内皮素受体在不同毛色绵羊皮肤中的表达和定位分析

 【目的】研究内皮素受体A和B(endothelin receptor A and B, EDNR A and B)在绵羊皮肤中的表达与定位,以及在不同毛色中的差异比较,探讨其在绵羊毛色形成中的作用及其相关机制。【方法】以不同毛色的成年绵羊为研究对象(设黑色毛和白色毛两组),用RT-PCR法检测EDNR基因在不同毛色皮肤中的表达,并使用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析不同毛色绵羊皮肤EDNR基因的相对表达量,采用免疫组织化学法和Western blot法对EDNR在绵羊皮肤中的表达进行定位和定量分析。【结果】荧光定量PCR结果显示黑色绵羊中EDNRA的相对表达量是白色绵羊的1.2648倍,EDNRB的则是1.8248倍;Western blot结果显示,皮肤组织粗蛋白提取物中含有EDNR蛋白,且受体A在黑白两组皮肤中表达不显著(P＞0.05),受体B在黑色组的表达显著高于白毛组(P＜0.05);免疫组化实验结果显示,EDNR蛋白在两组皮肤的表皮和毛囊中均有表达,通过光密度分析,受体A在黑毛皮肤各处细胞中的表达显著高于白毛皮肤,受体B则在除毛根鞘之外的其它两处细胞中表达显著高于白毛皮肤(P＜0.05)。【结论】实验结果提示,EDNR参与绵羊皮肤黑素细胞的生成,且两受体作用效应存在差异。     

从归化异化角度看沈从文《丈夫》的英译

翻译实践中的两种主要策略——归化和异化,是近年来翻译界研究和争论的焦点。对文学翻译来说,译作要尽可能传递原文的文化和语言色彩,沈从文短篇小说《丈夫》带有浓郁的湘西地域特征和民俗特点,金介甫先生运用异化与归化结合的翻译策略,在尽量保持原语文化色彩的同时,也考虑到译入语的可接受性,这种翻译策略的成功对文学作品的翻译有一定的启示作用。     

光滑鳖甲抗冻蛋白基因(AP-AFP060116)表达规律的研究

研究以克隆的光滑鳖甲抗冻蛋白基因(AP-AFP060116,Apafp)为目的基因,采用半定量RT-PCR技术,首次探讨了该基因在不同低温处理下的表达规律.半定量RT-PCR实验结果表明光滑鳖甲成虫经历长时间冷驯化后,体内Apafp基因的表达水平增高.计算半定量RT-PCR产物电泳图像的灰度值,结果显示在低温处理的第5 d,昆虫体内Apafp基因的表达水平与对照组相比差异显著(P＜0.05).快速冷驯化实验结果显示,处理组与对照组昆虫体内Apafp基因的表达水平没有明显的差异.同时使用Southern blot技术证明光滑鳖甲抗冻蛋白基因家族的存在.     

吉林省西部牧草适宜生长区域划分的研究

在分析吉林省西部地区生态和气象生长条件对牧草影响的基础上,利用最优二分割技术,根据农业气候相似原理,对吉林省西部地区牧草适宜生长区域进行了划分。结果表明,大安、前郭、松原、长岭、扶余为牧草最适宜生长区,白城、镇赉、洮南、乾安为次适宜生长区,通榆为较适宜生长区。     

西花蓟马(Frankliniella occidentalis)研究进展*

 西花蓟马(Frankliniella occidentalis)属于缨翅目(Thysanoptera)昆虫,最初分布于美国西部,20世纪80年代开始迅速扩散至全球各大洲,目前已在69个国家和地区有报道,成为世界性害虫。F. occidentalis可以以持久性的方式传播番茄斑萎病毒属(Tospovirus)病毒,如番茄斑萎病毒(tomato spotted wilt virus, TSWV);并且,F. occidentalis传播的病毒所造成的经济损失远远大于其本身所造成的损失。因此控制F. occidentalis的种群以及它的扩散是控制Tospoviruses的关键所在,有鉴于此,各国对F. occidentalis进行了深入的研究。主要论述了近年来F. occidentalis在生物学特征、室内饲养以及它和TSWV的互作关系等方面的进展。     

Status and distribution of the Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus on the Cabo Blanco peninsula (Western Sahara-Mauritania) in 1993–1994

The current geographical distribution of the Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus colony inhabiting the Cabo Blanco peninsula (Western Sahara-Mauritania) is described. Its distribution range has apparently not changed since surveys conducted in 1984–1988. Sightings of adults on the Tarf el Guerguerat coast, 20 km north of the known breeding caves, suggests the existence of other possible breeding groups further north. Two caves used by the seals are described for the first time. A review of historical trends in cave occupation by seals made it possible (1) to locate the so-called ‘maternity cave’, last reported in 1949; and (2) to establish that the colony, since its discovery, has occupied at least eight caves, five of which have collapsed. An index of population size based on counts of individuals of identified morphological types indicates that, during 1993–1994, the colony was composed of c.113–165 individuals (excluding pups), a larger number than previously assumed. Counting of seals at times of maximum haul-out is proposed as a tool to monitor population trends, although it is considered unreliable for estimating absolute numbers.     

犬瘟热病毒H基因的序列分析与表达

以临床疑似犬瘟热病犬外周血总RNA为模板,采用RT-PCR方法扩增犬瘟热病毒(CDV)血凝素(H)基因。序列测定和分析表明该病料犬瘟热病毒H基因序列与国内其他地区分离到的毒株同源性较高(94.6%~99.2%),而与Onderstepoort株、Convac株等疫苗毒株的同源性较低(90.4%~91.2%)。分子遗传进化分析显示所有毒株可分为7个大的分支,且各分支间具有一定的地域性,其中待检病料中CDV与大多数中国分离株一样处于Ⅰ型。进一步以H全基因为模板,截短表达其3′端816 bp、459 bp两个片段,并克隆入原核表达载体pET30 a进行表达。结果显示它们分别能表达大小约为36.4 ku和22.2 ku的融合蛋白。免疫转印表明该纯化蛋白均可与犬瘟热病毒抗血清发生阳性反应,说明重组蛋白具备抗原性,可用于进一步的血清学研究。     

Global coffee market influence on land‐use and land‐cover change in the Western Ghats Of India

In this study, we used image‐processing techniques to examine the spatial pattern of land‐use and land‐cover (LULC) change that occurred in the coffee growing area in the Western Ghats of India during the international coffee crisis in the 1990s. The study also ascertains the driving forces of these changes using qualitative research methods that include archival studies and interviews of knowledgeable individuals. We analyzed Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) for 1991 and Landsat ETM+ for 2002 to quantify LULC. Historical land‐use changes in different land ownership regimes were also analyzed. Global coffee market fluctuations were found to be the major cause of landscape change in the study region. When the global coffee prices increased, more forested areas were cleared for coffee cultivation. Failure of global coffee market forced farmers to convert land from subsistence farming (rice) to short‐period commercial crops like ginger. This also resulted in land degradation in rice paddies. For the farmers in the Western Ghats, LULC decisions are one of the methods used to cope with the vulnerability created due to the international coffee crisis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Management strategies to increase stand structural diversity and enhance biodiversity in coastal rainforests of Alaska

Coastal rainforests of southeast Alaska have relatively simple species composition but complex structures with high diversity of tree ages, sizes and forest canopy layers, and an abundant understory plant community. Wildlife and fisheries resources also play an important role in the ecological functioning of forest and aquatic systems. Clearcutting has greatly altered these forest ecosystems with significant decreases in structural diversity of forest stands and greatly reduced wildlife habitat. This paper synthesizes information on management options in older forests that have never been actively managed, and in younger forests to increase diversity of stand structures and their associated effects on biodiversity. Light to moderate levels of partial cutting in old-growth forests can maintain the original diversity of overstory stand structures and understory plant communities. In younger forests that develop after clearcutting, mixed alder-conifer stands provide more heterogeneous structures and significantly higher understory biomass than in pure conifer forests. Research has shown that red alder increases diversity and abundance of understory plants, and provides forage for deer and small mammals. Results also show a clear linkage between alder and improved invertebrate diversity in aquatic systems. A combination of light partial cutting in older forests along with inclusion of red alder in conifer-dominated forests could provide the greatest amount of diversity and maintain the complex stand structures that are an important component of these forest ecosystems.