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71.
Jerzy Drzewiecki 《Euphytica》2001,119(3):279-287
Wheat-rye translocation line (2BS/2RL) has been developed for resistance to biotype L of Hessian fly and agronomically useful
traits. AFLP analysis using 64 primer pairs was conducted in order to identify 2RL-specific polymorphisms between “Coker 797”
(non-2RL), near-isogenic line (NIL) carrying 2RL, and “Hamlet”. Nine primer combinations identified twelve reproducible polymorphic
fragments in the NIL carrying 2RL. These twelve fragments were cloned and sequenced with an aim towards converting AFLP markers
into sequence tagged sites (STS). A comparison of the 12 sequences with non-redundant accessions in the NCBI database using
the BLAST search option indicated that one fragment of approximately 200 bp in length (amplified using primer combination
E+AAC / M+CTA) was highly homologous with the rye-specific repetitive sequence R173-1 and Wis-2-lA, a retrotransposon-like
element in wheat. Two STS primers (SJ07 and SJ09) out of twelve STS primer sets enabled the detection of polymorphisms between
Coker 797 and NIL carrying 2RL. In order to verify whether the polymorphism detected by primers SJ07 and SJ09 was in fact
the result of the presence of 2RL, additional plant material was examined. Amplified products of about 260 bp fragment with
the SJ07 primer set were generated in rye cvs.“Chilbohomil” and “Jochunhomil”, triticale experimental line Suwon 15, and wheat
experimental line K-14 (1AL/1RS & 2BS/2RL), as well as NIL carrying 2RL and Hamlet, but not in Coker 797 (non-2RL), “Keumgangmil”
(non-translocation wheat), KS92WGRC17 (PI592729 /;/ 6BS/6BL-6RL), KS92WGRC19 (P1592731 /;/ 4BS/4BL-6RL), “TAM200” (1AL/1RS),
and “Siouxland” (1BL/1RS). Our data suggest that primer set SJ07 amplifies a “2RL-specific” fragment of diagnostic value.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
72.
The Effect of Chromosome 1B/1R Translocation on the Yield Potential of Certain Spring Wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Nearly 50 percent of the 1988 advanced breeding lines of the CIMMYT bread wheat breeding program possess the 1B/1R homozygous translocation. Hence, a trial was conducted to estimate the effect of 1B/1R chromosome translocation on the yield potential of some of our high-yielding spring wheats, where non-limiting levels of fertility, moisture, preventive pest and disease programs were used. In conclusing the 1B/1R lines seemed to have increased their above-ground biomass yield, number of spikes per meter2, 1000-grain weight and test weight. They also exhibited a slight advantage over the 1B homozygous lines on grain yield. The observed difference, however, was non-significant, as was the plant height difference observed among the two groups. Varietal comparisons indicated that the 1B/1R group headed later than the 1B group. 相似文献
73.
The genes Ms2 for male sterility and Rht10 for dominant dwarfing located on the short arm of chromosome 4D in common wheat arc closely linked. Male sterile, dwarf F1 plants from the cross of male sterile‘Chinese Spring’× dwarf‘Ai-bian’were backcrossed with the variety‘Chinese Spring, From this offspring a spontaneous chromosome translocation was isolated resulting in a recombinant male sterile and dwarf genotype. 相似文献
74.
Z.Y. Xin Z.Y. Zhang X. Chen Z.S. Lin Y.Z. Ma H.J. Xu P.M. Banks P.J. Larkin 《Euphytica》2001,119(1-2):163-167
We developed some wheat-Th. intermedium translocation lines,Yw642, Yw443 and Yw243, etc., showing good BYDV resistance from L1by induced homoeologous pairing using CS ph mutant. Characterization ofthese wheat lines was carried out by GISH and RFLP analysis. The resultsof GISH showed that the lines, YWw42, Yw443 and Yw243, etc., arehomozygous wheat-Th. intermedium translocation lines, in which thechromosome segments of Th. intermedium were transferred to thedistal end of a pair of wheat chromosomes. RFLP analysis indicated that thetranslocation chromosome of the wheat lines is T7DS · 7DL-7XL. Thebreakpoint of the translocation is located on the distal end of 7DL, betweenXpsr965 and Xpsr680 about 90–99 cm from the centromere. The BYDVgene is located on the distal end of 7XL around Xpsr680, Xpsr687 andXwg380. The RFLP markers of psr680, psr687 and wg380 werecosegregated with the BYDV resistance respectively and could be used formolecular assisted selection (MAS) in wheat breeding program for BYDVresistance. 相似文献
75.
Two disomic barley chromosome addition lines and five translocated chromosome addition lines of common wheat cultivar Shinchunaga
were isolated. They were derived from a hybrid plant between Shinchunaga and cultivated barley Nyugoruden (New Golden) by
backcrossing with wheat and self pollination. Barley chromosomes added to chromosome arms involved in the translocated chromosomes
were identified by C-banding method and by crossing these lines with Chinese Spring/Betzes addition lines. Two disomic addition
lines were identified to have chromosome 6 and 7 of barley, respectively. Two of the five translocated chromosome addition
lines were clarified to have same chromosome constitution, 42 wheat chromosomes and a pair of translocated chromosomes constituted
with a long arm of chromosome 5B of wheat and a short arm of chromosome 7 of barley. The other three lines could not be identified
due to chromosome rearrangement. Performances of these seven lines on agronomic characters were examined. Addition of barley
chromosome 7 induced early heading, and chromosome 6 showed lated heading. Almost all of the lines except that of chromosome
6 showed short culm length and all showed reduced number of tillers, spikelets and grains per ear, and low seed fertility.
These lines would be useful for genetic analyses in wheat and barley and for induction of useful genes of barley into wheat.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
76.
大麦幼胚培养再生植株及其后代的细胞遗传学研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
从5个普通大麦品种的幼胚培养中均得到体细胞再分化植株。对214棵再生植株进行了细胞学检查,发现四倍体5株,占总数的2.3%;相互易位杂合体1株,占总数的0.46%。四倍体植株虽然得到少数大而瘪的种子,但它们次年没有发芽;易位杂合体减数分裂时的染色体构型为5Ⅱ+1Ⅳ,属于两对非同源染色体间的简单易位。其余所有二倍体植株的细胞 相似文献
77.
氮肥对杂交小麦果聚糖积累与转运及其杂种优势的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
氮肥影响作物的碳氮代谢及生长发育。选用6个杂交小麦及其7个亲本材料在施氮(200 kg /hm2)和不施氮(0 kg /hm2)条件下,比较研究了不同生育期不同器官果聚糖的积累与转运及其杂种优势。无论施氮与否茎鞘和总麦草中果聚糖的积累模式基本相似。茎鞘是贮存果聚糖的主要营养器官,分配了总麦草果聚糖积累量的63%~87%,并在开花期其积累量达最大值。总麦草转运的85%以上的果聚糖来源于茎鞘,其对籽粒产量的贡献率最大(9.42%~19.36%)。氮缺乏减少叶片中果聚糖的积累量,但增加茎鞘和总麦草中果聚糖的积累量。穗轴及颖壳、茎鞘和总麦草的果聚糖积累在挑旗期、抽穗期和开花期存在一定的杂种优势(4.7%~51.7%),叶片、茎鞘和总麦草的果聚糖转运量、转运率也具有较强的杂种优势,施氮增强叶片中果聚糖的转运优势,但减弱茎鞘和总麦草中的转运优势。结果说明,杂交品种比其亲本具有更强的果聚糖转运能力,施氮对茎鞘果聚糖的积累与转运及其杂种优势均有抑制作用。 相似文献
78.
The use of anther culture in breeding winter wheat. II. Production of new doubled haploid lines of winter wheat with 1AL—1RS-translocation A total of 4472 anhers was cultured from 8 F1 populations of winter wheat with the 1AL—1RS wheat-rye translocation cultivar ‘Amigo’ as one of the crossing arents. When averaged over all populations a frequency of embruoid formation of 10% and of regeneration efficiency of green plants of 1% were observed. In addition to the 45 green regenerated plants, 93 albinos were obtained. 44% of the green plantlets had 21 chromosome in root tips and 29% were spontaneous diploids. Multiple peroxidases were used a biochemical markers in the subsequent characterization of the homogeneous breeding material. The electrophoretic patterns showed that 16 doubled haploids without rye chromosome segments were produced. In addition the features of dh0- plants showed, that several of the new 1AL—1RS-translocation lines were awnless. 相似文献
79.
P. Monneveux M. P. Reynolds J. González Aguilar R. P. Singh W. E. Weber 《Plant Breeding》2003,122(5):379-384
The 7DL.7Ag translocation from Lophopyrum elongatum that carries Lr19, a leaf rust resistance gene, was found to be associated with a significant increase in grain yield under irrigated, disease‐free conditions, but a generally lower yield under moisture stress conditions. These studies, however, involved a limited number of genetic recipients and environments, and the effect of the translocation on physiological traits was not considered. We examined the translocation effect in six different recipient genotypes and under five environmental conditions, including drought and heat stress. The increase in grain yield under irrigated conditions was associated with a higher rate of biomass production in the 7DL.7Ag lines and may be attributed to higher sink strength. Effect of the translocation on physiological traits was noted only under heat stress and was not associated with difference in yield. Under moisture stress conditions, 7DL.7Ag lines yielded less than their corresponding recipients, possibly because of a longer growing cycle. It is concluded that the effect of the 7DL. 7Ag translocation may very much depend on the phenological adaptation of the recipient genotype and the translocation may be useful for enhancing yield, mainly under favourable conditions. 相似文献
80.
Adam J. Lukaszewski 《Euphytica》1997,94(3):257-261
Complete chromosomes 1R and 1B were reconstructed in wheat from the centric wheat-rye translocation 1RS.1BL. Three substitutions:
1R(1A), 1R(1B), 1R(1D), and three new centric translocations: 1RS.1AL, 1RS.1BL, 1RS.1DL were produced from the reconstructed
chromosome 1R. Each one of these has the same rye chromosome arm 1RS which was present in the original translocation 1RS.1BL
of ‘Kavkaz’ wheat. Reconstructed chromosome 1B and a normal chromosome 1R were used to produce a new 1RS.1BL translocation.
This translocation has the long arm from the original 1RS.1BL translocation of ‘Kavkaz’, but a different 1RS arm. The third
generation centric translocations were mitotically stable and were normally transmitted to progeny. Misdivision frequency
of the reconstructed chromosomes 1R did not change relative to normal 1R, whereas the misdivision frequency of the two reconstructed
chromosomes 1B tested was significantly higher relative to normal 1B. These experiments demonstrate that repeated cycles of
centric breakage and fusion do not impair the function of centromeres in wheat and rye but may change chromosome's susceptibility
to misdivision.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献