积极发展新疆农机化信息工作

农机化信息在服务"三农"、发展现代农业、促进农业和农村经济发展中发挥着重要作用。新疆农机局在拓宽信息领域,健全信息网络,优化信息载体,提高信息质量,为领导科学决策、为社会提供有效的信息服务方面,取得的经验和体会。     

PCR-DGGE技术用于猪场沼气池细菌群落分析的条件优化

本研究采用变性梯度凝胶电泳（PCR-DGGE）技术研究猪场沼气池细菌群落,对基于16S rDNAV3区的PCR-DGGE电泳的最佳变性剂梯度范围、电泳时间、染色时间进行优化。研究结果表明,最佳变性剂梯度范围为35%～60%,电泳时间为12h,SYBR Green Fluorescent Dye染料的染色时间是30min,优化后的PCR-DGGE确保了实验的准确性、灵敏度和可重复性。运用此优化后的PCR-DGGE技术对5个猪场沼液细菌群落进行了研究,获得了较丰富的多样性。该实验为深入研究畜禽养殖粪污治理的菌种筛选奠定了基础。     

北方农牧交错区奶牛场环境中微生物数量季节性变化的研究

本试验分别在春、夏、秋、冬四季对内蒙古西部农牧交错区一座奶牛场舍内外空气环境以及运动场土壤和饮水中微生物数量进行了监测。结果表明,奶牛场舍内空气及土壤和水中的总需氧菌数和大肠杆菌数均以冬季最低。     

近红外光谱技术及其在农产品品质分析中的应用

近红外光谱技术是一种高效、快速的现代分析技术,已在很多领域得到广泛应用。文章对近红外光谱分析的技术原理、技术方法、技术特点作了简要介绍,并对其在农产品品质分析中的应用现状和应用前景进行了综述。     

基于GIS的鲁东南典型丘陵平原区农田土壤养分空间变异特征及影响因素研究

以鲁东南丘陵平原区的某镇为例,利用采集的200个农田表层土壤样点数据,运用地统计学方法研究了土壤中有机质(SOM)、全氮(TN)、碱解氮(AN)、速效磷(AP)和速效钾(AK)含量的空间变异特征及其影响因素.结果表明:SOM、TN、AN、AP和AK的平均含量分别为13.52g/kg、0.75g/kg、87.27mg/k...     

Incidence of hybridization between Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and brown trout, Salmo trutta L., in Ireland

The substantial growth of the farmed salmon industry in Europe since the 1970s has highlighted concerns regarding the genetic impact of escaped farmed salmon on wild salmonid stocks. High incidences of salmon × trout hybrids have been recorded in rivers situated near intensive salmon farming in Norway and Scotland, which may be indicative of a breakdown in reproductive isolation between salmon, Salmo salar L., and brown trout, Salmo trutta L. In the present study, salmonid fry and 0+ parr were collected from rivers in western Ireland. Allozyme and minisatellite DNA analysis were carried out on fry to determine the frequency of F1 hybrids from 10 rivers located within 38 km of salmon farms and three rivers at least 80 km from salmon farms. A total of 49 hybrids were recorded from 4135 salmonid fry (frequency = 1.2%). Mitochondrial DNA analysis showed that all hybrids arose from Atlantic salmon female × brown trout male crosses. Hybrid parr were recorded from one of the low-risk rivers (1.0%), but were present in seven out of the 10 catchments located within 38 km of salmon farms, with frequencies ranging from 0.7% to 3.1%. The results of the present survey, which represents the first extensive record of the levels of salmon-trout hybridization in Ireland, are discussed in relation to the continued growth of salmon farming in this country.     

Constructed wetlands as a treatment method for effluents from intensive trout farms

This study examined the effects of different hydraulic loading rates on the treatment efficiency of subsurface flow (SSF) constructed wetlands treating effluents from trout farming over a period of 6 months. Six identical wetland cells with a pre-sedimentation zone of 9.6 m² and a root zone of 23.6 m² were loaded with effluents from intensive trout farming (> 2.1 kg feeding stuff per L/s and day). The total runoff of 13.2 L/s was treated in the wetland cells, where two duplicate cells received equal hydraulic loads of 3.9, 1.8 and 0.9 L/s. All examined wetland cells had significant treatment effects on the nutrient fractions containing particulate matter [total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorous (TP), biological oxygen demand in 5 days (BOD₅), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total suspended solids (TSS)].

Efficiency was between 5.5% for TN and 90.1% for TSS. The SSF wetland also had a high treatment effect on total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), with efficiencies of 61.2 to 87.8%. Nitrate nitrogen (NO₃–N) and phosphate phosphorous (PO₄–P) showed a significant increase in the wetland effluent by 8.4 to 209%. Nitrite nitrogen (NO₂–N), had no significant, or significant effluent increase depending on the inflow rate. Treatment efficiency for particulate nutrients and TAN increased with decreasing hydraulic load, while the differences between 1.8 and 0.9 L/s were not significant. The treatment efficiency for TP was constant for all cells, at around 40%. The wetland receiving 3.9 L/s was over-flooded after 10 to 12 weeks due to colmatation. Nevertheless, the wetland still showed high treatment efficiencies. For commercial trout farms, SSF wetlands are a highly effective method of effluent treatment. A hydraulic load of 1 L/s on 13.3 m² wetland area (1.8 L/s on the examined wetland) seems most suitable. Higher loads lead to accelerated wetland colmatation, while lower loads waste space.     

建立完善我国优质牛肉生产全程质量控制体系

本文介绍了我国牛肉生产和进出口现状及影响因素，并建议要制定推行我国牛肉生产全程质量控制体系以提高我国牛肉生产水平、牛肉质量及市场竞争力。     

规模化猪场仔猪早期断奶应激研究进展

断奶日龄与断奶后仔猪生长发育和母猪生产性能发挥密切相关。该文回顾了国内外有关不同断奶日龄对仔猪生长发育、行为习性、消化生理与免疫机能以及母猪繁殖性能等方面的研究进展,分析了早期断奶技术在规模化养猪生产中,对改善母猪生产能力和设备利用率,降低饲料消耗,提高养猪生产效益所起的作用,断奶应激可能对仔猪生产的不良影响,以及目前有关技术研究与应用中存在的主要问题,探讨了我国在规模化养猪生产中应用早期断奶技术需解决的问题及今后的研究方向。     

氨氮胁迫对四鼻须鲤鱼肝脏GST酶活力的影响

实验采用生态毒理学方法,以NH4Cl为实验药物,设置0、50、150和250mg/L实验浓度。通过对野生和养殖群体的四鼻须鲤鱼氨氮对肝脏谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶（GST）活力的影响,比较两个群体抗氨氮能力。结果表明：在相同的氨氮浓度和胁迫时间下,四鼻须鲤鱼养殖群体GST酶活力的变化趋势与野生群体大致相同。除250mg/L浓度组在胁迫5d和10d时,野生群体酶活性略低于养殖群体外,在其余时间点的野生群体酶活性均高于养殖群体,而且,在高浓度氨氮胁迫下,野生群体肝脏的GST酶活性达到峰值的时间比养殖群体更短,显示出较强的抗氨氮能力。