、Cl和Ca升高，而Mg、S、K和Fe却降低。获能过程中精子顶体内Na/Ca、Na/K、Cl/Ca、Cl/K和Na/Cl的浓度比分别为42.13、12.43、15.36、45.31和2.74；而摩尔比又分别为73.42、21.13、17.37、4.99和4.23。本文并对可能的获能机理进行了讨论。     

山羊实验性骨折愈合的X线观察

利用X线诊断技术,观察山羊的掌骨骨折愈合情况.结果表明:骨折愈合过程各期出现骨痂的最早时间,纤维性骨痂期平均为13d(最早者12d);骨性骨痂形成期平均为15.5d(最早者14d);骨性接合期平均为44d(最早者38d);骨痂改建期平均为72.5d(最早者70d).同时表明,同一骨骼的骨折,因骨折部位上下不同,达到各期愈合所经历的时间的差异明显,即掌骨上1/3组比掌骨下1/3组分别提前2,3,12和5d.     

安哥拉山羊羊纤维鳞片特征

应用单侧观察法和旋转观察法在扫描电镜下对安哥拉山羊羊毛鳞片特征进行了研究。结果表明，安哥拉山羊毛纤维鳞片在直径１５微米下呈环形排列，鳞片多为四边形；在较粗的羊毛中，鳞片排列为非环形，鳞片形状多为三角形或多边形。两类鳞片实质上都呈复瓦状排列方式。鳞片的形状具有多态性。鳞片表面光滑，具有浅而直的纵向条纹，自然边缘逐渐变薄，紧贴毛干。     

棉纤维细胞壁的微纤丝螺旋角及其与花后生长天数的关系

应用X射线衍射分峰法测量了棉纤维细胞壁的平均微纤丝螺旋角,该方法基于(002)衍射强度-方位角扫描曲线由两个相同的高斯曲线叠加而成的假定。测量结果表明:在花后5～50天内,细胞壁S_2,层的平均微纤丝螺旋角随花后生长天数的增加而逐渐变小。     

不同开花期棉铃异质性与气候关系的研究

本文研究了1986～1988年不同开花期棉铃异质性与气候的关系。结果表明,3年平均落铃率为43.27％;就落铃率而言,晚秋桃>伏前桃>早秋桃>伏桃,伏前桃、伏桃和早秋挑3年平均铃重分别为49、55、75天;>10℃的有效积温是影响铃重的主导因素;干旱的天气和高温能使纤维缩短。