基于NRF24E1无线奶牛体温数据采集系统设计

奶牛体温是衡量奶牛健康状况的重要参数,定时采集奶牛体温对于判断奶牛的健康状况有着重要意义。人们对于数据传输大多采用有线方式,但牛舍环境不便于铺设线缆进行数据传输。为此,本系统利用收发芯片NRF24E1进行设计,实现了奶牛体温数据采集系统与上位机进行无线通信,满足了对奶牛体温数据实时监测的要求,提高了对奶牛体温数据采集的自动性和高效性。通过芯片的选型以及芯片外围电路的改进优化了硬件电路,并且设计了有效的通信协议,防止传输的数据信号产生畸变并具有自动剔除错误信号的能力。该系统对多头奶牛的体温进行了测量,试验表明,本系统具有较高的实用性和可靠性,成本低功耗低,具有良好的应用前景。     

氨氯吡啶酸对紫茎泽兰有性繁殖的影响

为了对紫茎泽兰的防治提供参考依据,进行紫茎泽兰不同生育期喷施不同浓度24%氨氯吡啶酸水剂试验,研究其对紫茎泽兰开花结实及土壤中农药残留对植物种子萌发的影响。结果表明:花芽分化前期和花芽分化期喷施低剂量(3.2~25g/hm2)的24%氨氯吡啶酸可延迟花期,降低种子量,但植株仍能进行有性繁殖,虽顶芽花序败育,但侧芽少量花序仍能开花结果;高剂量处理(50~100g/hm2)能有效抑制紫茎泽兰生殖器官发育,均不能开花结实;花器官发育期喷施氨氯吡啶酸对紫茎泽兰有性繁殖控制效果较好,浓度25g/hm2以上处理均不能结种;低剂量12.5g/hm2处理单株种子量显著减少。结论:防治紫茎泽兰的有性繁殖最佳时期为花器官发育期,施药剂量高于25g/hm2植株均不能产生种子,且喷施较高浓度的氨氯吡啶酸不仅可除治当季紫茎泽兰,还能抑制其来年植株生长,对土壤种子库更新影响较小。     

24%烯草酮乳油防除甜菜田禾本科杂草效果

通过对不同浓度24%的烯草酮乳油在甜菜上的应用,用精稳杀得做对照,来试验烯草酮乳油在甜菜上的效果,以选择出适合甜菜生产所适用的除草剂及浓度。结果表明,不同浓度的烯草酮乳油防治甜菜杂草效果显著。     

聚乙二醇对五硼酸铵改性结构刨花板吸水性能的影响

试验引入聚乙二醇改性体系以补偿五硼酸铵处理结构刨花板时造成物理力学性能的降低,并研究了处理后结构刨花板的吸水性能。结果表明：24h吸水厚度膨胀率和24h吸水率这两项指标与五硼酸铵添加量的相关性最大,该两项结果均随五硼酸铵添加量的增加而增大。聚乙二醇种类对结构刨花板吸水性的影响大于添加量的作用。尤其是24h吸水率,4个添加量水平下的结果均无显著性差异。     

不同整形方式对酿酒葡萄及葡萄酒品质差异研究

目的研究油菜素内酯处理对葡萄成熟及着色过程中果实品质的影响。方法以酿酒葡萄蛇龙珠(Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Gernischet)为试验材料,分别采用质量浓度为0.1、0.4和0.8 mg/L 的24-表油菜素内酯(EBR)在葡萄转色之前进行喷洒果穗处理,以0.1%的乙醇和0.1%的吐温−80水溶液处理为对照(CK),并从处理开始时每隔14 d取样,测定果粒6个主要品质指标。结果与对照相比,EBR处理可显著提高成熟葡萄浆果中的还原糖、可溶性固形物以及浆果果皮中的总花色苷、总酚以及单宁的含量(P＜0.05),而显著降低了可滴定酸含量(P＜0.05)。结论3个不同质量浓度EBR处理明显促进了蛇龙珠葡萄果实的成熟,对蛇龙珠葡萄果实品质起着积极的影响,其中0.4 mg/L的EBR处理效果最明显。     

外源24-表油菜素内酯对逆境胁迫下玉米种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

为探讨不同胁迫对玉米种子生物化学特性的影响,采用不同浓度的24-表油菜素内酯(EBR)处理玉米种子,研究Na Cl和低温(15℃)胁迫下,外源EBR对玉米幼苗电解质外渗率(REC)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、脯氨酸、可溶性糖和各生长指标的影响。结果表明,在180 mmol·L~(-1)Na Cl胁迫下,0.050 mg·L~(-1)EBR可以显著缓解Na Cl的胁迫伤害,使玉米种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数显著提高,盐害指数降低;幼苗株高、根长、植株鲜重、相对含水量、根冠比也显著提高;抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT和APX)活性相应增加,脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量也相应提高,MDA含量和相对电导率降低。低温(15℃)胁迫下,与正常温度(25℃)相比,0.001~1.000 mg·L~(-1)范围内,EBR对提高玉米株高、根长、单株干鲜重、发芽率均有促进作用,0.100 mg·L~(-1)作用效果最好,对提高发芽势有一定促进作用,但无明显的规律性。由此可知,一定浓度的EBR浸种能缓解盐和低温对玉米的胁迫损伤,其作用机制可能是EBR可以激活细胞合成自由基清除酶的能力,且酶类物质通过相互协调作用减轻胁迫伤害。本研究为玉米的抗逆性研究提供一定的理论依据。     

24-表油菜素内酯对低氧胁迫下黄瓜幼苗根系抗氧化系统的影响

【目的】探讨外源EBR（24-表油菜素内酯）对低氧胁迫下黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）根系的生长和抗氧化系统的影响。【方法】采用营养液水培法,以抗低氧能力较强的黄瓜品种绿霸春4号和抗低氧能力较弱的品种中农8号为材料,研究根际低氧胁迫下外源施用EBR对黄瓜根系生长、ROS及抗氧化酶活性的影响。【结果】在低氧胁迫下,EBR处理显著促进了低氧胁迫下两品种黄瓜幼苗根系生长,提高了SOD、APX、GR活性及AsA、GSH含量,降低了O 、H2O2及MDA含量。【结论】外源EBR处理通过促进低氧胁迫下黄瓜幼苗根系中抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂含量的提高,降低ROS含量,增强植株抗低氧胁迫的能力。     

Expression of EPCAM,CD44 and CD24 in gastric cancer tissues and its clinical significance

AIM: To evaluate the relationship between epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM)/cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44)/cluster of differentiation 24 (CD24) expression and the clinicopathological characteristics/prognosis in 95 gastric cancer patients. METHODS: The expression levels of EPCAM, CD44 and CD24 were detected using the two-step method of immunohistochemistry in 95 gastric cancer patients who underwent surgical excision and were pathologically diagnosed as gastric cancer. RESULTS: There were 56 EPCAM-positive patients (58.95%), 41 CD44-positive patients (43.16%) and 56 CD24-positive patients (58.95%). Thirty patients were both EPCAM and CD44 positive (31.58%), 45 patients were both EPCAM and CD24 positive (47.37%), 32 patients were both CD44 and CD24 positive (33.68%), and 25 patients were EPCAM, CD44 and CD24 positive (26.32%). EPCAM expression was correlated with age, depth of tumor infiltration and WHO histological classification. CD44 expression was correlated with BORRMANN and WHO histological classification as well as CEA value. CD24 expression was correlated with the depth of infiltration, location of the tumor, WHO histological classification and viscera invasion. All positive expression of EPCAM, CD44 and CD24 was correlated with the depth of infiltration, location of the tumor and WHO histological classification (P<0.05). The difference of survival rate between EPCAM positive group and negative group was observed, and the CD44 positive group and negative group had the same result (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). The difference of survival rate between EPCAM⁺CD44⁺CD24⁺ group and EPCAM^-CD44^-CD24^- group was statistically significant (P<0.05). The difference of survival rate between EPCAM^-CD44⁺CD24⁺ group and EPCAM^-CD44^-CD24^- group was also significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The positive rates of EPCAM, CD44 and CD24 expression are high in gastric cancer tissues and these 3 proteins can be used as primary screening targets.     

Synthesis of strigolactones,a strategic account

Strigolactones (SLs) constitute a new class of plant hormones that have received growing interest in recent years. They firstly became known as signalling molecules for host recognition by parasitic plants, and for symbiosis of plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Furthermore, they are involved in numerous physiological processes in plants, such as the regulation of plant architecture and the response to abiotic factors. SLs are produced by plants in extremely low quantities, and they may be unstable during the purification process. Therefore, their total synthesis is highly relevant for confirming the structures assigned on the basis of spectroscopic and other physical data. A second important theme in SL research is the design and synthesis of SL analogues that have a simplified structure while still featuring the essential bioproperties. This review summarises the strategy and synthesis of naturally occurring SLs, and the design and synthesis of SL analogues with appreciable bioactivity. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry